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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRfET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  145S0 

(716)872-4503 


T.-,.,pj?r55;«w-ijja»\'-a?»r*:«^^^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductlons  historiques 


I 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 
D 
D 

D 
D 
D 
D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restauree  ..t/ou  pelliculde 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  Int^rleure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  rp-^oration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mals,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires.- 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  da  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


D 
D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 


I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualit^  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


I  I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I  I  Pages  detached/ 

I  I  Showthrough/ 

I  I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I  I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6td  film^es  d  nouveau  de  fa9on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  infiage  possible. 


This  item  Is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous 

10X                            14X                             18X                             22X 

26X 

30X 

^ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


28X 


32X 


%' 


jiaire 
>s  details 
iques  du 
nt  modifier 
xiger  une 
de  filmage 


jd/ 
qudes 


itaire 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
film!ng  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  e&ch  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ►  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grSce  d  la 
g^n^rositd  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  fiimd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commen9ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboies  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — »>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  6tre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  r6duction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


d  by  errata 
Imed  to 

ment 

I,  une  pelure, 

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ADDRESS 


BBFOHB  THE 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 

MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION 

JXJT^K    O,    1877 

CONTAINING 

SOME    OBSERVATIONS 

ON   THE 

GEOLOGICAL  AGE  OF  THE  WORLD 


THE  APPBARANCn  OF  ANIMAL  LIFE   I'PON   THE 

GLOBE,  THE   ANTIQUITY   OF   MAN,  AND  THE     AKCH.EOLOGICAL 

KKMAINS   OF    EXTINCT   KACnS   FOUND   ON    THE   ^^^'"^ ^H"^^'^"'" ' 

WITH   VIEWS  OF  THE  ORIGIN  AND  PRACTICE  ..F    MI-.DICINE 

AMONG  UNCIVILIZED  RACES,   MORE    ESPECIALLY 

THB    NORTH    AMERICAN   ;       ,', 

INDIANS  ;  „  t 

TO  WHICH   IS   APPENDED  A 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  PREVIOUS  ADDRESSES 

AND  ALSO 

BIOGRAPHIES  OF  THE  MEMBERS 

OF  THE^SSOCIATION. 


^  BY 

J.   M.  TONER.  M.  D, 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 
PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  ASSOCIATION 
1877-  ,  ,     , 

AAV 


6r)-^H 


2. 


r 


'.0 


FROM   THB    PRESS    OP 
THE  INQflRRR   rRINTINO   t  PUDI.ISHING  COMPANY, 


LANCASIBK,   PA. 


-£ 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association  had  its 
origin  in  a  desire  to  perpetuate  and  keep  fresh  the  friend- 
ships formed  among  the  physicians  who  actually  crossed 
the  Rocky  Mountains  to  attend  the  meeting  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association  in  San  Francisco,  California,  in 
May,  1 87 1.  On  that  occasion  there  were  one  hundred 
and  twenty-three  physicians  who  traversed  the  Continent 
for  this  purpose,  all  of  whom  have  been  constituted  mem- 
bers of  the  Association.  The  ladies  of  the  party  and  a 
few  non-professional  gentlemen  who  were  in  the  company 
are  recognized  as  honorary  members.  The  organization 
is  entirely  social  and  memorial  in  its  character.  It 
meets  annually  at  the  same  time  and  place  as  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association.  Immediately  after  Dr.  Toner's 
address,  at  Chicago,  in  1877,  a  resolution  was  passed  that 
it  and  the  accompanying  biographical  sketches  of  the 
members  be  published  by  the  Society.  The  committee 
appointed  for  that  purpose  takes  pleasure  in  presenting 
to  the  members  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Associa- 
tion this  admirable  discourse  and  desirable  record  in  a 
handsome  memorial  volume  as  an  appropriate  souvenir 
of  friendship.  And  in  collecting  and  appending  an  ab- 
stract of  all  the  proceedings  and  addresses  since  this  Asso- 
ciation was  instituted,  we  conceive  that  we  are  complying 
with  a  very  general  wish  of  the  members. 

N.  S.  DAVIS,  M.  D., 
J.  MORRIS,  M.  D. 
(ill)  »        *        #       # 


Committee  on  Publication ; — 


■w- 


PRESIDENTS 

OF  TUB 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


W.  L.  ATLEE,  M.  D., 
B.  H.  CATLIN,  M.  D., 
G.  W.  MEARS,  M.  D., 
«.  GILLETT,  M.  D.,    . 
J.  M.  TONER,  M.  D., 
N.  S.  DAVIS,  M.  D..     . 


(iv) 


1872-1873 

1874 

.    1875 
1S76 

.    1877 
1878 


N\ 


"873 
1874 

1875 
1S76 

1877 
1878 


CONTENTS. 


rAOE. 

Introduction j 

List  of  Presidents  of  the  Association a 

Address  at  Chicago,  liy  Dr.  Toner 7 

History  and  Transactions  of  the  Association n-i 

First  Meeting,  Philadelphia,  1872 jie 

Second  Meeting,  St.  Louis,  1873 1 1 c 

Address  of  President  Atlee 1 15 

Roll  of  Meml)ers ny 

Third  Meeting,  Detroit,  1874 n^ 

Address  of  President  Catlin i  iq 

Fourth  Meeting,  Louisville,  1875 126 

Address  of  President  Mears 126 

Fifth  Meeting,  Philadelphia,  1876 130 

Address  of  President  Gillett 130 

Sixth  Meeting,  Chicago,  1877 144 

BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PAOK. 

Adams,  Charles  Powell 147 

Adrian,  James  A 150 

Agard,  Aurelius  Homer. ...  152 

An- es,  Albert  Alonzo 154 

Ames,  Alfred  Elisha 155 

Armsby,  James  H 157 

Asdale,  William  James 162 

Atkinson,  William  Biddle. . .  165 

Atlee,  Washington  L 168 

Barnett,  C.  V 175 

Barnum,  Bolivar 175 

Bartlett,  John  Knowlton. . . .  177 

Bellows,  Horatio  Knight 179 

Bibb,  George  Richard 180 

Black,  John 182 

Brown,  Benjamin  Stanton.. .  183 

BrUhl,  Gustav 184 

{ 


PAGE- 

Bruner,  Daniel  Ireland 186 

Buckingham,  Richard  Green.  i87 

Castlehun,  F.  C 189 

Catlin,  Benjamin   Hopkins..  189 

Collins,  George  Lewis 191 

Cotton,  David  Barnes 193 

Crane,  Job  Symmes 195 

Crist,  David  Levi 195 

Cummins,  Robert  Hazlett. . .  196 

Curtis,  Edward  M 198 

Curwen,  John 200 

Cutter,  Ephraim 202 

Davis,  Nathan  Smith 205 

Dawson,  Benjamin  F 223 

De  Bruler,  James  P 225 

Denig,  Robert  McClintock. .  226 

Donahoe,  Henry  James 227 

V) 


vi 


CONTENTS. 


VAOK. 

Douglas,  George 229  ; 

l)(>iH>las,  Silas  Hamilton 230  | 

Diincan,  William  Stevens...    ajl  | 

KImer,  William 233! 

Eisner,  John 235  , 

Findloy,  William  Martin 237  j 

Fisher,  Alexander 238  | 

Frissell,  John 240  • 

Garvin,  1-uciusFayelte  Clark.  245  ! 

Gilcrest,  Robert  Scott 246 

Gilletl,  liuckland 248 

Goltling,  Walter  Sidney 2^;  1 

Hamilton,  Joseph  Ormond..   251  j 
Harding,  Myron  Hawley... .   252 

Hatlield,  Nathan  Lewis 253  j 

Heighway,  Arcliihald  IC 255; 

Helm,  John  Hampton 258  ' 

Hewitt,  George  VVashington.  260 
Hibbard,  James  Farquhar. .  .  261 
Hildreth,  Fugenius  Augustus.  263 

Hill,  Nathan  U 266 

Hilliard,  John  Frederick  ....    268 

Holton,  Henry  Dwight 269 

Hovey,  Arial  Burnhan 270 

Hughes,  Joseph  Clokey 271 

Hunt,  Khenezer  Kingsbury..  273 
Hurlbut, Vincent  Lunibard..    274 

Ives,  Charles  Linnxus 275 

Jackson,  John  Davies 277 

Janes,  Henry 286 

Johnson,  John   Hates 288 

Jones,  Andrew  Barry 293 

Kane,  Edward 294 

King,  George  Andrew 295 

King,  James 296 

Knight,  Henry  Martyn 298 

Knox,  William  Augustus. .  .   299 

l-r..igdon, Oliver  Monroe 300 

Long,  Alfred  Jerome 303 

Mason,  Darius 305 

McArthur,  Alonzo  Lincoln..  306 
McClanahan,  John  Porter. . .  308 
McDowell,  William  Jefferson  309 
McFarland,  John  Alexander.  310 
Mears,  George  Washington..  312 


I'AC.I-.. 

Mendenhall,  (leorge     314 

Moore,  Ivlward  iiticknam..  .   319 

Moore,  Fli  Hardman 323 

Moore,  John  S 324 

Morris,  John 326 

Mowry,  Robert  Bruce 328 

North,  Alfred 329 

( >'l)onnell,  Dominick  A. . . .   330 

I'arsons,  John  William 332 

I'helps,  Jeremiah  Wilcox..  .  .    }3^ 

I'inkney,  Nininn 334 

Pollock,  Alex.  McCanilless. .  339 
Kathbone,  Joshua  Henry....  341 
Roberts,  Abel  Cummins. . .  .  342 
Robinson,  Matthew  Fullerton  344 

Ross,  James 345 

Russell,  John  Wadhams....   346 

Sayre,  David  Martin 349 

Scribner,  James  Williams. . .   350 

Shively,  Joseph  Warren 352 

Smith,  Francis  Gurney 353 

Stanley,  Elwood 355 

Stevens,  Luman  Seely 357 

Stille,  Alfred 358 

Storer,  Horatio  Robinson. . .  361 
.Stormont,  David  Wasson.. .  .   373 

Strong,  Thomas  Davis 374 

Sutton,  George 375 

Sutton,  Rhoifes  .Stansbury. . .   381 

Swett,  John  Langdon 38a 

Thomas,  Charles  Hermon. . .  384 

Thomas,  William 385 

Thompson,  George  N 386 

Thrall,  Seneca  Brown 386 

Toner,  Joseph  Meredith ....   388 

Townsend,  Richard  H 405 

Weatherly,  Job  Sobieski ....   406 

Williamson,  Jefferson 408 

Winston,  Gustavus  Slorrs. .  .  409 
Wise,  Theodore  Nathaniel..  410 
Wolcott,  Samuel  Gardner. . .   412 

Woodruff,  William 413 

Vandell,  David  W 414 

Zitzer,  J.  J 414 


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el. 


ADDRESS. 


Gentlemen  ok  the 

Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association: 
It  has  been  our  privilege  to  meet  this  year  in  the 
inland  metropolis  of  the  United  States,  the  city  of 
Chicago,  one  of  the  greatest  marvels  presented  in  his- 
tory. Located  but  half  a  century  ago,  deep  within  the 
western  wilds,  on  the  hunting-grounds  of  the  red  man, 
not  only  in  its  sudden  rise  and  commercial  importance 
did  it  -seem  more  like  enchantment  than  the  work  of 
man,  but  when  a  mighty  conflagration  had  almost  ex- 
tinguished its  early  greatness,  rising  Thcenix-like  from 
its  ashes,  it  has  shown  even  more  conclusively  in  its 
restoration  and  increased  grandeur  the  irresistible 
energy  and  enterprise  of  its  people,*     It  is  fitting  at 

*The  first  United  States  military  post  was  established  at  Chicago 
in  1804.  Settlers  began  to  locale  around  the  fort  shortly  after  the 
close  of  the  war  of  1 812. 

The  city  of  Chicago  was  incorporated  in  1837.  Its  population  had 
reached  298,977  in  1870.  The  most  disastrous  conflagration  of  mod- 
ern times  look  place  there  on  the  8th  and  gih  of  October,  1871.  The 
fire  fiend  raged  uncontrolled  for  thirty-six  hours,  in  the  heart  of  the 
city,  and  burned  over  2,124  "cres,  equal  to  nearly  three  and  one-third 
square  miles— destroying  17.45°  buildings,  the  homes  and  possession* 
of  98,500 people.  Property  to  the  valueof  J!  196,000,000  was  destroyed. 
Relief  sent  to  the  sufferers  from  all  parts  of  the  world  exceeded 
$7,000,000,  and  3,000  temporary  buildings  were  erected  by  the  relief 
committee  to  shelter  the  homeless,  who  were  supplied  with  food  by  the 

(7) 


^'' 


8 


TONKR  S    AnORKSS. 


the  bct;innin{j  of  the  sccomi  ccnuiry  of  our  national 
indtpondcncc  that  this  city,  so  typical  of  American 
progress,  and  at  the  same  time  the  adopted  home  of 
the  Father*  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
should  be  the  meetinj^-ijlace  of  the  society  which  he 
orij^inated,  and  which  he  has  watched  over  with  such 
rare  fidelity  and  judf^nnent,  until  it  has  become  a  beacon 
that  may  {;uide  and  ethically  enlijjhten  every  physician 
of  the  country  who  desires  to  earn  honorable  distinc- 
tion and  promote  the  dignity  of  the  profession. 

The  organization  which  assembles  us  this  evening 
is,  as  you  know,  an  emanation  of  the  heart,  and  is  alone 
social  and  memorial  in  its  purpose,  and  owes  its  exist- 
ence to  the  friendships  formed  among  the  physicians 
residing  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  who  in  1 871 
attended  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation in  the  city  of  S.in  Francisco. 

We  had  often  read  and  heard  the  expression,  "  from 
the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,"  when  it  was  desired 
to  emphasize  the  extent  and  resources  of  our  country. 
On  that  occasion  we  realized  the  import  of  this  expres- 
sion, but  never  until  then  did  we  comprehend  it  in  its 
fullness.  To  most  of  us,  bu.sy,  hard-worked  physicians, 
the  rest  of  a  month  or  more  from  professional  duties, 
with  an  opportunity  for  even  a  casual  inspection  of 
some  of  the  more  notable  topographical  features  of  the 
United  States,  such  as  its  great  mountain  ranges,  its 
water-courses,   and   particularly  its    extensive   table- 

autliorities.  The  city  has  now  entirely  recovered,  has  a  larger  trade 
than  ever,  and  many  millions  more  of  assessed  property  than  before 
the  fire. 

*N.  S.  Davis,  M.  D. 


-a>ss«8wawSB 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  g 

lands,  was  a  circumstance  of  interest.     I'rom  tlie  At- 
lantic coast,  across  tlie  Alle^'liany  Mountains,  until  we 
reached  Chica^'o.  the  eye  was  cliielly  employed  in  ob- 
scrvinj,'   the    improvement   in   af^ricultural  and  rural 
residences,  the  {growth  of  villages,  and  the  founding 
of  prosperous  towns  and  cities.     From  Chicago  to  the 
crossing  of  the  Missouri  River,  at  Council  Bluffs,  the 
broad  prairies,  the  numerous  water-courses,  the  busy 
mills,  the  growing  towns,  the  opening  farms  and  new 
settlements,  commanded  our  utmost  attention.    Up  the 
Platte  River  from  Omaha,  across  the  Rocky  and  tlij 
Wahsatch    Mountains,  through    the    Weber    Canon, 
traversing  the  valleys    of  Utah  and   the   Humboldt*, 
through  many  tunnels,  across  numerous  bridges,  and 
under  miles  of  snow-sheds,  and  over  the  Sierra  Nevada 
range,  before  entering  the  valley  of  the   .Sacramento 
—throughout   all   this  journey  the   works   of   man, 
though  considerable,  seemed  insignificant,  when  com- 
pared with  the  broad  expanse  of  unoccupied  country 
spread  out  on  all  sides  to  a  seemingly  boundless  ex- 
tent.    From  the  city  of  Sacramento  to  San  Francisco 
new  settlements  were  constantly  in  view,  and  much  of 
the  land  was  under  cultivation. 

In  California,  a  community  but  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury old,  we  met  resident  brethren  of  high  culture  and 
marked  professional  ability,  and  we  found  medical 
institutions,  which  though  young,  yet,  through  the 
talent  and  energy  brought  to  their  support,  might 
well  bear  comparison  with  those  of  similar  character 
in  the  older  States  of  the  Union.  There,  too,  we  met 
confreres  from  twenty-four  States  and  Territories  lying 
east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  all  were  welcomed 


!llh      ^ 


IQ  toner's  address. 

as  friends  by  the  warm-hearted  and  generous  physicians 
of  California.  . 

To  those  who  had  traveled  but  Uttle,  the  extent  of 
unoccupied  territory  traversed  in  crossing  the  conti- 
nent was  truly  surprising.  Fortunately,  the  journey 
was  not  only  performed  in  luxurious  palace-cars,  but 
it  was  made  without  interruption  or  accident,  and  m 
the  company  of  cultivated  persons,  thus  giving  ample 
leisure  to  make  observations  and  to  exchange  views 
and  reflections.  The  tcdiousness  which  ordinarily 
attends  such  a  journey  was  in  this  instance  entirely 
absent,  owing  to  the  presence  of  so  many  charming 
ladies,  the  wives  and  daughters  of  physicians.  I  but 
express  the  general  sentiment  when  I  acknowledge 
our  great  indebtedness  to  the  ladies  for  much  of  the 
pleasure  of  the  trip.* ^ 

*AU  0^  ladies  w^o  accompanied  physicians  to  California  have 
been  accepted  as  honorary  members  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Medical 
Association.  A  few  gentlemen,  not  physicians,  who  traveled  m  com- 
pany  wilhus  were  also  accepted  as  honorary  members.  'Ihe  fo  low- 
ina  list  contains  the  names  and  residences  of  most,  if  not  all,  the 
ladies.     If  any  have  been  omitted,  it  has  occurred  from  inadvertence 

or  want  of  data. 
AUman,  Mrs.  Mary,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  accompanied  by  Dr.  J. 

Frissell.  ....  t\, 

Atkinson,  Mrs.,  of  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  accompanied  by  her  son,  Ur. 

W.  B.  Atkinson. 

Atlee,  Miss  M.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  accompanied  by  her  father,  Ur. 

W.  1-.  Atlee.  .  J  ■      V      v..= 

Brown,  Mrs.  R.,  of  Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  accompanied  by  her  hus- 
band. Dr.  B.  S.  Brown. 

Catlin,  Mrs.  A.  D.,  of  West  Meriden,  Conn.,  accompanied  by  the 

husband.  Dr.  B.  H.  Catlin. 

Cooper,  Mrs.  A.  A.,  accompanied  by  her  father.  Dr.  J.  W.  Russell 
Courtenay,  Mrs.,  and  two  daughters.  Miss   Nellie  and  Miss  Emma, 

of  Louisville,  Ky.,  accompanied  by  Dr.  D.  W.  Yandell. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


It 


physicians 

:  extent  of 
the  conti- 
10  journey 
e-cars,  but 
Mit,  and  in 
/ing  ample 
inge  views 
ordinarily 
ce  entirely 
•  charming 
ms.  I  but 
knowledge 
uch  of  the 

California  have 
ntain  Medical 
iveled  in  com- 
The  follow- 
if  not  all,  the 
1  inadvertence 

nied  by  Dr.  J. 

ly  her  son,  Dr. 

her  father,  Dr. 

;d  by  her  hus- 

ipanied  by  the 

.  J.  W.  Russell 
id  Miss  Emma, 
11. 


The  meeting  of  the  Medical  Association  was  well 
attended,  and  the  business  brought  before  it  duly  con- 
Crook,  Mrs.  (ienerni,  accompanied  by  Dr.  J.  Frissell, 

Deleplane,  Mrs.  L.  S.,  and  daughter,  Miss  K.,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va., 
accompanied  by  Dr.  J.  Frissell. 

Denig,  Mrs.  L.  B.,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  accompanied  by  her  husband, 
R.  M.  Denig. 

Donohoe,  Mrs.,  of  Sandusky,  Ohio,  accompanied  l)y  her  husband. 
Dr.  II.  J.  Donohoe. 

El'iston,  Miss  Lezinka,  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  accompanied  by  Dr.  I). 
W.  Yandell, 

Epler,  Mrs,  H.  L.,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  accompanied  by  her  father, 
Dr.  A.  H.  Agard. 

Frissell,  Mrs.,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  accompanied  by  her  husband, 
Dr.  J.  Frissell. 

Golding,  Mrs.  A.  J.,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  accompanied  by  her  husband. 
Dr.  W.  S.  Golding. 

Grub,  Mrs.  J.,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va., accompanied  by  Dr.  J.  Frissell. 

Helm,  Mrs.  M.,and  daughter,  Miss  Maud,  of  Peru,  Ind.,  accompa- 
nied by  her  husband,  Dr.  J.  H.  Helm. 

Hibbard,  Mrs.  E.  M.,  of  Richmond,  Ind.,  accompanied  by  her  hus- 
band. Dr.  J.  F.  Hibbard. 

Hughes,  Mrs.  A.  T.,  of  Keokuk,  Iowa,  accompanied  by  her  hus- 
band, Dr.  J.  C.  Hughes. 

Ives,  Mrs.  B.  W.,  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  accompanied  by  her  hus- 
band. Dr.  C.  L.  Ives. 

Jarvis,  Miss  Mary,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  accompanied  by  Dr.  D.  W. 
Yandell. 

King,  Mrs.,  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  accompanied  by  her  husband.  Dr. 
George  A.  King. 

King,  Miss  Ann,  of  Pittsburhg,  Pa.,  accompanied  by  her  father.  Dr. 
J.  King. 

McArthur,  Mrs.,  of  Rockford,  III.,  accompanied  by  her  husband.  Dr. 
A.  L.  McArthur. 

McMeans,  Mrs.  A.  C,  of  Sjindusky,  Ohio,  accompanied  by  Dr.  K.  J. 
Donohoe. 

Mendenhall,  Mrs.  E.,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  accompanied  by  her 
husband.  Dr.  G.  Mendenhall. 


:"iiiiiiifti)j(iiim 


12 


TONERS   ADDRESS. 


sidered  and  disposed  of,  in  the  allotted  four  days.  The 
nienibeis  were  in  the  meantime  entertained  in  the 
most  hospitable  hianner,  both  by  the  profession  and  by 
private  citizens.     The  main  purpose  of  our  visit  to  the 

Moore,  Mrs.  S.  A.,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  accompanied  by  her  husband, 
Dr.  J.  S.  Moore. 

Moorhead,  Miss  Jenn-e,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  accompanied  by  Dr.  J. 
King. 

Morris,  Mrs.  C.  C,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  accompanied  by  her  husband, 
Dr.  J.  Morris. 

O'Donnell,  Mrs.  S.  E.,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  accompanied  by  her  hus. 
band.  Dr.  D.  A.  O'Donnell. 

Roberts,  Mrs.,  of  Fort  Mad'son,  Iowa,  accompanied  by  her  husband. 
Dr.  A.  C.  Roberts. 

Rogers,  Miss  Maggie,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  accompanied  by  Dr.  J. 
Frissell. 

Smith,  Miss,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  accompanied  by  her  father.  Dr. 
V.  G.  Smith. 

Stanley,  Mrs.  L.  A.,  of  Sandusky,  Ohio,  accompanied  by  her  hus- 
band. Dr.  E.  Stanley. 

Stevens,  Mrs.  L.  R.,  of  Three  Rivers,  Mich.,  accompanied  by  her 
husband.  Dr.  S.  L.  Stevens. 

Stormant,  Mrs.  Jane  Cree,  of  Topeka,  Kans.,  accompanied  by  her 
husband,  Dr.  D.  \V.  Stormant. 

Svvett,  Mrs.  R.,  of  Newport,  N.  II.,  accompanied  by  her  husband, 
Dr.  J.  L.  Swelt. 

Thomas,  Mrs.  F.,  of  Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  accompanied  by  her  hus- 
band. Dr.  W.  Thomas. 

Thompson,  Miss  W.,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  accompanied  by  Dr.  D.  W. 
Yandell. 

Wise,  Mrs.  K.  B.,  of  Covington,  Ky.,  accompanied  by  her  husband. 
Dr.  T.  N.  Wise. 

Yandell,  Mrs.,  of  Louisville,  Ky., accompanied  by  her  husband.  Dr. 
D.  W.  Yandell. 

Hoffman,  C.  J.,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Johnson,  James  L.,  son  of  Dr.  J.  B  Johnson,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Mendenhall,  Lawrence,  son  of  Dr.  Geo.  Mendenhall,  of  Cincinnati. 

Smith,  Dr.  Joseph  A.  and  wife,  of  Fort  Madison,  Iowa. 

White,  J.  P.,  Jr.,  Esq.,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


13 


Pacific  was  thus  happily  concluded;  but,  cherishing  a 
lively  recollection  of  the  friendships  formed  on  the 
journey  and  during  our  sojourn,  the  desire  was  spon- 
taneous and  irresistible  among  the  physicians  from  the 
East  to  take  some  measure  for  perpetuating  a  remem- 
brance of  the  occasion  as  long  as  any  of  us,  the  par- 
ticipants, might  survive.  Thus  was  formed  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Medical  Association.* 

As  the  membership  is  limited  to  the  physicians  who 
actually  crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  attend  the 
National  Medical  Convention  in  May,  1871,  it  is  evi- 

*  The  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association  originally  consisted  of 
123  members.  Of  these  19  are  now  deceased.  The  greatest  age  at- 
tained by  any  deceased  member  was  74  years.  The  youngest  was,  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  32.  The  average  age  of  the  19  deoeaseJ  is  58 
years.  Of  those  living,  the  oldest  is  76  and  the  youngest  31  years. 
Of  the  99  living  members  whose  ages  have  been  ascertained,  the  aver- 
age  is  53 -|-  years.     Five  members  have  not  responded  to  inquiries. 

The  members  represent  graduates  from  25  American  medical  col- 
leges; of  whom  Jefferson  Medical  College  claims  19;  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  16;  the  College  of  Physicians  and  .Surgeons  of  New 
York,  9;  theOhio  Medical  College,  8;  University  of  New  York,  7; 
the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  7  ;  Harvard,  6,  and  the  Rush  Medical 
College,  6 ;  the  other  colleges,  five  or  below. 

The  States  furnished  delegates  as  follows  ;  Alabama,  I  ;  Colorado, 
3;  Connecticut,  7  ;  Delaware,  I;  District  of  Columbia,  i  ;  Illinois,  9; 
Indiana,  8;  Iowa,  4  :  Kansjis,  l  ;  Kentucky,  3  ;  Maryland,  2;  Massa- 
chusetts, 4;  Michigan,  4;  Missouri,  4;  Minnesota,  4;  Nebraska,  I  ; 
New  Hampshire,  2;  New  Jersey,  3;  New  York,  13;  Ohio,  18; 
Pennsylvania,  21;  Rhode  Island,  2;  Vermont,  2  ;  West  Virginia,  4  ; 
Wisconsin,  2. 

The  birthplace  of  the  ii  8  members  has  been  ascertained:  Connecti- 
cut, 8;  Georgia,  I ;  Illinois,  3;  Indiana,  2;  Kentucky,  I  ;  Maryland, 
2;  Masstchusetts,  8;  North  Carolina,  4;  New  Hampshire,  4;  New 
Jersey,  4;  New  York,  18;  Ohio,  13;  Pennsylvania,  30 ;  Rhode  Isl- 
and, I  ;  Tennessee,  3 ;  Vermont,  7  ;  Virginia,  3 ;  South  Carolina,  l  ; 
Austria,  I ;  Germany,  i  ;  England,  2  ;  Ireland,  i.     Not  learned,  5. 


/'• ' 


■ilirriitini 


H 


TONEKS   ADDRESS. 


Ml 


'    ■   ! 


;, ! 


dent  that,  in  the  natural  order  of  things,  our  numbers 
must  gradually  decrease,  and  ere  many  years  the  y\s- 
sociation  will  cease  to  exist,  except  in  history.  Already 
nearly  one-seventh  of  the  original  number  have  been 
translated  to  another  sphere  of  existence.* 

*  While  it  is  true  that  a  few  of  our  mcmhers  are  now  in  the  May- 
day of  life,  yet  the  niajority  have  passed  their  meridian,  and  a  few  are 
well  up  in  the  seventies.  I  am  happy  to  say,  however,  that  from  a 
recent  correspondence  with  them  I  am  enabled  to  state  that,  with  l)ut 
very  few  exceptions,  they  are  all  in  the  enjoyment  of  as  good  health 
.ind  surrounded  hy  as  many  of  the  comforts  of  this  world  as  could  be 
reasonably  expected. 

In  compliance  wi'.h  the  expressed  wish  of  the  Association  at  our 
las'  meeting,  I  have  cr'lected  data  and  prepared  biographical  sketches 
of  as  many  of  our  i:;^  members  as  I  could.  Circulars  were  addressed 
to  all,  but  some  have  not  responded,  possibly  because  the  letters  did 
not  reach  them,  as  the  address  of  four  is  not  known.  The  biographies 
will  follow  the  address  and  be  arranged  in  alphabetical  order. 

The  following  is  a  list  (June  6th,  1877)  of  the  names  of  our  deceased 
members : 

Ames,  Alfred  Klisha,  died  September  2J,  1874,  xt.  60. 

Armsby,  James  li.,  died  December  3,  1875,  xt.  66. 

ISibb,  George  Richard,  died  June  28,  1874,  xl.  32.  • 

Brown,  Henj.  Stanton,  died  December  19,  1875,  '>■"'■  73- 

Collins,  G.  I,.,*  died  August  25,  1877,  xt.  56. 

Crist,  David  Levi,  died  March  18,  1875,  x[.  58. 

Cummins,  Robert  Hazlett,  died  April  I2,  1873,  ivt.  56. 

Curtis,  Edward  M.,  died  May  12,  1874,  ;vt.  34. 

De  Bruler,  James  P.,  died  August  12,  1874,  xt.  57. 

Hill,  N.  H.,  died  February  5,  1875,  xl.  58. 

Jackson,  John  Davies,  died  December  8,  1875,  xt.  41. 

Jones,  A.  B.,  died  October  15,  1876,  xt.  47. 

Kane,  Edward,  died  January  21,  1875,  let.  74. 

Men.lenhall,  George,  died  June  4,  1874,  ret.  60. 

Moore,  E.  B.,  died  September  16,  1874,  at.  73. 

O'Donnell,  Dominick  A.,  died  August  26,  1874,  xl.  65. 

Robinson,  M.  F.,  died  July  7,  1874,  a:t.  54. 

•  Dr.  Collins,  it  will  be  observed,  died  since  this  address  was  dt:li>eri:d. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


IS 


At  our  last  meeting  I  was  chosen  your  President, 
an  honor  which  imposed  the  duty  to  address  you  on 
this  occasion. 

The  selection  of  a  subject  worthy  of  your  attention 
has  caused  me  solicitude:  and  in  the  choice  of  a 
theme,  1  found  myself  almost  involuntarily  led  to  con- 
sider some  of  the  problems  discussed  with  my  com- 
panions when  crossing  the  great  American  plams. 
While  we  traveled  for  days  through  an  uninhabited 
country,  the  mind  was  almost  compelled  to  a  retro- 
spection, and  to  ponder  over  the  existence  of  these 
immense  interior  plateaus  and  the  fact  of  their  being 
nearly  destitute  of  population,  of  timber,  and  in  a  great 
degree  of  birds  and  animals.  Was  it  always  so? 
Were  these  vast  regions  always  so  poorly  supplied 
with  animal  life?  I  think  not.  The  testimony  of  the 
scientists  who  have  examined  the  country  is  that  ample 
evidence  exists  that  at  some  remote  period  it  had  a 
numerous  flora  and  fauna,  which  no  longer  exists 
and  which  possibly  included  man.  With  the  aid  of 
the  imagination  and  with  the  light  of  recent  discov- 
eries, the  attempt  in  fancy  to  review  the  great  dead 
past,  and  by  these  means  to  repeople  North  America 
with  its  long-departed  inhabitants,  was  on  that  occa- 
sion a  most  agreeable  pastime. 

I  am  aware  that  a  scientific  discussion  of  the  subject 
would  require  me  to  treat  of  the  animals  and  plants  in 
the  order  of  their  appearance,  to  be  deduced  from  geo- 
logical evidences.     As  plants  preceded  animals,  so  ani- 


Sayer,  D.  M.,  died  August  3,  1876,  net.  69. 
Thomas,  William,  died  April  2,  1875,  a;t.  70. 
Average  age  of  deceased,  58  years. 


i6 


TONERS   ADPKESS. 


«;: 


mals  preceded  man.  But  possessing  neither  the  ability 
nor  the  time  for  so  systematica  study,  I  will  commence 
with  the  Indian  of  North  America,  who  to  most  of  us 
is  only  known  from  what  we  glean  of  him  through  a 
casual  perusal  of  history.  An  opportunity  was  now 
afforded  us  of  .seeing  something  of  this  race  on  its 
native  soil,  with  habits  but  little  altered  by  association 
with  the  whites,  as,  dre-ssed  in  their  wild  costume,  they 
congregated  about  the  railroad  stations,  or  were  en- 
camped  along  the  streams  in  view  from  the  train. 
Naturally  enough  the  inquiry  was  suggested  to  us,  as 
it  had  often  been  to  others,  are  the  Indians  a  type  of  a 
primitive  race  who,  if  left  to  themselves,  in  time  would 
have  developed  and  become  familiar  with  the  arts  and 
appliances  which  .so  di.stinguish,  if  they  do  not  consti- 
tute, civilization?  Or  must  we  view  the  Indian  as 
having  once  belonged  to  a  civilized  race  which  has 
from  some  cause  degenerated  into  the  savage  state  in 
which  we  find  it?* 

An  examination  of  the  data  for  opinions  on  this  sub- 
ject shows  us  that  the  majority  of  the  tribes  and  nations 
of  the  earth  were,  in  the  dawn  of  history,  in  a  condi- 
tion of  savagery  or  barbarism.  This  view  accords  with 
the  more  recent  discoveries,  and  renders  it  very  proba- 
ble that  all  races,  nations,  and  peoples  were  in  their  be- 
ginning in  a  state  of  savagery,  without  articulate  lan- 
guage or  a  knowledge  of  any  of  the  arts,  or  even  the 
use  of  fire.f 


a 
a 
t 
a 
s 

V 

c 

s 

t 

s 
I 
s 
c 
e 
I 
t 
( 
( 

t 

t 


*This  theory  is  maintained  by  Archbishop  Whately  and  those  who 
view  the  subject  from  a  purely  theological  and  traditionary  stand-point. 

t  See  the  worlds  of  Morgan,  Lyell,  Lul)bock,  Baldwin,  Rau,  and 
others. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEOICAI.   ASSOCIATION. 


•7 


:  ability 
imence 
>t  of  us 
ough  a 
IS  now 
-•  on  its 
•ciation 
le,  they 
ere  en- 
;  train. 
)  us,  as 
pe  of  a 
would 
rts  and 
consti- 
lian  as 
ch  has 
>tatc  in 

lis  sub- 
nations 
condi- 
is  with 
proba- 
eir  be- 
te lan- 
en  the 


ose  who 
id-point, 
lau,  and 


The  creation  of  a  language  to  express  ideas  and  the 
acquisition  of  a  knowledge  of  how  to  make  implements 
and  use  fire,  no  doubt  required  many  ages.  Although 
the  study  of  archaeology  is  comparatively  new,  it  has 
already  done  much  to  dissipate  certain  doubts  and 
supply  links  in  the  evidence  of  man's  condition  in  the 
world  in  prehistoric  times. 

You  are  aware  that  one  of  the  most  embarrassing 
obstacles  to  the  proper  investigation  of  the  age  of  the 
world  and  the  antiquity  of  man  has  been  the  traditional 
scriptural  account  of  the  creation  of  the  world  in  six 
terrestrial  days,  together  with  a  chronology  of  about 
six  thousand  years.  This  dogmatic,  though  I  believe 
unauthorized,  interpretation  has  greatly  hampered  the 
student,  for  every  conscientious  man  hesitates  to  adopt 
or  maintain  views,  though  based  on  facts,  which  have 
even  the  semblance  of  a  conflict  with  settled  religious 
beliefs.  Many  able  scientists,  by  giving  a  liberal  in- 
terpretation to  the  Scriptures,  understand  the  periods 
of  time  commonly  designated  "days"  to  be  really  eons 
of  indefinite  duration. 

The  Christian  Church,  which  has  established  so 
many  dogmas,  has  not  decided  that  the  day  men- 
tioned in  Genesis  meant  twenty-four  hours,  nor  has  it 
fixed  a  date  when  man  was  created  and  placed  upon 
the  earth.*  I  might  readily  cite  the  names  of  many 
learned  clergymen,  of  different  denominations,  who  are 
greatly  interested  in  the  investigation  of  cosmical  laws 

*  Mgr.  Mignofi,  Bishop  of  Chalons-sur-Marne,  is  one  of  the  best  in- 
formed ethnologists  and  most  enthusiastic  cultivators  of  the  sciences  of 
ethnology  and  archaeology  in  France,  and  hence  it  may  leadily  be  in- 
ferred that  such  studies  do  not  trench  upon  orthodox  doctrines. 
.(Figuier,  p.  2.) 


1 8 


tonkr's  addkess. 


which  demand  a  much  higher  antiquity  for  tlie  world 
th.an  biblical  scholars  have  been  assigning  to  it.  In 
the  absence  of  specific  revelation  on  the  subject  of  the 
age  of  the  earth,  and  the  time  of  the  first  appearance 
of  man  on  it,  such  questions  are  properly  within  the 
domain  of  scientific  inquiry,  and  therefore  all  discov- 
ered facts  in  any  wise  bearing  upon  them  should  be 
presented  to  the  public  and  discussed  in  a  philosophic 
spirit,  free  from  bias  or  preconceived  notions. 

The  geologist  in  studying  the  rocks  that  compose 
the  earth's  crust  recognizes  their  component  parts  and 
the  organic  forms  embedded  in  them,  and  by  such  facts 
determines  their  relative  position  and  their  ages.  The 
remains  of  man  and  his  works  found  in  the  rocks,  or 
buried  in  the  earth,  must  be  judged  by  the  same  rules 
as  those  which  apply  to  the  remains  of  plants  or  ani- 
mals. Fossils  and  implements  are  the  medals  of  great 
epochs  in  the  earth's  hi.story.  When  once  the  consent 
of  theologians  to  go  beyond  the  traditional  chronology 
of  creation  becomes  general,  cosmographers  will  have 
less  difficulty  in  tracing  the  evolution  of  the  globe  that 
we  inhabit  and  calculating  the  period  required  to  pre- 
pare it  for  supporting  animal  life.* 

*  It  may  not  be  amiss  to  present  a  few  of  the  reasons  which  estab- 
lish in  the  minds  of  competent  physicists  a  lielief  in  the  great  antiquity 
of  the  earth.  Sir  William  Thompson,  in  the  Philosophical  Magazine 
for  1863,  has  calculated  the  probable  age  of  the  crust  of  the  earth  at 
98,000,000  years,  which  only  comprehends  the  geological  history 
of  the  globe.  The  astronomer  Laplace,  in  his  Nebular  Theory  of  the 
Cosmogony  of  the  Universe,  as  presented  in  an  admirable  paper  by 
Prof.  S.  Newcomb  before  the  Philosophical  Society  of  Washington, 
starts  with  the  hypothesis  that  there  was  probably  a  time  when  the 
sun  with  its  atmosphere  occupied  all  the  space  of  the  solar  system. 
That  in  its  revolutions,  and  by  the  radiation  of  its  heat  into  space,  it 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


J9 


ic  world 
}  it.  In 
:t  of  the 
)earance 
thin  the 
tliscov- 
lould  be 
losophic 

:ompose 
arts  and 
ich  facts 
s.  The 
ocks,  or 
nc  rules 

or  ani- 
af  great 
consent 
snology 
'ill  have 
obc  that 

to  pre- 


ich  estal)- 
:  antiquity 
Magazine 
e  earth  at 
\\  history 
Dry  of  the 
paper  by 
ishtngion, 
when  the 
ir  system. 
>  space,  it 


No  science  comprehensive  in  its  scope  and  capable 
of  progress  can  reasonably  'hope  to  escape  contests 

condensed  its  atmosphere  at  the  surface  from  nebulous  mailer, 
which  ngRregnted  first  into  bands  and  then  into  isolated  spheres,  thus 
commencing  the  formation  of  new  revolving  suns  and  planets.  It  is 
supposed  the  earth  and  all  the  other  planets  were  in  lime  thrown  ofTfrom 
the  sun's  surface  into  space  to  revolve  as  independent  bodies  in  defined 
orbits.  There  was  in  thi..  theory  a  period  when,  in  the  lan^u-iKe  of 
the  llible,  "  the  earth  was  without  form  and  void."  In  the  consider- 
ation of  such  a  problem  we  are  compelled  to  estimate  measures  ol  ime 
or  eons  stretching  so  far  back  into  eternity  as  to  be  incomprehensible 
to  man.  Calculations  as  to  the  time  recjuired  for  the  condens.ition  of 
the  sun's  original  atmosphere  and  the  radiation  of  its  heat  into  space, 
have  also  been  made  by  Sir  William  Thompson,  showing  that  it  must 
have  required  millions  upon  millions  of  years.  One  of  these  estimates 
is  put  down  at  500,000,000  years.  The  hypothesis  tl1.1t  the  earth 
p.assed  in  its  process  of  cond.-nsalion  froiA  a  gas  to  a  semi-fluid  molten 
mass,  and  that  it  is  still  liquid  toward  the  center  and  is  gradually  cool- 
ing, is  generally  accepted.  Professor  Haughton,  in  a  lecture  on  geol- 
ogy, estimates  that  it  recpiircd  350,000,000  yeais  for  the  earth  to  cool 
from  2,000°  to  200°  centigrade ;  that  the  time  re(iuiied  for  cooling  from 
212°  (temperature  of  boiling  w.tter)  to  122°  Fahrenheit  (at  which  or- 
ganic life  is  possible)  would  require  1,018,000,000  years,  and  th.it  it 
wouiil  require  1,280,000,000  years  to  cool  from  122°  F.  to  77°  1*. 
(Pre-(Jlacial  Man,  by  J.  S.  Moor,  p.  7.) 

As  a  further  illustration  of  the  subject,  I  present  the  chemical  theory 
of  the  formation  of  our  globe  out  of  the  sixty-four  elements,  supposed 
by  Laplace  to  have  been  thrown  off  from  the  surface  of  the  sun,  in  a 
state  of  vapor,  at  a  high  degree  of  heat.  This  abstract  is  arranged  from 
views  of  Lockyer,  Metscherlich,  Daubree,  and  T.  Sterry  Hunt,  but  more 
particularly  from  the  recent  able  presentation  of  the  subject  before  the 
Washington  Philosophical  Society,  by  Dr.  Thomas  Antiseil.  It  has 
been  estimated  that  the  temperature  of  the  incandescent  atmosphere 
when  it  left  the  sun  had  a  heat  of  at  least  22,000°  centigrade.  A 
degree  of  heat  such  as  this  was  .sulTicient  to  vapori/.c  all  the  elements 
composing  the  earth  and  keep  them  in  a  gaseous  state.  All  molecules 
and  substances  of  every  kind  were  thus  held  in  a  condition  of  disso- 
ciation, and  no  solid  could  form  until  the  temperature  had  fallen  to  or 
below  2,500°,     The  time  required  for  the  cooling  of  the  primal  atmos- 


/!' 


m 


20  TONEK  S   ADDKRSS. 

with  olil  and  cliorishcci  views  that  have  actiuircd  gen- 
eral   acceptance.     Althoiijjh    the   late   discoveries    in 

phere  no  douht  rci|uirecl  many  centuries.  Gravitation  would  cause 
the  lieavirr  molccule.i  to  sink  down  to  nlower  Rtrnta  of  Ihentmnsphere 
in  whic'li  llicy  were  su'<pcn<led,  nnd  whenever  they  rt-ached  a  temper- 
nliire  where  repulsion  censed,  nnd  clieiniial  at'linities  could  act,  com- 
hinations  would  naturally  be  formed.  And,  as  mi^ht  Ite  expected, 
elements  in  the  greatest  abundance,  and  which  unite  at  the  highest 
heat,  would  first  form  compounds  and  he  deposited  as  a  sort  of  crust 
ujion  the  surface  of  the  glowing  nnd  incandescent  molten  mass  heluw, 
which  Ijcgan  to  form  the  solid  surface  of  the  earth. 

Neither  carbon,  sulphur,  nor  phosjjhorus,  could  combine  at  such 
high  temperature.  It  is  therefore  probable  that  silicon  with  oxygen, 
and  hydrogen  with  oxygen,  which  unite  at  high  temperatures,  would  be 
the  first  combining  elements.  These  substances,  too,  are  so  abundant 
as  to  form  about  sevcnly-five  one-bundredths  of  the  crust  of  the  globe. 
The  metals  aluminium  and  potassium  would  pr  cbably  foinUhe  first 
combinations  among  the  metalloids.  It  is  not  probable  that  any  of 
the  original  chemical  unions  now  exist,  but  that  all  our  rocks,  min- 
erals, and  earths  are  the  result  of  metamorpbic  nnd  erosive  action. 

The  atmosphere  during  the  early  age  of  the  earth,  it  is  sup|H)sed, 
was  many  times  heavier,  and  of  a  highly  acid  cliarncter,  which  must 
have  had,  under  the  influence  of  heat,  a  formidable  dissolving  power. 
Oxygen,  which  forms  about  one-fifth  of  the  whole  volume  of  the  atmos- 
phere, was,  during  the  cosmical  period,  in  a  much  larger  proportion,  as 
it  forms  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  solid  substance  of  the  entire  globe.  The 
tendency  is  constant  in  the  economy  of  nature  to  rob  the  atmosphere 
of  its  oxygen  and  to  fix  it  in  new  forms,  as  rocks,  minerals,  and  other 
solids  of  the  earth.  Liquid  water  could  be  formed  only  after  the  tem- 
perature of  the  atmosphere  had  fallen  below  212°  f'ahrenheit.  The 
changes  that  had  yet  to  take  place  in  the  lowering  of  temperature,  the 
purification  of  the  water,  and  the  metamorphosis  of  the  rocks  and 
their  disentcgration  into  soils  before  life  was  possible,  no  doubt  re- 
quired many  ages. 

It  has  been  more  my  purpose  to  hint  at  these  great  cosmical  epochs 
and  changes  than  to  present  them  in  detail.  I  am  persuaded  that  no 
attentive  student  of  the  form  and  constitution  of  our  globe  will  fail  to 
recognize  the  fact  that  it  has  been  a  thing  of  slow  growth  and  has  under- 
gone many  changes.      Nor  can  any  one  contemplate  the  plan  of  the 


h 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEniCAI.   ASSOCIATION. 


21 


■c(I  jjcn- 
urics   in 

inld  cause 
Imosphere 
a  temper- 
act,  corn- 
expected, 
le  hi(jhest 
It  of  crust 
IKS  beluw, 

e  nt  such 
li  oxygen, 
,  would  lie 
aliuiulnnt 
the  glolie. 
n'.llie  first 
ml  nny  of 
cks,  min- 
icliun. 
supfwsed, 
lich  must 
i|»  power, 
he  ntuios- 
lortion,  as 
obe.  The 
mosphere 
and  other 
r  the  tern- 
eit.  The 
ature,  the 
'ocks  and 
doubt  re- 
al epochs 
;d  that  no 
viU  fail  tn 
lasunder- 
in  of  the 


arcluL'oloKy  and  tlic  tlcductions  from  cosniical  laws 
have  met  with  some  opposition,  they  have  ncverthijless 
gained  a  fuller  recoi;nitio!i  than  could  reasonably  have 
been  expected. 

That  there  was  a  time  in  the  history  of  our  planet 
when  it  received  no  radiated  lij^ht,  is  probable.    If  this 
hypothesis  be  true,  it  follows  that  under  such  condi- 
tions it  was  impossible  for  cither  vegetable  or  animal 
life  to  exist  upon  it.     lUit  after  eons  of  time  had  pre- 
pared at  least  portions  of  the  earth  for  the  reception  of 
living  things,  there  were  localities,  in  the  region  of  the 
poles,  and  even  in  the  zones  now  called  temperate, 
where  no  life  existed,  or  could  exist,  on  account  of  the 
intense  cold.    To  the  varying  eccentricity  of  the  earth's 
orbit  were  probably  due  the  cycles  of  extreme  heat 
and  cold  and  those  climatic  conditions  that  prevailed 
at  different  periods  of  the  past,  and  which  made  it  pos- 
sible for  animals  and  plants  requiring  a  tropical  tem- 
perature to  exist  in  localities  where  now  none  but 
those  of  an  arctic  climate  are  to  be  found.     The  fact  is 
patent,  that  all  portions  of  the  earth  arc  not,  and  never 

universe  and  not  ^profoundly  impelled  to  admire  the  plan  of  the 
1  )ivine  Architect.  The  vastness  of  ethereal  space  with  its  suns,  planets, 
and  myriads  of  stars  all  traversing  their  endless  circuits  in  order  and 
harmony,  attest  the  power  and  wisdom  of  the  Almighty.  The  uni- 
verse, how  incomprehensible  is  the  teim !  It  implies  bounds  without 
limits,  and  all  the  works  of  the  infinite.  No  telescope  cm  ever  ex- 
plore the  vastness  of  stellar  space,  or  mind  conceive  of  its  wonders. 

Astronomers  tell  us  that  the  stars  comprising  some  of  the  nebuloe  are 
so  distant  that  light  traveling  with  the  usual  velocity  requires  700.000 
years  to  reach  the  earth,  and  that  the  view  we  get  is  not  their  appear- 
ance at  the  present  moment,  but  what  they  presented  700,000  years 
ago.  Many  other  and  perhaps  more  convincing  evidences  showing 
the  formation  and  antiquity  of  the  globe  might  be  given. 


29 


TONEK  S    ADDRKSS. 


iK'^ii 


were,  at  tin-  sanie  time  in  a  climatic  condition  to  sup- 
port  life,  llje  ,siibnurt,'eii(  i-  anil  re-enierj,'ence  to  which 
continents  have  been  subjected  in  jjeolojrical  times 
were  doubtless  dependent  in  .--ome  way  on  the  pre- 
viously alluded  to  varying,'  eccentric  ities  of  the  earth's 
orbit,  and  jxissibly  coincident  with  tlu-  extremes  of 
heat  and  ct)ld  whicli  produced  the  different  glacial 
epochs.* 

The  earliest  records  wc  have  of  the  human  race,  lo- 
cate its  i;enesis  in  Asia,  near  the  Tropic  of  Cancer,  antl 
nearly  on  a  parallel  with  the  most  ancient  civilisation 
known  to  history  on  the  American  continent.f 

The  belief  that  a  very  early  civilization,  possessing 
a  knowledge  of  the  arts  and  a  written  language,  existed 
in  Arabia,  Hindustan,  and  in  China,  is  becoming  a 
settled  conviction  among  scholars,  and  the  opinion  is 
also  held  that  there  were  other  early  nations  which  had 

*Ktlwar<l  lliichcock,  in  his  illustrations  of  surface  geology,  pub- 
lished in  the  Smillisoni.in  Contributions  to  Knowledfje,  says  (p;i(je 
86):  "VVc  may  ihcii  be  <|uitc  sure  of  at  least  three  depressions  of  the 
North  American  continent  beneath  and  an  equal  number  of  eleva- 
tions above  the  ocean,  since  the  fossiliferous  rocks  began  to  be 
formed." 

t  The  ruins  of  magnificent  cities  in  Central  America,  brought  prom- 
inently  to  the  knowledge  of  the  world  by  the  intelligent  labors  of  Mr. 
Stephens,  w.is  a  great  surprise  to  everybody,  and  particularly  to  those 
who  had  fixed  opinions  of  the  age  of  the  world  and  the  nations  and 
peoples  who  had  lived  upon  it,  based  on  biblical  chronology.  "Here 
was  a  spectacle,"  says  Mr.  Stephens,  speaking  of  Central  America, "  of 
a  people  skilled  in  architecture,  .sculpture,  and  drawing,  and  beyond 
doubt  other  more  perishable  arts,  possessing  the  cultivation  and  re- 
finement  attendant  upon  these,  and  not  derived  from  the  Old  World, 
but  developing  and  growing  up  here  without  models  or  m.isters 
having  a  distinctly  separate,  independent  existence,  like  plants  and 
fruits  to  the  soil  indigenous." 


aa 


to  siip- 
()  which 
il  titUf.s 
lie  prc- 
:  earth's 

LM1U?.S   of 

glacial 

race,  lo- 
cer,  and 
li/ation 


iscssmg 
existed 
miiifT  a 
in  ion  is 
ich  had 

Bjiy,  pub. 
lys  (pane 
ms  of  the 
of  ulevn> 
in   to   1)0 

;ht  prom- 
rs  of  Mr. 
'  to  those 
ions  nnd 
,  "Here 
erica,  "of 
I  i)eyon(l 
I  nnd  re- 
1  World, 
masters 
lants  and 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL    AS'^fKIATION.  23 

l^rown  old  and  <lropped  nut  of  all  tradition  or  liistor- 
ical  record  before  the  days  of  the  I'liaraohs.  l.vid.-nccs 
exist  to  show  that  North  America  was  probably  in  i 
physical  condition  to  support  aniiii  d  life  at  a.  arly  a 
period  as  Asia. 

Hilt  before  alluding,'  to  the  early  races  of  men,  and 
particularly  those  of  North  America,  let  me  make  a 
single  remark  on  its  geological  age,  and  then  trace  the 
earliest  evidences  of  man  in  America  and  inciilentally  in 
other  parts  of  the  world.     I  need  not  speak  of  the  pri- 
mary and  secondary  geological  perioil,  as  man  did  not 
then  exist,  nor  in  the  i)resent  inipiiry  does  the  whole 
Mcsozoicor  the  early  l'ala:ozoic  period  demand  much 
more  of  our  attenti.m.     Among  the  later  Tertiary  pe- 
riods M.  Desnoyers  iliscovered  in  the  chalk-pits  of  St. 
Prest,  which  belong  to  the  Tertiary  I'lioccne   period, 
evidences  of  man,  associated  with  the  remains  of  the 
southern  elei)hant,  the  rhinoceros,  leptorhinus,  and  a 
hippopotamus.     The  latter  lived,  according  to  Abbe 
Bourgeois,  during  the  Miocene  perioil,  contemporary 
with  the  mastodons,  kindred  to  the  elephant,  now  ex- 
tinct.    The  Tertiary  man  of  St.  Prest  is  much  anterior 
to  the  troglodyte  remains,  and  at  least  strengthens  the 
hypothesis  of  man's  existence  prior  to  the  last  Glacial 
epoch. 

It  is  known  to  you  that  about  the  beginning  of  the 
Quaternary  period  the  phenomena  of  the  great  changes 
upon  the  earth  caused  by  glacial  action,  ceased.  Fol- 
lowing this  came  the  Diluvian,  when  mountain-torrents 
carried  with  them  rocks,  bowlders,  and  pebbles,  some- 
times rending  mountains  and  washing  out  the  sides  of 
the  hills,  transporting  great  quantities  of  the  debris  into 


24 


TONER  S   ADDRESS. 


f 


n  i 


\\\ 


the  rivers  and  valleys,  the  finer  particles  of  earthy 
matters  forming  our  alluvial  deposits  and  agricultural 
soils.  The  heavier  portions  we  recognize  as  the 
bowlder  formations  and  the  gravel-beds.  At  this  time, 
too,  the  rivers  assumed  their  present  direction  and 
commenced  carving  out  their  beds.  The  changes 
which  have  gone  on  since  the  Quaternary  period  are 
frequently  referred  to  as  those  of  the  "present  period," 
and  the  strata  formed  during  its  continuance  are  called 
"  recent  deposits."  This  brief  synopsis  of  geological 
facts  is  deemed  essential  to  a  ready  understanding  of 
the  teachings  and  theories  adopted  in  reference  to 
human  palaeontology.  They  are  also  important  land- 
marks in  prehistoric  archaiology. 

William  Evans,  President  of  the  Geological  Society 
of  London,  stated  in  February,  1875,  that  till  within 
the  last  three  years  it  was  generally  believed  that  the 
earliest  known  traces  of  man  were  posterior  to  the 
Glacial  period.*  But  the  portion  of  a  fibula  having 
been  found  in  the  Victoria  cave,  near  Settle,  England, 
in  a  deposit  which  was  embedded  in  stiff  Glacial  clay 
and  scratched  pebbles  overlain  by  ice,  it  may  now  be 
looked  upon  as  conclusively  established  that  man  lived 
before  the  last  Glacial  period.!  Professor  James  Geikie 
concludes,  from  general  reasoning,  that  the  palaeolithic 
deposits  are  of  a  Pre-Glacial  and  Inter-Glacial  age,  and 
do  not  in  any  part  belong  to  the  Post-Glacial  times, 
and,  farther,  that  it  may  be  said  for  certain  that  no 
palaeolithic  bed  can  be  shown  to  belong  to  a  more  re- 
cent date  than  the  mild  era  which  preceded  the  last 
great  submergence.^ 

*  American  Journal  of  Science,  vol,  lo. 
\ American  Journal  of  Science,  \q\.  IO. 
J  The  Abli6  Bourgeois,  in  his  investigations  on  archeology,  carries 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


25 


America  is  frequently  spoken  of  as  the  "  New 
World,"  but  geological  evidences  render  it  probable 
that  it  is  among  the  oldest  of  the  continents.  The 
rocks  of  Canada  are  at  least  as  ancient  as  any  exposed 
in  Europe.  Too  little  is  known  of  the  geology  of  Asia 
to  enable  me  to  speak  of  it.  Professor  Agassiz  said, 
"Geology  finds  its  oldest  landmarks  in  America."* 


man  bick  to  the  Lower  Miocene  times.  In  the  records  of  the  Geo- 
logic.il  Society  of  India  for  1873,  Medlicott  gives  an  account  of  a 
quartzite  implement,  precisely  of  the  same  class  as  those  found  in 
Southern  India,  which  was  discovered  in  the  deposit  of  the  Narmada 
Valley.  The  late  Dr.  Falconer  regarded  these  deposits  as  Pliorene, 
while  Medlicott  places  them  with  the  Pleistocene.  In  India,  man  co- 
exists with  ihe  Elephas  insignis.  Bos,  and  Hippopotamus  nomadkm. 
Lubbock,  in  Nature,  March  27th,  1873,  communicates  the  information 
that  mastodon  bones  having  figures  of  animals  etched  upon  them  were 
found  in  beds  regarded  as  Miocene  Tertiary.  From  these  and  other 
recent  discoveries  it  is  rendered  probable  that  the  appearance  of  man 
goes  back  to  the  middle  of  the  Miocene  period.  [American  jfuurnal 
0/  Science,  vol.  5,  p.  497.) 

*  The  Laurentian  range  of  mountains  in  Canada  exhibits  the  oldest 
metamorphic  rocks  that  have  been  discovered.  As  corroborative  of 
he  view  of  the  great  antiquity  of  the  American  continent.  Sir  Charles 
Lyell  estimates  that  the  Mississippi  River  has  been  running  in  its 
present  bed  for  100,000  years.  Professor  Huxley,  in  estimating  the 
time  required  for  the  Niagara  River  to  have  cut  its  channel  from  Lew- 
iston  to  the  present  falls,  indorses  the  opinion  of  Lyell  that  it  could 
not  be  less  than  60,000  years,  and  may  have  required  much  longer. 
Dr.  Bennett  Dowler,  of  New  Orleans,  discovered  four  successive  tiers 
of  deposits,  each  with  growth  of  cypress  trees,  one  overlying  the  other, 
in  the  alluvium  of  the  delta  of  the  Mississippi  River,  which  he  esti- 
mated would  have  required  S7,6oo  years  for  their  production.  Indian 
bones  and  pottery  were  found  beneath  the  roots  of  some  of  the  cypress 
trees  exhumed  in  sinking  pits  for  the  gas-works  at  New  Orleans, 
at  a  depth  which  he  estimated  would  have  required  15,000  years  lo 
have  filled  up  and  the  trees  to  have  grown  from  the  time  they  were 
placed  there.     Fossil  remains  of  air-breathing  animals  are  found  in 


it 


''I 


26  toner's  adokess. 

To  comprehend  the  period  of  animal  life  on  this 
planet,  we  have  as  a  matter  of  course  to  deal  with  many 
hitricate  and  complex  factors,  as  well  as  with  very  re- 
mote periods  of  time.     Geology  holds  the  key  to  and 
has  already  revealed  some  important  facts,  not  only  re- 
garding the  formation  of  the  globe,  but  of  the  charac- 
ter and  forms  of  early  life  upon  it.    And  palaeontology 
joins  hands  with  geology  in  furnishing  data  from  which 
the  archaeologist  finds  support  and  confirmation  for  the 
theory  that  man  existed  on  the  earth  in  Pre-Glacial 
times,  and  certainly  earlier  than  the  Drift  period.    The 
bones  of  man  have  so  rarely  been  found  embedded  in 
rocks  or  gravel-drift  that  this  kind  of  evidence  of  his 
very  early  appearance  is  less  often  met  with  than  might 
have  been  expected.     But  just  as  conclusive  of  man's 
existence  is  the  presence  of  any  of  his  works  or  imple- 
ments.*   „— 

;,:e";od:bear7ngT;;^s  inTennTylvama.  Ohio  l^"^//;'"  ^'»'«^  °/ '*;; 
Union  In  a  letter  of  recent  date,  from  my  fnend  Dr.  I-rank  Cowan, 
of  Western  Pennsylvania,  he  says  that  hist^wn  collection  contains  s« 
specimens  of  air-breathing  animals  belonging  to  the  Coal  series. 

*  Human  remains  were  found  by  M.  M.  Tournal  associated  with 
those  of  extinct  animals,  as  early  as  1820,  in  a  cave  m  the  south  of 
France     In  ,833.  Dr.  Schmerling  discovered  human  rema.ns  w.th 
those  of  exUnctinimals,  and  also  some  rude  stone  implemen^  we« 
dUcovered  in  a  cave  near  Li^ge,  in  Belgium.     An  account  of  the  foss.l 
,  If  Denise  comprising  the  remains  of  more  than  one  skeleton, 
Tound  nea  the  towTof  Lc^Puy-en-Velay.  in  Centra,  France,  was  pub- 
vTa   n  Tsibv  M  Aymard.    The  authenticity  of  this  specimen  was 
'      fu  ^v    o!!idIred  b^Lyell  in  his  work.  Antiquity  of  Man  (p.  194). 
:;       h'e  al     dlLussJsthl  subject  of  the  fossil  human  bones  found  at 
;rhe.Miss.     Portions  of  a  fossilized  ^^^^^  ^^^^^l^^Hfl 
found  in  Florida,  by  Count  F.  de  Pourtales,  m  1848.     Dr.  Lund,  a 
WisLnaturalisI,  found  human  ^o-s  in  a  cave  near  M.nas  Geraes 
Bra.il.  associated  with  evidences  of  great  anfqu.ty.     All  these  point 
to  a  period  as  early  as  the  Post-Pliocene. 


tW'^ 


^na^  '■  -" 


m  this 

many 
;ry  rc- 
to  and 
nly  re- 
;harac- 
tology 

which 
for  the 
Glacial 
\.  The 
ided  in 
:  of  his 
1  might 
r  man's 
■  iniple- 

tes  of  the 
k  Cowan, 
ntains  six 
ries. 

ated  with 
;  south  of 
lains  with 
lents  were 
f  the  fossil 
I  skeleton, 
,  was  pub- 
iciroen  was 

n(p.  194). 
:s  found  at 
were  also 
r.  Lund,  a 
las  Geraes, 
ihese  point 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  27 

The  ancient  human  remains  that  have  been  found 
in  America  and  Europe  render  it  almost  certain  that 
although  man  may  not  have  been  contemporary  with 
the  first  animals  in  existence,  he  was  at  least  a  co-pos- 
sessor of  the  world  with  many  now  extinct,  such  as 
the  cave  bear,  the  mammoth,  and  many  others  the  re- 
mains of  which  are  found  associated  often  with  imple- 
ments and  deeply  buried  in  gravel-beds  and  alluvial 
deposits  of  unquestionable  antiquity.* 

The  question  of  the  region  of  the  earth  where  man 
first  appeared  has  incidentally  been  alluded  to.  The 
testimony  of  history  upon  this  point  is  almost  uni- 
formly in  favor  of  the  biblical  account  which  locates 
it  in  Asia.  Some  ancient  nations  occasionally  spoke 
of  themselves  or  were  regarded  by  others  as  sprung 
from  the  soil  on  which  they  lived — the  Athenians,  for 
example,  sometimes  denominating  themselves  "Au- 
tochthenes"  or  "  Earth-born,"  and  the  primeval  inhab- 
itants of  Italy  being  by  the  Romans  and  Etrurians  de- 
nominated as  "Aborigines;"  yet  it  is  an  undoubted  fact 
that  the  traditions  of  all  nations  point  to  the  great 
tableland  of  Central  Asia  as  the  cradle  of  the  human 
race.  By  some  investigators  the  original  seat  of  the 
human  family  is  located  in  Armenia,  on  the  western 
border  of  this  table-land;  by  others  in  Pameer,  Bamian, 


*  See  Lyell,  Lubbock,  Baldwin,  and  Foster.  The  l.itter,  in  his  work 
entitled  "  Prehistoric  Races  of  the  United  States,"  p.  79,  gives  a  scale 
of  geological  periods  and  the  oldest  human  remains  and  implants  found 
up  to  1873.  The  flint-flakes  found  in  the  Gravel-lieds  of  Colorado  and 
Wyoming  Territories,  which  belong  to  the  Miocene  period,  are  as 
early  as  any  in  Europe.  A  human  skull  was  discovered  in  Calaveras 
County,  California,  imbedded  in  strata  belonging  to  the  Pliocene 
period,  and  also  many  articles  belonging  to  the  Stone  age. 


-   ivAr'-^-irt-'iilii^ittSaSiiittt^VWf^yi 


28 


toner's  address. 


or  Bokhara,  on  the  eastern  border.  Granting  Asia  to 
be  the  home  of  the  first  parents  of  the  human  family,  the 
problem  still  remains  to  account  for  man  upon  the 
North  American  continent,  which  modern  investigation 
renders  probable  is  the  oldest. 

Were  I  inclined,  I  have  neither  the  time  nor  ability 
to  discuss  the  merits  of  the  hypothesis  of  separate  and 
distinct  centers  of  either  contemporaneous  or  the  sub- 
sequent creations  of  man  among  the  earlier  animated 
beings  in  different  parts  of  the  world.     I  only  allude  to 
the  subject  so  as  not  to  appear  indifferent  to  the  solu- 
tion of  the  question,  and  because  I  deem  it  unscientific 
to  ignore  the  theory  or  to  declare  that  it  is  impossible 
for  primitive  races  to  have  been  created  in  separate  lo- 
calities and  at  different  periods  in  the  world's  history 
These  are  questions  that  have  engaged  able  minds.     I 
will  attempt  nothing  further  than  to  indicate  some  of 
the  more  noted  occurrences  gathered  from   history, 
that  might  have  favored  large  immigration  to  this  part 
of  the  world,  and  concede,  for  the  present,  that  it  is 
probable  that  population  was    originally   distributed 
from  a  single  center,  and  that  the  continent  of  America 
was  once  less  difficult  to  reach  by  land  than  it  has 
been  in  modern  times.     But  man  neither  immigrates 
nor  migrates  without  adequate  motives.     If  the  only 
cradle  of  our  race  was  in  Asia,  what  then  were  the 
probable  reasons  for  man's  immigration  to  America  and 
all  other  parts  of  the  world?     To  make  an  exhaustive 
study  of  this  problem  is  outside  of  my  present  purpose, 
but  i  shall  give  in  a  note,  in  the  preparation  of  which 
I  have  been  much  assisted  by  my  friend,  M.  F.  Morris, 
Esq.,  some  of  the  more  notable  events  recorded  in  his- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


29 


tor>',  which  it  is  believed  may,  to  some  extent,  account 
for  the  great  migratory  movements  supposed  to  have 
taken  place  in  ancient  times,  and  which  may  have  as- 
sisted in  populating  the  North  American  continent.* 

*  In  connection  with  the  theory  that  a  portion  at  least  of  the  popu- 
lation of  America  existing  at  the  time  of  the  discovery  by  Columbus 
was  derived  from  the  Old  World,  and  especially  from  Asia,  it  is  worthy 
of  remark  that  the  several  periods  of  the  arrival  of  the  Toltecs, 
Chichemecas,  Acolhuans  or  Tezcucans,  and  Aztecs,  in  the  valley  of 
Mexico,  and  of  the  Incas  in  Peru,  have  a  singular  correspondence 
with  some  prominent  epochs  in  Asiatic  history.  Wars  and  political 
convulsions  have  been  the  most  frequent  cause  of  great  emigrations  ; 
and  while  we  have  no  positive  proof  that  the  revolutions  of  Asia  have 
had  any  influences  on  the  population  of  America,  a  curious  coincidence 
of  dates  invites  to  an  inquiry  of  the  possible  connection  between  the 
two  continents  in  the  Pre-Columbian  Period. 

China  and  Tartary  were  subjected  to  great  intestine  commotions,  ex- 
tending from  A.  D.  420  to  A.  D.  618,  and  resulting,  according  to  the 
Chinese  annals,  in  great  emigrations  from  the  empire.  The  Toltecs, 
the  first  known  to  us,  and  apparently  the  most  civilized  of  all  the  tribes 
that  occupied  the  valley  of  Mexico,  made  their  appearance  in  that  re- 
gion about  A.  D.  648. 

The  conquest  of  Hindustan  by  Mahmoud  of  Ghazni,  about  A.  D. 
1000,  with  its  accompaniment  of  religious  and  political  persecution, 
is  known  to  have  caused  a  great  exodus  of  the  Hindu  population  from 
their  native  land  and  their  dispersion  over  the  islands  of  the  Eastern 
Seas.  Not  long  afterward,  about  A.  D.  1021,  appeared  near  the 
l^ke  of  Titicaca,  in  Peru,  Manco  Capac,  the  founder  of  the  dynasty 
and  of  the  Empire  of  the  Incas,  whose  religious  observances  and  po- 
litical institutions  bear  strong  resemblances  to  those  of  the  Solar  Race 
of  Hindustan. 

Again,  the  conquest  of  Northern  China  by  the  Mam.chu  Tartars 
(A.  D.  1 1 15),  and  the  subversion  of  that  ancient  empire  by  the  great 
Mongolian  Chiefs,  Genghis  Khan  and  Octal  Khan,  A,  D.  1234- 
'96,  may  not  have  been  entirely  unconnected  with  the  advent  of  the 
Chichemecas  (A.  D.  II 70),  the  Acolhuans  (A.  D.  1 2C»),  and  the 
Aztecs  (A.  D.  1325),  in  the  valley  of  Anahuac.  That  the  Moham- 
medan and  Tartar  invasions  of  Eastern  Asia  were  productive  of  great 
commotions  in  that  region  is  very  certain  j  but  it  is  probably  impossible 


I 


-  M-w^^  ■m-sf^'J^mitii^mimSM 


30 


TONER  S   ADOKIiSS. 


The  table-lands  in  the  re^nons  East  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  have  yielded  to  our  explorers,  and  particu- 
larly to  that  sajfacious  and  indefatigable  worker  in  pal- 


at  this  Jay  to  ascertain  the  extent  of  ihi  rcsuliin^  emigration,  or  its 
influence,  if  any,  on  the  Western  World. 

Recurring  to  the  still  earlier  perioil  of  the  MoumUBuiiders,  and 
(he  i.robahic  date  to  which  we  arc  referred  for  the  time  of  the  con- 
struction of  their  great  woiks,  a  thousand  years  before  the  Christian 
era,  it  is  remarkable  tliat  this  was  tlie  period  of  greatest  riurnician 
activity,  the  epoch  of  Solomon  nud  the  Queen  of  Sheba,  of  Gautama 
or  Huddhain  Hindustan,  and  possibly  of  Zoroaster  in  Persia.  In  the 
twelfth,  thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  ccnluiy  before  Christ,  the  great 
movement  of  the  nations,  l)eginning  with  the  war  of  the  Lunar  Race, 
for  the  imperial  throne  of  Hindustan,  and  marked  by  the  estal)lish- 
nient  of  the  Fifth  Dynasty  in  Assyria,  the  Milesian  settlement  in  Spain 
and  Ireland,  the  contests  of  the  Pclopeds,  Dardanians,  and  Heracleids 
in  Greece  and  Asia  Minor,  and  the  colonization  of  the  Etrurians  in 
Italy,  exerted  an  influence  upon  the  world  that  has  been  traced  to  the 
most  distant  regions  of  the  eastern  continent;  and  it  would  not  be 
surprising  to  learn  that  America  was  embraced  within  the  same  in- 
fluence. 

If  the  vague  intimations  of  Phienician  and  Carthaginian  enterpiise 
in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  given  us  by  Plato  and  other  writers  have  any 
foundation  in  fact,  and  if  those  daring  navigators  steered  westward 
from  the  Straits  of  Hercules  in  the  track  subsequently  taken  by  the 
great  Genoese  and  coasted  the  shore  near  which  De  Soto  led  his  fear- 
less band,  th'.'y  would  have  reached,  as  did  the  latter,  the  Great  Father 
of  Waters,  the  Mississippi.  And  if  they  entered  and  occupied  the 
country,  their  forts  and  habitations  would  naturally  be  found  scattered 
along  the  valley  of  that  river  and  through  the  region  drained  by  its 
tributaries.  Now,  the  traces  of  the  Mound-Builders  are  found  mainly 
in  the  Mississippi  Valley.  They  are  faint,  if  indeed  they  exist  at  all,  on 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  slope ;  and  the  inference  is  very  strong,  that 
the  mysterious  race  which  preceded  the  nomadic  Indian  in  the  center 
of  our  continent  must  have  entered  the  country  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico. 

In  this  connection,  it  may  be  stated,  also,  th.it  the  auriferous  region 
of  Ophir,  with  which  Solomon  and   his  Phoenician  allies  traded,  and 


.M'dff/ffJiM 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


31 


3r  Its 


rpiise 
e  any 
tward 
by  the 
i  fear- 
Kather 
;d  the 
•tiered 
by  its 
nainly 
ill,  on 
T,  that 
center 
iulf  of 

region 
il,  and 


a;ontoloj;y,  ProfL-ssor  Marsh,  huiulrcds  of  specimens  of 
fossil  tiiaiunials  and  birds  previously  unknown.  Profes- 
sor Huxley  had  an  opportunity  of  exaininin^r  this  rare 
collection  when  in  America  last  summer,  and  on  his 
return  to  Great  Britain  took  a  public  occasion  to  speak 
in  glowintj  terms  of  "his  t^ood  friend"  the  Yale  Pro- 
fesior,  and  declared  that  "  his  achievements  had  already 
largely  extended  the  area  of  knowledge."  The  Black 
Hills  and  the  calcareous  rocks  in  that  wonderful  region 
between  the  Colorado  and  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
which  was  once  a  shallow  sea,  contain  thousands  of  fos- 
sils as  perfectly  preserved  as  though  they  were  encased 
in  a  bed  of  plaster-of-Paris.  It  was  in  this  region  that 
Mr.  Marsh  found  the  two  splendid  specimens  of  fossil 
birds,  perfectly  preserved,  with  unmistakable  teeth. 
His  fortunate  and  important  discoveries  have  sup- 
plied the  missing  links  of  extinct  species  of  the  horse. 
Already  his  cabinet  contains  thirty  distinct  species  of 
the  equine  tribe.  Other  explorers  are  also  reaping  a 
rich  harvest  in  this  new  field ;  Prof  E.  D.  Cope's  dis- 
coveries being  scarcely  less  important  to  science  than 
those  already  referred  to.  This  rich  deposit  of  fossils  is 
destined  to  throw  much  light  upon  the  stratification  as 
well  as  the  early  forms  of  animal  life  in  North  America. 
As  yet  it  has  been  but  partially  explored,  and  the  dis- 
coveries actually  made  have  not  been  fully  given  to  the 
public.  If  the  flint-flakes  observed  in  the  gravel-beds  of 
Colorado  and  Wyoming  prove  to  be  true  "  finds,"  and 

the  voyage  to  which,  together  with  the  return,  occupied  three  years, 
is  conjectured  by  some  to  be  identical  with  our  California,  or  some 
other  gold-bearing  region  of  America  ;  and  the  conjecture  is  as  plaus- 
ible as  any  other  that  has  been  suggested  of  the  location  of  that 
region. 


32  TONEKS   ADDRESS. 

the  strata  correctly  named  and  assigned  to  its  true 
gcoloj-ical  position,  the  evidence  of  man's  existence 
upon  this  continent  will  be  carried  back  to  the  Miocene 
period.  And  if  the  di.scovery  of  the  human  skull  in 
the  Pliocene  deposit  of  Calaveras  County,  California, 
is  to  be  credited,  it  is  the  earliest  human  remains  yet 
found,  older  even  than  the  stone  implements  of  Abbe- 
ville and  Amiens,  described  by  Dr.  Falconer,  or  those 
furnished  by  the  caves  of  Belgium  and  France.* 

If  the  hypothesis  be  correct  that  all  the  primitive 
races  of  mankind  appeared  upon  the  earth  without  a 
knowledge  of  any  of  the  arts,  there  can  be  little  doubt 
that  before  they  were  acquired  man  must  have  had  a 
severe  contest  for  existence  vith  the  elements  and  the 
fierce  animals  which  surrounded  him.  Man's  dwelling- 
places  then,  doubtless,  were  in  caves  or  grottoes,  and 
such  localities  as  were  easily  rendered  inaccessible 
to   beasts   of  prey.f     The   fact  that  caves   are  still 


*  In  the  drift  deposits  of  San  Joaquin  Valley,  near  Sacramento,  were 
discovered  a  plummet  and  a  stone  hatchet.  In  Jersey  County,  Illinois 
was  found  the  innominate  bone  of  a  man  associated  with  flint  implant 
and  the  bones  of  extinct  animals.  Also,  human  remains  and  imple- 
ments were  noticed  in  the  drift  deposits  in  the  valley  of  the  Sacra- 
mento, the  Osage,  the  valley  of  the  Missouri ;  in  the  last  case  they 
were  associated  with  the  bones  of  a  mastodon.  Human  remains  have 
also  been  found  in  other  places,  all  pointing  to  their  great  antiquity. 

t  As  confirmative  of  this  view,  it  is  well  known  that  caves  have 
been  discovered  in  almost  every  country  affording  conclusive  evidences 
of  their  having  been  occupied  as  habitations  by  human  beings.  In 
Ethiopia,  Upper  Egypt,  the  borders  of  the  Red  Sea,  Moesia,  Mau- 
ritania, and  the  northern  part  of  the  Caucasus,  and  throughout 
the  mountainous  regions  of  Arabia,  are  numerous  caves  which  have 
been  converted  into  the  dwelling-places  of  the  half-savage  Bedouins. 
Ptolemy,  the  Grecian  geographer,  described  what  he  called   races  of 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN    MEDICAI.   ASSOCIATION. 


33 


occupied  as  dwellings  in  the  mountainous  parts  of 
Arabia,  Nubia,  and  Upper  Kgypt,  and  the  many  traces 
of  such  habitations  in  other  parts  of  the  world,  fortify 
the  belief  that  in  early  times  they  frequently  served 
as  man's  abode,  the  place  for  the  celebration  of  his 
religious  observances,  as  well  as  the  spot  of  his  burial. 
Naturally,  then,  if  we  remember  the  condition  of  prim- 
itive man,  human  remains  and  implements  should  be 
found  in  these  localities  as  they  arc,  and  associated 
with  the  bones  of  extinct  animals. 

As  yet  no  systematic  study  has  been  made  of  the 
American  caves  with  a  view  of  ascertaining  whether 
man's  early  dwelling-place  on  this  continent  may  not 
have  been  similar  to  what  it  was  in  other  parts  of  the 
world.  There  is  reason  to  believe  that  there  are  such 
in  the  United  States  that  will  yet  furnish  valuable  data 
upon  this  interesting  subject.  F.  VV.  Putnam,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  Dr.  Joseph  Jones,  of  New  Orleans,  and  a 
few  others,  have  of  late  turned  their  attention  to 
their  exploration  with  encouraging  results.*  It  is 
probable  that  a  very  long  period  elapsed  between 
the  time  when  the  inhabitants  of  America  sheltered 
themselves  in  caves  and  places  not  constructed  by 
themselves,  and  the  time  when  they  were  in  some  lo- 
calities, as  in  Colorado,  improved  by  extending  them 
under  clififs  and  dividing  them  into  apartments,  and 
tenanted  by  a  now  forgotten  race,  which  explorers  call 
"Cliff-Dwellers." 

We  must  recognize  the  possibility  of  distinct  races 

Iroglodyte  people,  because  they  lived  in  caverns.  For  evidence  of  this 
kind  of  habitations  in  the  United  States,  see  Professor  Hayden's  and 
Lieutenant  Wheeler's  reports  for  1875.  (See  Annual  Report  Smith- 
sonian Institution  1874,  p.  367.) 


34 


tonkk's  addkkss. 


li  ft! 


dvvclliiHJ  in  the  same  rc^'ioii.  at  the  same  time,  as  well 
as  at  subsequeiU  periods,  and  the  cl\an^'e  which  cli- 
mate and  subsistence  are  capable  in  time  of  producing' 
in  th'.'  modes  of  life  and  intellectual  powers  must  not 
be  lost  sight  of.  Althout^h  the  cave  ruins  and  those  of 
the  mound-builders  are  not  conclusive,  they  neverthe- 
Ics..  point  out  sit^nificantly  the  former  existence  upon 
this  continent  of  two  different  but  now  extinct  races. 
Sufficient  data  are  not  yet  available  (thou^'h  rapidly 
accumulating)  for  a  profitable  presentation  of  this  the- 
ory of  the  (juestion  of  the  former  inhabitants  of  North 
America. 

The  character  of  food  has  doubtless  much  to  do 
with  physical  development  as  well  as  with  courage  and 
mental  characteristics.*     Observation  has  fully  estab- 

*lt  is  probable  that  the  early  inhabitants  of  North  America,  parlit- 
ulnrly  those  tlwelliiiR  along  the  sca-coast  and  large  rivent,  derived, 
for  many  generations,  most  of  their  food  from  shellfish.  This  hypoth- 
esis IS  strengthened  by  the  numerous  great  shell-heaps  found  all 
along  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  freipicntly  referred  to  by  the  early  ex- 
plorers and  settlers.  Dr.  Brickell,  in  his  Natural  History  of  North 
Carolina,  published  1737,  page  289.  says; 

"  It  \i  very  strange  to  see  in  all  the  places  where  they  [the  Indians] 
have  been  formerly  settled,  or  had  their  towns  nt  >•  the  salt  waters, 
what  vast  (juantities  of  oyster-shells  are  to  be  met  wisiion  ihe  banks  of 
the  rivers,  in  such  heaps  that  it  is  surprising  to  behold  them.  One 
might  reasonably  imagine,  by  such  great  quantities  as  are  there,  that 
they  scarce  lived  upon  anything  else,  or  that  they  mu.st  have  been 
settled  many  hundred  years  in  one  place,  which  is  not  common 
amongst  them,  being  a  people  always  shifting  from  one  place  to  an- 
other, as  their  fancies  led  them."  Vast  shell-heaps  in  the  Slate  of 
New  York  were  noticed  by  Father  Isaac  Jacques  (see  his  "Description 
of  New  Nelheiland,"  written  in  i642-'43). 

Sir  Charles  Lyell  describes  the  great  shell-mounds  on  St.  Simon's 
Island,  near  the  mouth  cf  the  Alt.imaha  River,  Georgia. 

Shell-heaps  are  also  found  on  the  Tennessee  River,  at  the  town  of 


isf 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


35 


lishcd  the  fact  that  people  wlio  live  wholly  or  chiefly 
upon  a  fish  diet,  as  a  rule,  advance  less  rapidly,  anil 
are  slower  to  accpiire  and  apply  a  knowledge  of  the 
arts,  and  also  present  a  noticeably  lower  j^rade  of  in 
tellijjence  than  tribes  that  live  by  trapping'  and  by  the 
chase.  None  rank  so  hij^di  or  advance  so  rapidly 
in  the  scale  of  intelli^ience  as  those  who  derive  the 
bulk  of  their  food  supply  from  pastoral  and  a^;ricultural 
niotles  of  life.  Purely  hunter  tribes  have  but  few  if  any 
iloniestic  animals,  and,  stran^jely  enoufjh,  the  niilch- 
cow  is  amonfj  the  last  added.  Only  the  aj^Micultural 
and  village  Indians  of  the  present  day  keep  cows. 
The  milch-cow,  so  important  to  civilized  man,  was 
no  doubt  first  protected  and  kept  for  dairy  purposes 
by  pastoral  and  nomadic  races  of  the  Old  World,  and 
is  frequently  alluded  to  by  the  early  historians.* 

Snvnnnali,  Tenii,,  ami  al  various  place:)  alonjj  its  courac.  For  descrip- 
tion of  them,  see  .Smiihsonian  Report  1870,  page  414.  For  an  account 
of  the  shell-heaps  of  California,  by  I'aul  Schumacher,  sec  Smithso- 
nian Report  1874,  pa>;e  335.  .Shell-heaps  in  Illinois,  near  New 
Boston,  on  the  Mississippi,  are  described  in  the  Smiihsonian  Re- 
port 1S74,  page  353.  Shell-heaps  are  also  founil  in  many  other 
.States,  as  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Maryland,  Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Florida,  Alr.bania,  &c. 

*  Man  had  advanced  toward  civilization  and  passed  out  of  the  lower 
savage  state  before  he  commenced  to  collect  and  tame  what  are  now 
recognized  as  domestic  animals.  These  animals  were  at  first  kept  as 
beasts  of  burden,  or  to  be  slaughtered  as  required  for  food.  It  is 
natural  to  suppose  that  certain  of  them  soon  attracted  attention  by  the 
amount  of  miik  they  were  capable  of  furnishing,  and  which  could  be 
utilized  as  food.  The  Greeks  milked  goats  and  sheep  as  well  as  cows. 
History  tells  us  that  the  miik  of  the  camel,  the  mare,  the  ass,  and  a 
considerable  number  of  other  animals  has  been  used  as  food.  A  desire 
to  increase  the  food  supply  no  doubt  led  to  the  making  of  cheese, 
which  was  practiced  by  pastoral  and  nomadic  races  from  an  early 
period ;    but  the  art  of  making  butter,  such  as  we  use,  is  a  compara- 


^%k^ 


I  unl 


)0  TONKk's   ADDRESS. 

As  niit^ljt  I)f  inft-rnd,  tlu;  Indians  who  have  livid  in 
a  ti'iupii.itc  climate;  and  on  productive  soil,  and  hail 
littli-  if  any  intercourse  with  predatory  huntin}^  bands, 
beintj  thus  left  to  their  own  resources,  would  perpetuate 
family  peculiarities  and  at  the  same  time  progress  most 
in  the  pe.ici-ful  arts.  Certain  tribes  dwellin};  in  the  val- 
leys and  on  the  plains  bordering;  on  the  Rocky  Mount- 
lively  tiile  inveiilion.  Hcroilotus  in  iliscriliinu  the  Soylliians  allude* 
to  the  siilinl.ince  called  hulter  and  describes  the  manner  of  making  it, 
which  leaves  the  inference  that  wc  <lerivc  the  art  from  them.  Hippo- 
crates mentions  it  as  a  medicine,  and  is  the  tirst  to  use  Ihe  word  "  hut- 
ter."  This  article  was  not  known  to  ilie  Clreeks  until  a  late  periixl,  and 
wftK  only  used  hy  them  as  medicine,  not  ait  food.  The  Romans  only  used 
butler  as  a  me<licine.  I'liny,  however,  mentions  the  fact  that  the  bar- 
barous nations  (meaning;  the  Germans)  m.ide  not  only  cheese  but  also 
butler,  which  was  a  most  pleasant  kind  of  food,  and  its  use  distin- 
guished the  rich  from  the  poor.  It  was  not  considered  an  article  of 
food  as  late  as  the  time  of  (lalen.  The  ancient  Christians  in  I'-Kyi't  used 
buuer  to  burn  in  their  lamps  at  religious  tesiivals;  the  same  use  was 
permitted  on  Christmas  festivals  at  Rome,  when  there  was  a  scarcity 
of  oil.  The  butter  spoken  of  in  early  history  it  is  evident  diil  not 
have  the  consistence  and  form  in  which  it  is  made  in  our  time,  but 
was  a  thin  oily  substance,  which  was  not  cut  or  spread,  but  poured 
and  flowed  as  thin  oil.  In  the  cathedral  of  Rouen,  and  several  other 
old  churches,  there  are  towers  called  "butter  towers,"  because  butter 
is  used  in  the  lamps  that  light  ihera.  It  is  probable  that  the  Hebrews 
used  butler  as  a  food,  although  there  is  some  doubt  as  to  the  meaning 
of  the  various  texts  upon  which  such  a  supposition  is  founded,  as 
they  imply  that  the  mode  of  making  it  was  by  squeezing  from 
cream  or  sour  milk  as  in  making  cheese,  rather  than  by  churning  to 
separate  the  fatty  particles  from  the  caseine  which  alone  forms  the  but- 
ter. Corroborative  of  the  fact  that  butter  is  but  a  comparatively  re- 
cent addition  to  the  food  supply,  we  may  remark  that  even  now  in 
Southern  Europe  it  is  seldom  used  on  the  table.  In  Italy,  Spain,  Portu- 
gal, and  France,  it  is  sold  in  the  apothecary  shops,  and  is  but  little 
used  as  en  article  of  diet.  In  those  warm  countries,  however,  olive- 
oil  takes  the  place  butter  occupies  in  cooking  in  other  parts  of  the 
world. 


nins 
enjc 
find 


-«!R5| 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MKUICAL   ASSOCIATION.  37 


iiins,  more  tliiin  any  otlici  ,  in  the  I'nitcd  Sl.itcs,  have 
cnjoycil  these  eon.lition.s.     And  it  is  jii«<t  here  that  we 
fnul  the  jjreatcst  anomaly  in  Indian  history,  the  semi- 
civih/.ed  tribes  of  tlie  I'licblo,  /uni,  Islita.Taos,  MtniulH, 
and  other  villa^je  Indian  .who  liavi   maile  the  ^^rcatest 
advances  in  tlie  arts  an  1  in  aijriciilture.     The   I'liehlo 
Indians,  however,  know  nothinji  of  the  people   who 
built  and  occupied  tlie  cliff-houses.     In  .some  respects 
the  many-storied  stone  and  adobe  houses  of  the  modern 
Pueblo  Indians  of  New  Mexico  resemble  the  ruins  de- 
nominated cliff-buildings,  but  which  I  think  point  to 
a  people  that  antedates  the  ailobe-buildinfi  r.ice.  Some 
Pueblo  Indians  state  the  cliff-buildings  were  made  by 
Moctazuma's  people  emigrating  from  the  north. 

The  catacombs  of  Rome  were  from  the  beginning  of 
the  Christian  era  noted  as  dwellings  and  places  for 
religious  worship  as  well  as  for  .sepulchre.  Wilson'a 
cave,  in  Indiana,  may  be  taken  as  one  of  the  best  ex- 
amples yet  discovered  of  a  cave  which  was  probably 
occupied  for  religious  worship  in  the  United  States.* 

*  Perhaps  the  most  remarkable  cave-temple  is  the  one  on  the  island 
of  ElepSanta,  a  small  island  of  Hritish  India.  I  lere  is  a  very  large  cive- 
temple,  elaborately  decorated  and  cut  in  native  rock  nca.  lionibay.  It 
has  long  since  been  deserted  by  its  priests,  and  is  of  unknown  antiquity. 
The  entrance  is  60  feet  wide  and  18  feet  high,  supported  by  two  grand 
columns.  The  breadth  of  the  cave  is  123  feet,  with  a  depth  about 
three  times  as  great.  The  sides  are  excav  ited  into  compartments  .ind 
fdled  with  mythological  sculptured  figures.  On  the  same  island  there 
are  also  two  small  cave-temples  fdled  with  Hindu  statuary. 

The  catacombs  of  Egypt,  from  their  size,  their  splendid  decorations, 
and  the  fact  thot  they  are  the  last  resting-place  of  her  long  line  of 
kings,  have  been  justly  considered  the  most  remarkable  in  history. 
The  entire  chain  of  mountains  in  the  vicinity  of  Thebes  arc  mined  and 
occupied  as  tombs.  Those  of  Syracuse  are  larger  and  better  preserved 
than  those  of  Rome.    Naples  has  her  subterranean  cave  or  catacomb 


'^ 


38 


TONER  S    ADDRESS. 


"In  this  sublime  inclosurc,"  says  Pidgeon,  "there  arc 
pictures  sculptured  on  the  walls  representing  the  sun 
in  various  positions,  rising,  noonday,  and  declining. 
The  serpent  is  also  sculptured  in  the  form  of  a  circle, 
with  its  tail  in  its  mouth,  the  viper  with  its  mouth 
widely  open,  the  tongueless  crocodile,  the  seven  stars, 
the  hydra-headed  serpent,  and  huge  animal  somewhat 
resembling  the  elephant."  There  are  many  delinea- 
tions of  animals  notexi-sting  in  America  at  the  present 
day,  although  similar  to  those  of  the  polar  regions, 
with  other  tracings  strongly  resembling  Grecian  and 
Roman  figures.  Caves  used  to  some  extent  for  burial 
purposes  have  been  noticed  in  Kentucky,  Tennessee, 
and  Indiana,  some  of  which  have  furnished  complete 
skeletons  in  a  good  state  of  preservation.* 

city  of  the  dead.  Malta  also  boasts  of  her  catacombs,  which,  although 
not  large,  are  in  good  preservation.  The  so-called  catacombs  of  Paris 
were  mere  quarries  and  not  properly  entitled  to  be  called  catacombs, 
although  of  late  they  are  being  used  as  a  repository  of  the  human 
remains  taken  from  the  crowded  cemeteries  of  the  city. 

From  remote  antiquity  caves  have  been  places  of  retreat  by  the 
natives,  as  the  lava-beds  of  Oregon  were  to  the  Modoc  Indians. 
When  the  French  conquered  Algeria,  in  1845,  several  hu.idred  Arabs 
were  suffocated  in  the  cave  of  Dahra,  by  Colonel  Pelissier,  who  directed 
afire  to  be  kindled  at  the  entrance. 

Dr.  Livingstone  in  his  letters  from  Africa  describes  vast  caves  which 
served  as  places  of  refuge  for  whole  tribes  with  their  flocks  and  house- 
hold implements. 

Desnoyers  says,  there  are  at  the  present  ten  villages,  including 
the  church,  existing  in  rocks  but  slightly  modified  by  man.  The  caves 
of  the  Dordogne  were  inhabited  by  men  and  domestic  animals  during 
the  Middle  Ages.     (W.  C.  Dawkns'  Cave  Hunting,  p.  6,  7.) 

*Dr.  Joseph  Jones,  in  his  report  on  the  Exploration  of  the  Aboriginal 
Remains  of  Tennessee,  which  forms  one  of  the  recent  contributions  to 
knowledge  by  the  Smithsonian,  describes  many  sepulchral  caves,  one 
in  Warren  County,  in  West  Tennessee,  first  referred  to  by  Haywood, 


KOCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


39 


re  are 
le  sun 
ining. 
circle, 
nouth 
stars, 
cwhat 
;linea- 
resent 
gions, 
II  and 
burial 
lessee, 
nplete 


ilthoiigh 

of  Paris 

acombs, 

human 

;  by  the 
Indians, 
d  Arabs 
directed 

?s  which 
\  house- 

ichiding 
he  caves 
s  during 

joriginal 
utions  to 
ves,  one 
ay  wood. 


Journeying  along  the  Pacific  Railroad  to  California, 
a  hundred  miles  or  more  to  the  south  of  us  in  Colo- 
rado, and  in  Southern  Utah,  there  are  indications  of  a 
once  large  population,  with  groups  of  old  ruins  of  con- 
siderable towns,  which  give  evidence  that  their  builders 
enjoyed,  centuries  ago,  a  high  degree  of  civilization 
and  intelligence,  perhaps  higher  than  is  possessed  by 
any  existing  Indian  tribe  in  the  United  States.  Evi- 
dence supporting  this  view  is  found  abundantly  in  all 
the  valleys  intersected  by  the  Gila  River  in  Arizona. 
J.  R.  Bartlett,  in  his  Personal  Narrative  of  Explorations 
describes  the  immense  quantity  of  broken  pottery,  rude 
and  painted,  raw  and  baked,  which  is  scattered  over 
almost  the  whole  face  of  the  country,  and  is  occasion- 
ally washed  out  from  beneath  the  surface  by  the  fresh- 
ets. This  fact  has  been  noticed  in  Vol.  7  of  the  Report 
of  the  Pacific  Railroad  Survey,  and  indeed  by  all  ex- 
plorers.*   Surprising  as  are  the  ruins  of  these  cities  in 


one  near  the  confines  of  Smith  and  Wilson  Counties,  and  another  in 
White  County,  Tennessee,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Cumberland  River; 
also  one  in  Giles  County,  below  Carthage,  on  the  same  river;  and  still 
another  above  Carthage,  also  on  the  Cumberland  ;  and  refers  to  many 
others.  In  1815  a  human  body,  in  part  clad  in  coarse  linen  wrap- 
pings, somewhat  after  the  order  of  an  Egyptian  mummy,  was  discov- 
ered in  a  cave  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Mammoth  Cave  in  Kentucky. 
A  cave  near  Lexington,  Ky.,  is  said  to  have  contained  a  number  of 
human  bones  when  the  first  settleis  visited  the  place.  In  Warren 
County,  Kentucky,  Mr.  Charles  Wilkins  in  181 7  found  human  remains 
in  a  niter-cave  draped  in  coarse  cloths.  This  list  of  bi-rial-caves  in 
our  country  might  be  considerably  extended  if  desired. 

*W.  H.  Holmes,  in  a  paper  on  the  Ruins  of  Southwestern  Colo- 
rado (,Dr.  V.  V.  Hayden  s  leport,  1875),  says  there  is  scarcely  a 
square  mile  in  the  six  thousand  examined  that  would  not  furnish  evi- 
dence of  occupation  by  a  race  totally  distinct  from  the  nomadic  savages 
who  hold  it  now,  and  in  every  way  superior  to  them. 


U 


40 


toner's  address. 


I  « 


Colorado  and  New  Mexico,  there  are  still  other  monu- 
ments in  this  region  which  surpass  them  in  the  interest 
they  excite  in  the  student  of  archaeology;  these  are 
the  ruins  of  the  peculiar  habitations  to  which  I  have 
alluded  under  the  name  of  the  cliff-dwellings.  In 
some  instances,  and  in  close  proximity  to  these  cliff- 
houses,  are  found  on  high  promontories  large  round 
towers  built  of  stone,  as  if  to  serve  for  lookouts  and 
defences  to  the  cliff-houses.* 

The  ruins,  most  carefully  examined,  are  built  of 
stone,  and  situated  along  the  Rio  la  Plata,  the  McElmo, 
and  Rio  Mancos,  in  the  southwestern  corner  of  Colo- 
rado. The  existence  of  these  peculiar  remains  has 
been  noticed  by  Capt.  A.  R.  Johnston,  Lieutenant  Ives, 
Colonel  Simpson,  Sitgreave.  Bartlett,  Wheeler,  New- 
bury, Lieutenant  Birney,  Oscar  Lowe,  Dr.  H.  C.  Yar- 
row, and  others.  They  were  first,  however,  graphically 
described  by  W.  H.  Jackson  and  W.  H.  Holmes,  who 
have  figured  a  number  of  them  in  Professor  Hayden's 
Report  on  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  Territories  for 
1875.  Some  of  this  class  of  ruins  have  also  been  de- 
scribed by  Prof  E.  D.  Cope  (see  Lieutenant  Wheeler's 
Annual  Report  for  1875),  and  by  Abbe  Em.  Dome- 
nech  in  his  Seven  Years'  Residence  in  the  Deserts  of 
North  America,  vol.   i,  p.  201.    The  description  of 

*  Lieut.  Col.  W.  H.  Emory,  in  his  Military  Reconnoissance  of 
New  Mexico,  p.  133,  makes  the  following  remarks  :  "  Near  the  head- 
waters of  the  Salinas,  which  runs  in  a  course,  it  is  said,  nearly  north- 
east and  southwest,  is  a  band  of  Indians  called  the  Soones  (possibly 
this  is  another  name  for  the  Zuni  Indians),  who,  in  manner,  habits, 
and  pursuits,  are  said  to  resemble  the  Pimas,  except  that  they 
live  in  houses  scooped  from  the  solid  rocks.  Many  of  them  are  albinos, 
which  may  be  in  consequence  of  their  cavernous  dwellings." 


*1 

p,irtit 
have 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


41 


these  ruins  has  awakened  unusual  interest  in  the  study 
of  the  condition  and  habits  of  the  prehistoric  races  of 
North  America.  The  cave-houses  or  cliff-dwellings 
are  found  in  or  along  the  deep  canons  and  located 
in  ledges  of  the  rocks,  at  almost  inaccessible  heights 
varying  from  a  few  hundred  to  a  thousand  feet 
above  the  bed  of  the  river.*  Some  are  in  a  good 
state  of  preservation,  but  for  the  most  part  they  are  in 
ruins.  All  of  them,  however,  show  skill  as  well  as 
great  labor  and  perseverance  on  the  part  of  those  who 
constructed  them. 

The  cliff-houses  pa  take  somewhat  of  the  character- 
istics of  cave  habitations,  but  they  are  a  vast  improve- 
ment upon  them,  and  show  a  decided  advancement  in 
resources  and  knowledge.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that 
these  semi-caves  and  cliff  ruins  show  the  earliest 
divisions  of  the  house  into  apartments  to  be  found 
in  America.  Major  Powell,  however,  considers  them 
of  more  recent  construction  than  the  Pueblo  adobe 
ruins  existing  in  the  same  region.  The  potteiy  and 
other  implements  so  far  found  in  and  about  them  sug- 
gest that  they  have  probably  been  inhabited  by  an  in- 
trusive race,  since  their  builders  ceased  to  occupy  these 
structures.  It  is  very  probable  that  long  antedating  the 
building  of  these  cliff-houses,  and  even  the  existence 

♦These  structutes  are  of  stone,  requiring  but  a  front  wall  and  such 
partitions  as  they  chose  to  make.  A  peculiarity  is  that  nearly  all 
have  a  circular  room  or  apartment,  and  seldom  with  windows.  Occa- 
sionallv  round  stone  towers  are  found  built  on  high  promontrries  and 
isolated  peaks,  reseml>ling  the  round  towers  or  Cuthite  remains  so 
numerously  found  in  Ireland.  Towers  of  a  similar  character  are 
known  to  exist  in  Eastern  Europe  and  Asia,  in  Peru  and  other  parU 
of  the  world,  and  possibly  served  as  temples  to  a  very  early  civiliza- 
tion. 


■.« 


■liE^.,,. 


42 


toner's  address. 


of  the  people  who  built  them  or  the  cities  whose  ruins 
in  Colorado  command  our  admiration,  there  lived  and 
perished  other  races  of  which  we  have  no  knowledge 
and  scarcely  any  remains,  because  they  possessed  but 
few  implements  and  constructed  their  dwellings  of 
perishable  material.* 

This  hypothesis  is  strengthened  by  a  class  of  re- 
mains numerously  found  throughout  the  Central  and 
Southern  States,  which  have   recently  engage  .   the 
attention  of  many  able  archaeologists,  and  which  point 
unmistakably   to  a  very   early   occupation  of  North 
America.     The  race  which  erected  these  monuments 
must  have  been  numerous  and  industrious,  possessing 
a  stable  form  of  government  and  an  acquaintance  with 
some  of  the  arts.     The  monuments  they  have  left  are 
distributed  throughout  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  are  perhaps  as  old  and  will  prove  as  enduring  as 
the  Pyramids  of  Egypt.      The  people  who  built  the 
mounds  v/ere,  in  my  opinion,  distinct  from  and  lived 
long  anterior  to  the  Indian.     We  only  know  of  them 
by  their  peculiar  earth-works,  and  by  common  con- 
sent denominate  them  "  The  Mound-Builders."     That 
they   combined   the  pastoral   and   agricultural   with 
the  hunter's  life  is  probable,  from  the  fact  that  their 
remains  are  only  found  in  the  midst  of  the  most  pro- 
ductive lands.     The  extent  of  these  works,  and  the 
time  required  for  their  construction,  show  that  they 
must  have  had   an   organized,  compact  population. 
The  mounds  may  be  described  as  of  three  classes, 
namely,  for  sacrifice  or  worship,  for  defense,  and  for 
bu  r  ial . . 

♦  Mr.  Wirt  says  that  there  were  two  races  extinct  before  the  Indian 
came  to  occupy  the  country.     (Mayer's  Mexico,  p.  260.) 


Th 

so  nil 
callec 
descr 
toten' 
tiu'ou 
the  c 
Kenti 
State 
and  t 
Mexii 
Pacifi 
mystt 
Strang 
proge 


KOCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


43 


lan 


There  is  also  a  class  of  peculiar  ruins,  though  not 
so  numerous  as  the  former,  chiefly  found  in  Wisconsin, 
called  "animal  mounds,"  which  have  been  admirably 
described  by  Dr.  Lapham,  and  suppo.sed  by  him  to  be 
totemic*  The  mounds  are  found  from  the  Lakes 
throughout  the  Mississippi  Valley,  with  evidences  that 
the  center  of  the  densest  population  was  in  Ohio, 
Kentucky,  and  Tennessee.  But  they  exist  in  every 
State  froin  South  Carolina  to  Florida,  from  Labrador 
and  the  Lakes  to  the  Mississippi  River,  around  the 
Mexican  Gulf,  and  even  in  Mexico  and  across  into  the 
Pacific  States.  All  these  monuments  point  to  the  same 
my.sterious  source.  It  is  difficult  to  say  whether  this 
strange  race  has  become  wholly  extinct,  or  was  the 
progenitor  of  some  of  the  Indians  now  living.f     The 

*Animalsof  one  kiiul  or  anoilier  have  in  every  age  and  in  every 
country  been  selected  to  typify  and  symbolize  both  national  and  relig. 
ious  sentiments  which  it  was  desirable  to  have  popularized  to  secure 
unity  among  a  people.  .Symbols  are  a  kind  of  natural  written  language 
with  the  unlettered  ;  the  practice  of  using  them  was  much  more  com- 
mon in  ancient  limes  than  since  the  invention  of  an  alphabet.  We  all 
know  how  effectively  the  Christian  Church  has  introduced  the  figures 
of  the  lamb,  the  lion,  the  dove,  the  serpent,  the  pelican,  the  fish,  the 
ox,  and  many  others.  The  figures  of  animals  have  also  been  ijlaced 
upon  the  flags  and  ensigns  of  nations,  some  adopting  real  and  other 
mythical  animal  figures.  China  and  Japan  have  their  fabulous  dragons, 
other  examples  will  readily  occur  to  every  one.  I  recognize  in  the 
animal  mounds  the  germ  of  the  same  sentiment  which  develops  the 
use  of  symbols  by  civilized  nations. 

fE.  G.  Squier,  who  gave  us  the  first  and  most  systematic  work  on 
the  mounds  and  antiquities  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  held  the  view 
that  the  Mound-Builders  were  a  distinct  race  from  the  Indians.  When 
he  MTote  his  second  work,  entitled  "  Aboriginal  Monuments  of  New 
York,"  he  thought  he  had  sufficient  evidence  to  show  that  the  present 
race  of  Indians  had  erected  the  mounds  in  that  section.     Since  then 


44 


toner's  address. 


probabilities  arc  in  (Ixvor  of  the  former  suppos.t.on, 
for  the  habits  of  the  hunter  Indians  ever  since  the  dis- 
covery of  America  are  entirely  opposed  to  any  assump- 
tion that  would  attribute  to  them  the  labor  necessary 
for  the  construction  of  these  works.     There  certainly 
has  been  no  building  of  mounds  and  b.t  little  mtrus.vc 
occupation  of  them  since  Europeans  fust   came   to 
America.      But  the  probabilities   amount  almost  to 
certainty  that  they  have  not  been  generally  occupied 
within  the  last  thousand  years.     There  are  found  in 
many  parts  of  our  country  the  remains  of  large  and 
well-designed  fortifications,  as  well  as  of  walled  cities 
A  fine  example  of  the  latter  was  recently  discovered 
in  the  valley  of  the    Rio  Chama.  near  Abiquiu.  N. 
Mex    by  Assistant  Surgeon  M.  C.  Yarrow,  U.  S  A 
which  is  described  and  figured  in  Lieut.  G.  M.  Wheeler's 

Report  for  1 87  5 ,  p^  145 -"^ 

ho>^;;;;;:=.ccording7;Mr.BaUlwi.Mr.:in  h.s  Ancient  America  (p^ 
„r  Mr  Sqnier  has  reaiT.rmecl  hi.  first  opinion  on  the  suhject  of  the 
Mound-Buiiaers,  and  now  holds  them  to  be  a  distinct  race. 

*  It  will  be  remembered  that  Dr.  Hildreth  counted  over  eight  hnn- 

u  u-Zt^\  Society  of  Ohio,  dwelt  upon  the  fact  that  lands  ahan- 
,he  1  ...onca    J°7y°^^',„,,„,K'e  growths  of  scrubby  timber. 

doned  are  not.  ^^^' ^'''^ ^^^^lir^g  class  that  do.ninate  all  others  and 
„Uen  possess,.,  of^by  a  pre    ,     g^  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^^.^  ^^^^,  ^^^^ 

cut  W  the^e  Lests  would  have  required  many  hun  reds  of  years  for 
3:e  commencement  of  such  forest-growths  after  the  lands  were  aban- 
doned  by  the  Mound-Builders. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


45 


These  earth-works  and  the  archaeological  antiquities 
obtained  from  tlieni  have  forniore  than  a  century  been 
attracting  the  occasional  notice  of  our  historians  and 
scientists.  Large  collections  of  relics  from  them  have 
been  made  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  by  univer- 
sities, and  by  individuals.  The  Smithsonian  from 
the  time  of  its  organization  has  taken  special  pains 
to  form  a  cabinet  of  An.„rican  antiquities  and  to 
obtain  all  possible  information  relating  to  the  abo- 
riginal races  of  North  America.  The  first  Con- 
tribution to  Knowledge,  published  under  Smithson's 
munificent  bequest,  which  has  been  so  judiciously  ad- 
ministered by  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  was  prepared  by 
Squier  and  Davis,  and  entitled  "Ancient  Monuments 
of  the  Mississippi  Valley."* 

*The  Smithsonian  Institution  in  1871  published  a  second  quarto 
vohiitie  by  Mr,  Squier,  entitled  "  The  Aboriginal  Monuments  of  the 
State  of  New  York."  It  also  issued  a  volume,  by  Col.  Charles  Whit- 
tlesy,  entitled  "Ancient  Works  in  Ohio;"  also  a  volume  by  the  same 
author  entitled  "Ancient  Mining  in  Lake  Superior."  The  seventh 
volume  of  Contributions  to  Knowledge  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
contains  Dr.  Lapham's  admir.ible  treatise  on  the  Antiquities  of  Wis- 
consin. This  work  is  devoted  to  a  delineation  of  what  are  denomi- 
n.ated  "animal  mounds,"  which  are  supposed  to  have  been  chiefly 
totemic  or  symbols  of  allied  families  and  tribes  of  Indians.  In  a  few 
instances  only  have  liuman  rem.iins,  utensils,  and  implements  been 
found  in  them.  These  earth-works  are  so  constructed  as  to  very  closely 
resemble  particular  animals,  as  the  bear,  the  turtle,  eagle,  and  many 
others,  but  of  gigantic  size.  In  1855  there  was  published  in  the 
Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge  a  work  entitled  ''Archa:  jlogy 
of  the  United  States,"  prepared  l)y  Simuet  F.  H:»ven.  In  1876  a 
carefully-written  volume  appeared  in  the  Contributions  to  Knowledge, 
prepared  by  Dr.  Joseph  Jones,  entitled  "  Explorations  of  the  Aborig- 
inal Remains  of  Tennessee,"  which  region  of  our  country  is  particu- 
larly rich  in  caves,  tumuli,  and  stone  mounds  containing  archreological 
remains  of  a  prehistoric  race.  The  same  year  a  volume  entitled 
the  "Archaeological  Collection  of  the  United  States  National  Museum" 


JMIWWiffi— Wi— i 


■Mi 


46 


TONER  S   AnnKKSS. 


The  Smithsonian  Institution  contains  a  wonderfully 
rich  collection   of  architolo^ical   specimens  obtained 
from  the  mounds,  including;  weapons,  implements,  ami 
ornaments  in  stone,  pottery,  and  to  somesmall  extent  of 
wood  and  copper,  and  many  articles  the  use  of  which 
is  unknown.     The  specimens  which   illustrate  ancient 
American   arch:eoloj;y    have    been    derived  from   all 
parts  of  the  continent  and  contributed  by  a  host  of 
collectors.     Major  Powell,  Professor  Ilayden,  Lieuten- 
ant Wheeler,  Mr  Dall.and  many  others,  have  added 
largely  to  the  collection  which  illustrates  the  habits  of 
the  North  American  Indians.     The  collection  admir- 
ably exhibits  the  degree  of  art  possessed  by  prehistoric 
as  well  as  existing  tribes.* 

was  prepared  l)y  Charles  R.-xu.     Tliis  work  must  prove  to  be  of  great 
value  to  those  interested  in  the  anti(iuities  of  America.   In  1866  J.ames 
C.  Swan  prepared  for  tlic  Contriliutions  to  KnowIedRe  a  volume  on 
the    Indians  of    Cape  Flattery,  Washington  Territory,  bringing   to 
light  many  hilherlo  unknown  facts  in  relation  to  the   Indians  in  the 
northwestern  section  of  the  United  States.     I  will  mention  only  one 
other  of  the  many  valuable  Contributions  to  Knowledge  on  the  suliject 
of  the  anlifiuities  of  North  Ameiica,  issued  by  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution, a  work  prep.ired  by  L.  II.  Morgan,  on  "  Systems  of  Consan- 
guinity and  Affinity."     Those  interested  in  this  study  will  also  find  in 
the  miscellaneous  publications  of  the  Institution,  and  particularly  in 
the  annual  reports,  two  or  three  articles  each  year  relating  to  the 
antiquities  of  America.     The  bibliography  of  works  treating  upon 
this  subject  is  extensive,  and  is  yearly  being  added  to  by  careful  ob- 
servers  and  profound  thinkers.     A  series  of  quarto  volumes  are  now 
being  published  by  Prof.  J.  W.  IVwell,  entitled  "  Contributions  to 
North  American  Ethnology,"  the  first  volume  of  which  has  appeared. 
*  I  do  but  simple  justice  to  state  that  this  collection  is  open  to  the 
public,  and  every  facility  afforded  investigators  to  examine  and  com- 
pare specimens  and  to  consult  the  valuable  libraries  of  the  institution. 
All  articles  are  named,  and  the  locality  whence  obtained,  as  far  as 
practicable,  given.     This  is  also  true  of  the  collection  in  the  Army 
Medical  Museum. 


"■"iP^^"SaHs«5|!?^i^f??Si*->i:^ 


ROCKV    MOINTAIN    MKDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


47 


It  was  my  desire  to  discuss  more  "'n  detail  the  evi- 
dences of  the  {freat  antiquity  of  the  mounds,  and  to 
bring  together  the  discoveries  and  facts  warranting 
this  deduction  from  the  implements  found  in  the  tu- 
muh,  but  time  does  not  permit.  I  will,  however, 
add  that  the  implements  and  skeletons  of  recog- 
nized Mound-Ruilders  that  have  thus  far  been  col- 
lected are  perhaps,  considering  the  tens  of  thousands 
of  moimds  that  exist,  fewer  than  might  be  supposed. 
Fragments  of  implements  and  utensils  of  intrusive 
occupiers,  as  well  as  their  skeletons,  often  found  in  the 
same  mound,  complicate  the  question  of  race  as  well 
as  that  of  the  period  of  first  deposit. 

Dr.  G.  A.  Otis,  U.  S.  A.,  has  made  the  osteological 
structure  of  the  prehistoric  and  Indian  races  of  Amer- 
ica a  special  study.  His  admirable  collection  of  crania 
and  skeletons  from  the  early  burial-places  of  America 
is  a  valuable  addition  to  the  Army  Medical  Museum 
in  Washington,  and  is  the  finest,  if  we  except  that  of 
the  later  Pofessor  Morton,  of  Philadelphia,  so  rich  in 
foreign  crania,  of  any  in  the  United  States.  It  contains 
six  complete  skeletons  and  one  hundred  and  sixty  four 
crania,  and  hundreds  of  incomplete  skeletons  of  Mound- 
Builders.  From  an  examination  of  these,  I  am  inclined 
to  believe  they  do  not  represent  a  race  of  as  large  stat- 
ure as  the  average  Indian  of  the  present  day.  The  fol- 
lowing points  may  be  presented  as  pretty  well  ascer- 
tained anatomical  characteristics  .strongly  marked  in 
the  Mound-Builders,  and  in  most  of  the  lower  races. 
The  foramen  magnum  is  farther  back  toward  the  occi- 
put than  it  is  in  the  white  man,  and  examples  of 
the  persistence  of  the  frontal  suture  in  adult  life  are 


^1 


Ifr 


<M 


P 


Wi 


48 


TONKkS   AllDKESS. 


nuich  more  infrequent  tlian  in  the  luiropean  races,  or 
in  the  white  stock  of  mixed  bh)od  in  this  country. 
The  ossa  tri<iuetra  or  Worntian  hones  are  more  fre- 
quently met  with.  The  cranial  capacity  .seems  less,  the 
supraorbital  ritl}.jes  are  more  stron{(ly  liefined,  anil  the 
facial  angle  is  small  and  apc-Iike.  The  tibia  is  almost 
always  bowed  forward  and  notably  flattened  and 
sharpened — a  condition  uniformly  present,  which  has 
been  called  platycnemism.  The  pelvis  is  less  dished 
or  curved,  and  the  sacral  and  coccygeal  bones  are 
more  nearly  vertical.  The  sigmoid  fossa  of  the  hu- 
merus is  nearly  always  perforated,  anti  the  se.samoi^l 
bones  are  more  numerous.  Artificial  deformities  of 
the  skull,  generally  with  asymmetrical  portions  or 
flattening,  is  common  in  crania  taken  from  tumuli  in 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Mi.ssi.ssippi.* 

It  has  been  stated  by  Morton  and  others  that  the 
conmion  wants  of  human  beings  in  no  wise  related 
lead  them  under  similar  circumstances  to  adopt  very 
much  the  .same  habits  of  life  and  means  for  obtaining 
food  and  securing  shelter.  If  this  hypothesis  be  cor- 
rect, it  is  less  surprising  that  the  savage  races  living 

♦Thoi^e  .nterested  in  ihe  subject  would  do  well  to  consult  Dr. 
IleriiLinii  Welckcr's  "Researches  on  the  Growth  and  Structure  of 
the  liuinnii  Crunia,"  and  a  pnpcr  announced  before  the  I'hilosophical 
Society  of  Washington  on  the  pcrsistenc  ■  the  frontal  suture  ob- 
served  in  the  crania  of  adult  Mound-Uuilders,  also  chapter  VIII. 
on  the  Crania  of  the  Mound-Iluilders,  in  J.  W.  Foster's  "  Prehistoric 
Races  of  the  United  States  "  and  "A  Study  of  the  Skulls  and  Long 
Uones  found  in  Mounds"  with  a  table  of  measurements,  by  R.  J.  l'"ar- 
qaharson,  M.  D.,  in  Ihe  Annual  Kefwrt  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion for  1874,  p.  361  ;  also  the  opinion  of  Prof.  Jeflfreys  Wyman,  in 
the  Fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  Peabody  Institute  for  1871,  Peschel's 
Races  of  Men  and  other  works. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


49 


at  ilic  extremes  of  North  ami  Soutli  Amprica,  under 
very  similar  climatic  conditions,  have  nearly  the  same 
habits,  and  arc  all  in  a  deplorably  low  state  of  savaj^c 
life.  The  fact  is  familiar  to  yon  that  the  tribes  from 
Hehrin^f's  Strait  along  the  I-'rozcn  Sea,  Alaska,  and 
British  America,  as  well  as  those  of  Patagonia,  within 
,  the  fro/en  zone  of  .South  America,  are  all  living  in  a 
state  of  savagery,  none  of  them  having  advanced  in 
the  arts  beyond  what  is  denominated  the  rough 
stone  age.  On  the  American  continent  between  these 
extremes  and  within  the  tropics  on  either  side  of  the 
equator,  civilization  founded  empires  anil  grew  to 
power,  building  cities  which  rivaled  in  grandeur  the 
finest  contemporary  architecture  of  ICurope.  I  need 
hardly  say  that  I  allude  to  the  civilization  and  archi- 
tecture of  Central  America,  Yucatan,  Mexico,  and 
Peru.  Whether  the  people  who  erected  the  cities  of 
Mexico,  Uxmal,  Palcnquc,  and  Quito  were  the  ances- 
tors or  descendants  of  the  Mound-Builders,  or  quite  a 
distinct  people,  has  not,  and  perhaps  never  may  be, 
determined.  It  is  very  probable  that  they  were  in 
some  way  related.  Kach  view  has  able  advocates, 
though  1  shall  not,  on  this  occasion,  attempt  to  present 
their  arguments. 

It  is  known  to  you  that  the  people  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, Mexico,  and  Peru  developed  an  elaborate  archi- 
tecture and  a  sy.stem  of  government  and  religion  pecu- 
liar to  themselves,  differing  from  those  of  any  other 
race.  They  also  produced  a  literatu'  2  of  their  own  ; 
most  of  the  latter  has,  unfortunately,  been  lost. 

The  Indians  of  the  present  period,  if  not  the  true 
aborigines  of  America,  were  the  pre-Columbian  oc- 


I 


II 


V 


I'! 


50 


TONKRS  ADDRESS. 


ciipirn  of  the  I.uid.  The  testimony  of  the  early 
voyajjers  and  explorers  is  tiefinite  aii<l  uniform  as  to 
their  ^'encral  cliaracteristies,  tlieir  peculiar  mode  of 
life,  their  government  and  their  arts.  Their  {^rade  of 
advancement  was  manifest  in  their  social  and  domestic 
life,  in  the  construction  of  their  wij^wams,  the  location 
of  viliaj^es,  the  variety  of  their  food,  their  domestic 
utensils,  their  dress,*  in  the  care   with  which    they 

*Thc  orijjiii  ii'iil  hisMiry  of  dresi  or  raiment  is  a  sithjtct  of  much 
Inlcrc^t,  in  n  study  of  the  |)roj;re««  of  our  race.  Clothiiij^  se«nis  so 
much  n  matter  of  course,  an>l  which  fashion,  rank,  and  usn^c  now 
control  in  all  civili/.cd  countries,  at  scarcely  ever  to  excite  nn  imiuiry 
as  to  whether  there  wis  a  period  in  the  history  of  man  when  he  did 
not  wear  it.  If  we  accept  the  theory  that  the  human  race  has 
emerjjcd  from  a  slate  of  savagery,  this  condition  certaiidy  existed,  and 
with  it  a  moral  sense  so  feehle  as  not  to  rccojjni/e  sha~<ie,  and  unahle 
to  control  any  desire  on  ethical  (grounds.  It  is  evident  that  the  pur- 
poses of  dress  amonjj  such  a  people  would  be  ('ifl'ercnt  from  that 
which  j;overns  civilized  society  at  llie  present  time.  From  a  study  of 
the  haliits  and  usages  of  the  uncivilized  races,  it  is  |)rolial>le  that 
drest  originated  more  in  a  necessity  to  protect  exposed  parts  from  in- 
jury and  annoyance,  than  from  any  mental  or  moral  conception  of  its 
])ropriety.  It  is  undoulitedly  true  that  climate  as  well  as  the  produc- 
tions of  a  region  md  the  niclhods  ailopled  by  races  for  procuring  food, 
may  tu  some  extent  determine  whether  the  wh<ile  body  or  a  part  only 
be  covered.  For  instance,  the  Kscpiimaux,  from  the  rigor  of  the  cli. 
mate,  covers  the  whole  body  as  a  defense  against  the  extreme  cold  ; 
while  races  living  within  the  tropics,  where  clothing  is  not  re(|uired 
for  this  purpose,  are  found  to  dwell  in  a  state  of  almost  complete 
nudity.  The  hunter  and  trapper,  living  by  the  chase,  would  naturally 
need  and  wear  moccasins,  the  breech-clout,  and  perhaps  leggings, 
while  those  living  by  fishing  might  be  rather  inconvenienced  by  them. 
The  North  American  Indians,  and  particularly  those  living  in  the 
southern  |>arts  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  this  continent  was  first 
visited  by  Europeans,  were  found  to  live  in  nearly  a  nude  state,  or  to 
wear  little  more  than  an  apron.  Farther  north,  tribes  depending  on 
game  for  subsistence  wore  in  cold  weather  not  only  moccasins  and 


cultivj 
in   laj' 

lfgK'"K' 
suspend 
also  ser 
great   si 
against 
would  ri 
Irue  iha 
lor   hum 
motive   I 
reason  f 
An  inijui 
covered 
lastc  for  I 
<lecorati(j 
kinds  art 
The  aprc 
than  frot 
tribes   to 
manner, 
care,  whi 
is  genera 
in  front  a 
from   the 
rear,     h 
some  kin 
in  order 
tribes  tha 
ilized  rai 
About  th 
I'ody  tha 
but   its  u' 
an  imprc 
It  is  gene 
deed  oth( 
sexes, 
since  the 
the  love  i 


KOCKY    MOUNTAIN    MFPICAI.   ASSOCIATION. 


5« 


cultivated  iIk-  soil,  and  in  tlic  exercise  of  foretlioii^jht 
ill  lading  up  provisions  in  suimncr  for  cunsuinption 

I'RRinK*.  fjut  nn  ntMitlonnl  larjjc  drcwcd  skin  or  skin^  which  thry 
fciisjicMKloil  from  the  shiiiililfr  niid  wrapiied  iirmind  Ihc  Imdy.  'Ihln 
nl'*!*  siTVPcl  ns  n  couch  at  iii({hl.  Ainonjr  |iriiiiilivc  races,  ulicrc  the 
|{rft\t  ilrii({j;le  "f  life  is  to  provide  fuud  ami  to  defend  Ihcniiielvei 
n){aiii:it  the  altacksi  of  rnpaclous  aiiiin.ilH,  it  ix  natural  that  clothing 
would  receive  liiit  little  consideration  except  for  iiroteclioii.  If  it  he 
true  that  r'vilizition  multiplies  our  wants,  religion  supplies  motives 
for  human  conduct  which  elevates  the  race ;  the  two  add  a  new 
motive  for  dress  hy  educatinj{  a  sense  of  shame,  which  places  the 
reason  for  clothing  the  liody  larj;ely  un<ler  the  control  of  the  mind. 
An  impiiry  into  the  dress  of  uncivilized  races  shows  that  the  parts  lirsl 
covered  hy  them  are  uiidoulitedly  those  reipiiriiiK  protection.  A 
taste  for  ornamenting  Ihehody  hy  painlinif,  tattooin;;,  nnointint;,and  hy 
decorations,  such  a*  wearing;  heads  and  strings  of  trophies  of  v.irious 
kinds  around  the  neck  and  linihs,  is  practiced  hy  all  primitive  races. 
The  apron  or  kilt  is  often  used  more  as  an  adornment  of  the  body 
than  from  any  other  motive.  Much  care  is  taken  hy  most  savage 
trihes  to  decorate  tlie  head,  and  '.o  anan^je  the  hair  in  a  fanciful 
manner.  I''r«(iutntly  the  head  and  neck  are  dressed  with  elaborate 
care,  while  the  rest  of  the  body  is  left  entirely  uncovtred.  'The  apron 
is  ^;enerally  worn  in  front,  hut  sometimes  behind  ;  some  wear  two,  one 
in  front  and  the  other  behind,  while  others  wear  two  but  suspend  thein 
from  (he  sides,  and  frerpie ntly  they  fail  to  meet  in  front  and  ii\  the 
rear.  It  is  true,  however,  that  the  use  of  an  apron  or  brerch-clout  of 
some  kind  is  amon^  the  earliest  articles  of  dress  worn  ;  perhaps  next 
in  order  is  the  sandal,  or  moccasin,  and  particularly  hy  males  among 
tribes  that  live  hy  the  chase.  The  youth  of  both  sexes  of  most  unciv- 
ilized races  in  trojiical  regions  are  left  entirely  without  clothing. 
About  the  age  of  puberty,  and  more  from  a  desire  of  decorating  the 
body  than  from  any  sense  of  propriety  or  shame,  the  apron  is  put  on, 
but  its  use  is  not  considered  a  matter  of  consequence  or  its  omi.-.sion 
an  impropriety.  The  two  sexes  dress  nearly  in  the  same  manner. 
It  is  generally  known  that  among  the  Chinese  and  Japanese,  and  in- 
deed other  eastern  peoples,  the  same  dress,  neorly,  serves  for  the  two 
sexes.  A  wonderful  advance  has  taken  place  in  the  ethics  of  dress 
since  the  advent  of  Christianity,  hut  it  cannot  be  denied  that  much  of 
the  love  of  dress  is  due  to  the  mental  delight  and  satisfaction  it  afTords 


] 


1  1 1' 


I' 


52 


TONERS   ADDRESS. 


1, 


during  the  winter.  Tiicir  intelligence  was  further  in- 
dicated by  the  implements  used  in  the  chase,  in  war, 

rather  than  to  any  ovcriiowcriiifj  sense  of  modesty  or  neccssily. 
Doiil)tless  there  areniany  factors  which  assist  in  determining  a  prefer- 
ence for  the  material  nsed  and  the  form  and  number  of  garments  to 
cover  the  liody  in  ilifi'.'rent  countries.  Cliristian  civilization  has  required 
distinctiveness  in  the  dress  of  religious  and  privileged  classes,  and 
particularly  of  the  se.xes.  The  development  of  the  idea  of  the  desir- 
alilentss  as  wt-ll  as  the  manner  of  clothini;  the  lower  limhs  of  men 
separately  in  pantaloons  that  reach  the  feet  has  been  a  matter  of  slow 
growth  and  accomplished  within  the  memory  of  persons  now  living. 
Improvement  in  the  convenience  of  the  dress  of  females  has  not  pro- 
gressed as  with  the  opposite  sex.  The  earliest  examples  of  the  body 
.so  clad  as  to  permit  the  free  use  of  the  lower  extremities  as  welt  as  the 
upper  is  to  be  found  in  the  sculptured  (inures  dressed  in  armor  of 
Egyptian  and  Phivnician  origin.  The'line  of  progress  and  inven- 
tion in  dress  throughout  the  Greek  and  Roman  civilizations  is  pretty 
well  known.  Changes  in  national  peculiarities  of  cost'ime,  even  in 
modern  times,  are  very  slow,  so  that  the  taste  of  one  age  is  frequently 
shocked  by  the  lingering  characteristics  of  a  jireceding  one.  This 
however,  is  as  true  of  popular  sentiments  and  behavior  of  a  people,  or 
of  an  age,  as  of  the  material  and  form  of  their  dress.  And,  it  should 
be  borne  in  mind,  retrogression  in  either  is  as  natural  as  progress. 

I  will  give  one  instance  showing  the  tendency  to  reirogression  in 
dress,  although  there  are  many  that  could  be  cited,  within  historical 
times.  The  following  fact  is  recorded  in  the  notes  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Joseph  Doddridge,  published  in  Samuel  Kercheval's  Ilistoiy  of  the 
Valley  of  Virginia,  p.  339  :  "  In  the  latter  years  of  the  Indian  war  our 
young  men  became  more  enamored  of  the  Indian  dress  throughout 
with  the  exception  of  the  m.itch  coat.  The  drawers  were  laid  aside 
and  the  leggings  made  longer,  so  as  to  reach  the  upper  part  of  the 
thigh.  The  Indian  breech-clout  was  adopted.  This  was  a  piece  of 
linen  or  cloth  nearly  a  yard  long  and  eight  or  nine  inches  broad.  This 
passed  under  the  belt  before  and  behind,  leaving  the  ends  for  flaps, 
hanging  before  and  behind  over  the  belt.  These  belts  were  some- 
times ornamented  with  some  coarse  kind  of  embroidery-work.  To 
the  same  belts  which  secured  the  breech-clout,  strings  which  sup- 
ported the  long  leggings  were  attached.  When  this  belt,  as  was  often 
the  case,  passed  over  the  hunting-shirt,  the  upper  part  of  the  thighs 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION. 


53 


s  further  in-    . 
lasc,  in  war, 

ir   or    necessity, 
niniiiga  prefer- 
of  garments  to 
ion  has  required 
;ed  classes,  and 
ea  of  tlie  desir- 
;r  limbs  of  men 
matter  of  slow 
lOns  now  liviug. 
lies  has  not  pro- 
pies  of  the  body 
es  as  well  as  the 
ssed  in  armor  of 
jressand  inven- 
z.Uions  is  pretty 
:ost'\me,  even  in 
age  is  frequently 
iding  one.     This 
>r  ol  a  people,  or 
And,  it  should 
1  as  progress. 

retrogression  in 
within  historical 
of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
's  Histoiy  of  the 
le  Indian  war  our 
dress  throughout 
s  were  laid  aside 
upper  part  of  the 
lis  was  a  piece  of 
iches  broad.  This 
he  ends  for  flaps, 
belts  were  some- 
lidery-wovk.  To 
trings  which  sup- 
belt,  as  was  often 
part  of  the  thighs 


and  in  their  manner  of  constructing  movable  wigwams 
or  comparatively  peimanent  villages  of  family  lodges, 
communal  houses,  and  in  their  modes  of  life  as  con- 
trasted with  the  purely  nomadic  habits  of  hunting  and 
fishing  tribes.* 

and  part  of  the  hips  were  naked.  The  young  warrior,  instead  of 
being  abashed  by  this  nudity,  was  proud  of  his  Indi.an-like  dress.  In 
some  few  instances  I  have  seen  them  go  into  places  of  public  worship 
in  this  dress." 

■*  It  is  a  fact  deserving  of  remembrance  that  the  world  is  indebted 
to  Anierici  for  two  of  its  most  important  articles  of  food,  maize  or 
Indian  corn,  and  the  p  Jtato,  now  commonly  called  the  Irish  potato. 
Corn,  beans,  peas,  melons  and  many  roots  were  cultivated  by  the 
Indians  in  North  America  when  first  visited  by  Kmopeans.  That 
now  jtaple  article  of  commerce  and  luxury  of  the  world,  tobacco,  was 
n"soii!anted  and  extensively  used  by  the  Indians  of  North  America. 

L?u  I'ratz,  an  accurate  observer  and  a  resident  of  the  Lower  Missis- 
sippi for  fifteen  years,  in  his  history  of  Louisiana,  gives  an  account  of 
the  great  quantities  of  corn  grown  by  the  Natchez  Iiulians.  Me  w,vs 
living  .imong  them  in  1720,  and  at  one  time  received  from  them 
"  twenty  barrels  of  maize  of  one  hundred  j,;,d  fifty  pounds  tach."  He 
also  describes  the  fruitfulness  of  the  soil,  the  fine  crops  of  potatoes, 
(possibly  the  sweet  potato),  beans,  melons,  and  other  vegetables  and 
grains  cultivated  by  the  ludi  .ns.  Agriculture  was  also  carried  on  in 
Virginia  and  North  Carolina  to  a  very  considerable  extent. 

Smith,  in  his  History  of  Virginia,  vol.  I,  p.  131,  s?.ys  :  "  Their  houses 
are  in  the  midst  of  their  fields  or  gardens,  which  are  small  plots  or 
ground,  some  twenty  acies,  some  forty,  some  one  hundred,  some  two 
hundred,  some  more  and  some  less.  In  some  places  from  two  to  fifty 
of  their  houses  are  together,  or  but  little  separated  by  groups  oftrees." 
On  page  191  in  the  same  volume  he  tells  us  that  in  September,  1608, 
he  received  from  the  Nansamond  Indians  at  one  time  four  hundred 
baskets  full  of  corn.  And  when  the  infant  colony  was  suffering 
from  want  of  provisions,  the  Chickahominy  Indians  furnished  him 
with  one  hundred  bushels.  Great  heaps  of  corn,  he  says,  were  to 
be  seen  in  the  villages  of  the  Kekoughtan  and  other  tribes.  The  early 
colonists  had  from  time  to  time  received  corn  and  other  provisions 
from  Powhatan  and  his  subjects  along  the  James  River. 


t 


■■\ 


ilf'J 


54 


rONER  S   ADDRESS. 


!     |i^  r- 


The  most  successful  attempt  at  confedcrUion  and 
unity  of  government  among  Indian  tribes  with  which 
we  are  acquainted,  originated  witli  the  Iroquois  or  Six 
Nations,  hving  in  the  Northern  and  Middle  States  of 
our  Union.  The  Algonkin,  a  once  numerous  race  or 
league  which  occupied  the  Upper  Mississippi  Val- 
ley and  the  Lake  region,  parts  of  New  England,  and 
extended  as  flir  south  as  Pamlico  Sound,  though  .still 
numerous  and  warlike  at  the  time  the  European  settle-. 
ment  commenced  in  Massachusetts,  had  already  begun 
to  decline  in  power.  Other  tribes  of  considerable 
note  in  the  early  history  of  our  country  are  deserving 
of  mention.  It  is  well  known  to  you  that  the  Indians 
residing  in  the  southern  parts  of  the  Union  had  also 
formed  tribal  compacts  and  manifested  some  pre- 
tensions  to  nationality.*      Of  the.se    the    chief  was 

The  Iroquois  or  Six  Nations  were  also  successful  agriculturists,  and 
the  most  powerful  Indian  confede  ration  in  America.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  the  American  Revolution  they  were  more  advanced  in  the  war- 
like arts  than  other  tribes.  They  owed  perhaps  much  of  their  progress 
to  the  French  missionaries,  and  to  the  early  introduction  of  fire-arms 
and  edge-tools  received  from  the  traders  who  had  been  for  a  century 
and  more  among  them.  They  became  quite  provident,  too,  in  laying  up 
stores  of  grain  and  provisions  for  winter's  use.  This  they  were  en- 
abled to  do  by  the  cultivation  of  considerable  tracts  of  land  in  corn, 
beans,  and  vegetables,  and  had  orchards  of  apple  trees.  The  peach 
plum,  and  apple  were  also  cultivated  in  Virginia  and  North  Carolina. 
The  Pueblo  Indians  of  Taos,  in  New  Mexico,  disposed  of  6,000  bush- 
els of  fine  wheat  raised  by  themselves  to  the  United  States  quarter 
master  in  1875. 

*The  confederacy  of  the  Iroquois  consisted  at  first  of  five  indepen- 
dent tribes,  then  of  six,  and  finally  of  seven.  The  Powhatan  confed- 
eracy  was  formed  of  at  least  three  independent  tribes;  the  Creek  con- 
federacy consisted  of  six  tribes  ;  the  Ottawa  of  three.  The  Dacotah 
league  had  seven   fires  and  the  Moqui  confederacy  seven   pueblas. 


ration  and 
Aith  which 
jois  or  Six 
2  States  of 
)us  race  or 
isippi  Val- 
gland.  and 
ough  still 
ican  settle-, 
ady  begun 
msiderable 

deserving 
he  Indians 
1  had  also 
ome    pre- 

chief  was 

ul  ttirisiB,  and 
At  tile  begin- 
:tl  in  tlie  war- 
their  progress 
I  of  fire-arms 
for  a  century 
,  in  laying  up 
hey  were  en- 
land  in  corn, 
The  peach 
rth  Carolina, 
if  6,000  bush- 
tates  quarter 

five  indepen- 
latan  confed- 
e  Creek  con- 
rhe  Dacotah 
.ren   pueblas. 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  55 

Powhatan,  who  gave  his  own  name  to  a  confederation 
wh.ch  included  the  tribes  of  the  Monacans,  and  Man- 
nahoacks,  and  perhaps  others,  who  lived  to  the  west 
and  i)orthcast  of  the  mouth  of  the  James   River  and 
among  the   foot-lulls  of  tiie  Blue    Ridge  and   Alle- 
ghany Mountains.    This  Indian  potentate,  at  the  time 
of  the  first  settlement  of  Jamestown  in  1607,  was  gener- 
ally recognized  by  the  Indians  as  a  sort  of  king,  and 
maintained  a  numerous  retinue  of  hunters  and  warriors 
This  confederation  had  made  some  progress  toward 
civilization,  if  judged  from  the  point  of  view  of  having 
fixed  habitations,  peaceful  pursuits,  and  the  possession 
of  some  of  the  useful  arts,  the  most  important  of  which 
was  agriculture. 

The  intelligence  to  provide  stores  of  grain,  fish,  and 
othe.  a.  :les^of  subsistence,  was  the  first  step  to  the 
recogK  ■  ^  property,  and  one  essential  to  civiliza- 

tion. :         '  „d  passed  out  of  the  condition  of  .savagery 
Although  some  tribes  north  of  the  Potomac  had  ad- 
vanced so  far  as  to  erect  dwellings  of  a  more  or  less 
permanent  character,  and  even   to  cultivate   certain 
crops,   yet,  leaving  out  the  Pueblo  Indians   of  New 
Mexico,  none  either  north  or  south  seem  to  have  at- 
tained that  degree  of  civilization  which  erected  tem- 
ples and  recognized  not  only  a  priest  but  a  priesthood 
and  practiced  a  fixed  system  of  religious  worship  ex- 
cept the  Natchez  tribe,  with  its  affiliated  branches  of 
Indians  living  on  the  Lower  Mississippi.   As  religion  is 
°"^  °^  ^he  chief  elements  in  unifying  a  people,  it  is 

The  New  England  Pokanoket  c^iifedeT^^i^^T^ii^^^;;;;;; 
several  tnbes  and  a  large  section  of  country.  Doubtless  there  were 
other  confederacies  of  which  I  have  no  data. 


■h 


56 


toner's  address. 


probable  that  among  the  Mound-Buiklcrs  and  their 
successors,  the  Natchez  Indians,  there  may  have  ex- 
isted a  sort  of  primacy  or  unity  of  religion  throughout 
the  Mississippi  Valley.     This  possibly  may  have  been 
serpent  and  sun  worship,  or  some  form  of  religion  in 
which  these  were  figures  that  symbolized  a  meaning  of 
which  we  have  no  knowledge.*     It  is  an  interesting 
question  in  ethnology  to  account  for  the  fact  and  to  as- 
certain whence  came  the  races  of  semi-civilized  village 
and  communal  Indians  now  occupying  the  region  of  our 
country  included  within  the  territories  of  New  Mexico, 
Arizona,  and  the  southern  parts  of  Colorado  and  Utah. 
It  is  believed  by  many,  that  within  this  boundary  once 
existed  an  old  civilization,  older  even  than  the  Seven 
Cities  of  Cibola.     The  population  in  this  region  was 
once  very  considerable,  particularly  along  the  water- 
courses of  the  Gila,  the  Casas  Grandcs,  the  Del  Norte, 
the  Colorado,  the  head  branches  of  the  Arkansas,  the 
Pecos,  the  San  Juan,  the  Chamas,  the  Chaco,  the  Ca- 
nadian, the   Puerco  of  the  West,  and   other  streams 
throughout  the  rich  adjacent  mountain  valleys.    There 
are    within  this  re<;ion  a  number  of  distinct   tribes, 
speaking  different  languages,  yet  possessing  so  many 

"*  It  is  tiuc  that  in  a  few  caves  and  in  some  of  the  temnles  and  sac 
rificial  mounds  crude  picture  drawings  and  symbols  of  the  sun  and 
other  planetary  bodies,  supposed  to  be  associated  with  sun-worsh.p, 
have  been  found.  This  evidence  seems  to  favor  the  theory  that  the 
Mound-Builders  or  their  immediate  successors  were  sun-worshipers. 
The  Indians  of  historic  times  were  all  more  or  less  superstitious  and 
practiced  wizard  incantations,  which  have  been  erroneously  called  re- 
ligious  observances.  I  ^m  aware  it  is  claimed  that  a  few  tribes  in  New 
Mexico  and  Colorado  practice  a  sort  of  sun-worship.  If  so,  these 
facts  furnish  a  foundation  for  a  claim  to  relationship  with  the  ancient 
Mound-Builders. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


57 


s  and  their 
ay  have  ex- 
throughout 
y  have  been 
f  religion  in 
I  meaning  of 
I  interesting 
ct  and  to  as- 
ilized  village 
region  of  our 
4ew  Mexico, 
Jo  and  Utah, 
undary  once 
m  the  Seven 
;  rccion  wa.s 
I  the  water- 
c  Del  Norte, 
irkansas,  the 
aco,  the  Ca- 
:her  streams 
lleys.    There 
itinct   tribes, 
;ing  so  many 

emiiles  and  sac- 
i  of  the  sun  and 
ith  sun-worship, 
I  theory  that  the 
:  sun-worshipers, 
superstitious  and 
leously  called  re- 
ew  tribes  in  New 
lip.  If  so,  these 
with  the  ancient 


traits  in  common  that  they  are  all  denominated  Pue- 
blos, chiefly  because  they  build  large  stone  or  adobe 
communal  houses  of  from  one  to  six  stories  high. 
The  best  known  of  the  tribes  are  the  Pueblo,  the  Zuni, 
the  Moqui,the  Pima,  the  Isleta,and  the  San  Ildefonso, 
all  peaceful  cultivators  of  the  soil.  These  Indians  are 
known  to  have  had  about  the  same  habits  and  modes 
of  life  since  the  time  of  the  expedition  of  Vasques  Co- 
rcnado  in  i540-'42  when  in  search  of  gold  he  plun- 
dered their  cities.  The  work  giving  an  account  of 
his  expedition  was  first  published  in  English  in 
1600.* 

By  means  of  irrigation  these  Indians  of  New  Mexico 
were  enabled  to  cultivate  the  rich  valleys  and  raise 
good  crops  of  wheat,  corn,  cotton,  flax,  and  a  variety 
of  vegetables.  They  had  acquired  a  proficiency  in 
many  arts,  such  as  the  making  of  pottery,  spinning 
and  weaving,  before  they  were  visited  by  the  expedi- 
tion referred  to.  These  people  have  had  the  Gospel 
preached  to  them  for  two  hundred  years,  and  yet 
many  of  them  are  said  to  adhere  to  a  sort  of  sun-wor- 
ship, and  have  houses  in  which  they  maintain  a  per- 
petual sacrificial  fire.  If  it  be  a  fact  that  they  are  sun- 
worshipers,  it  would  naturally  suggest  an  Asiatic 
origin  or  intercourse.  Explorers  have  found  in  this 
region  a  few  mounds  resembling  those  of  the  Missis- 

*  Lieut.  Col.  W.  H.  Emory,  in  Notes  of  a  Military  Reconnaissance 
from  Fort  Leavenworth  to  San  Diego,  Cal.,  page  133,  gives  the  fol- 
lowing as  the  existing  names  of  the  seven  towns  most  nearly  con- 
forming to  the  locality  of  the  ancient  and  marvelously  rich  seven 
cities:  Cibolleta,  Moquino,  Pojuto,  Covero,  Acoma,  Laguna,  Pobla. 
con,  the  last  in  ruins. 


toner's  adoress.  -- 

sippi  Valley.     It  is  possible  that  the  Mound-Builders 
migrated  and  disappeared  in  this  direction.* 

The  Iroquois  of  New  York  State  were  village  In- 
dians, building  long  wooden  houses,  and  lived  in  a 
sort  of  communal  way,  though  they  respected  the  fam- 
ily by  giving  to  each  a  .separate  fire.  They  also  cul- 
tivated the  soil,  growing  corn,  root  vegetables,  and 
fruits,  among  which  is  said  to  have  been  the  apple. 

The  Virginia  Indians  also  lived  in  villages,  around 
some  of  which  were  erected  stockade  defenses  like 
those  of  a  fort.  They  were,  as  already  stated,  provi- 
dent in  their  habits,  laying  up  stores  of  dried  meats, 
fish,  corn,  beans,  and  fruits  for  future  use. 

Village  life  and  agricuUural  pursuits  seem  to  be  the 
path  that  leads  to  civilization,  and  tribes  that  adopted 
them  have  also  led  in  the  arts  of  making  pottery, 
weaving,  etc.  A  number  might  be  named  that  have 
advanced  toward  civilization  within  historic  times. 

The  Cherokees,  once  a  powerful  southern  Indian 
tribe,  have  now  nearly  the  complete  civil  control  of 
the  Indian  Territory,  west  of  the  Mississippi,  to  which 

"capt  A.  R.  Johnston,  in  his  Journal  of  an  Expedition  from  Santa 
F6  to  Mexico  in  1846.  p.  598.  after  describing  the  ruins  of  a  consid- 
erable  city  near  the  Gila  River,  notices  a  mound  of  which  he  gives 
the  following  detailed  description  :  "About  two  hundred  yards  from 
this  building  was  a  mound,  in  a  circle  a  hundred  yards  around.     The 
center  was  hollow,  25    yavds  in  diameter,  with  two  vamps  or  slopes 
going  down  to  its  bottom.    It  was  probably  a  well  now  partly  hlled 
up.     A  similar  one  was  seen  near  Mount  Dallas.    A  few  yards  farther 
in  the  same  direction  northward  was  a  terrace  100  by  70,  about  5 
feet  high.     Upon  this  was  a  pyramid  about  8  feet  high,  and  25  yards 
square  at  the  top.     From  this,  sitting  on  my  horse,  1  could  overlook 
the  vast  plain  lying  N.  E.  and  W.  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Gila.     1  he 
ground  in  view  was  about  15  miles,  all  of  which,  it  would  seem,  had 
been  irrigated  by  the  waters  of  the  Gila." 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


59 


id-Builders 

* 

village  In- 
lived  in  a 
;ed  the  fani- 
ey  also  cul- 
L^tables,  and 
lie  apple, 
ges,  around 
efenses  like 
:ated,  provi- 
dried  meats, 

:m  to  be  the 
:hat  adopted 
ing  pottery, 
;d  that  have 
ric  times, 
hern  Indian 
il  control  of 
)pi,  to  which 

iiion  from  Santa 
ins  of  a  consid- 
which  he  gives 
idred  yards  from 
ds  around.     The 
vamps  or   slopes 
now  partly  filled 
few  yards  farther 
3  by  70,  aliout  S 
igh,  and  25  yards 
1  could  overlook 
)f  the  Gila.     The 
would  seem,  had 


they  were  removed  from  Georgia  in  1838.  Many  of 
them  are  industrious  and  thrifty  agriculturists,  and 
.some  are  good  mechanics.  They  have  invented  an 
alphabet  and  have  a  written  language  and  laws.  The 
Creeks,  also  a  southern  tribe,  now  living  in  the  In- 
dian Territory,  are  advancing  in  civilization  and  peace- 
ful pursuits.  The  Choctaws,  and  also  the  Chickasaws, 
were  once  powerful  tribes  in  the  State  of  Mississippi, 
but  are  now  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  are  advanc  u?: 
in  civilization  and  a  knowledge  of  the  peaceful  arts, 
and  have  in  existence  nearly  one  hundred  schools. 
The  Seminoles,  another  southern  tribe,  were  removed 
to  the  Indian  Territory,  and  are  adopting  the  habits 
of  civilized  people. 

It  is  a  notable  fact  that  Indians  showing  the  greatest 
capacity  for  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  arts  and 
methods  known  to  civilization,  and  at  the  same  time 
increasing  in  population,  are  mostly  of  a  southern 
origin.  But  while  it  is  true  that,  in  the  few  instances 
given,  they  have  shown  a  capacity  for  advancement 
in  the  scale  of  civilization,  yet  it  must  be  confessed, 
and  with  sadness,  that  as  a  people  the  Indian  is  be- 
lieved to  be  disappearing,  in  consequence  of  not  being 
able  to  conform  readily  to  peaceful  and  civilized  habits. 
On  this  point,  however,  Maj.  J.  C.  Powell  takes  issue 
with  the  generally  accepted  view  of  their  gradual  de- 
crease, and  states  that  the  Indians  of  North  America, 
notwithstanding  they  are  confined  to  very  much  nar- 
rower limits,  are  as  numerous  as  at  any  period  in  the 
past.  As  a  general  fact,  the  Indians  of  the  United 
States  are  but  little  more  advanced  than  they  were 
when  first  seen  by  the  Europeans.      It  is  true  that. 


1.! 


il 


iM 


60 


toner's  address. 


through  an  association  with  the  whites,  the  possession 
of  fire-arms  and  edge-tools,  and  the  re-introduction  of 
the  horse,  many  tribes  of  Indians  are  how  able  to  ac- 
complish feats  in  war  and  in  hunting  which,  before 
Europeans  came  among  '.em,  were  impossible;  but 
the  majority  of  the  fishing  and  a  few  of  the  hunter 
tribes  are  still  in  the  stone  age.  The  tribes  associated 
with  the  whi'  2s,  and  those  referred  to  in  the  Indian 
Territory,  have  acquired  some  knowledge  of  the  arts, 
and  to  a  slight  extent  work  in  metals.  The  Pueblos, 
as  already  stated,  were  village  Indians  in  possession  of 
some  of  the  arts  when  America  was  discovered. 

In  studying  the  past  condition  of  the  Indians  we 
should  keep  in  view  the  state  of  the  domestic  arts  and 
comforts  common  in  Europe  at  the  time  of  the  dis- 
covery of  America.  The  best  Indian  houses,  cabins,  or 
wigwams,  at  the  time  European  settlements  com- 
menced in  America,  were,  and  still  are,  without  floors, 
chimneys,  or  windows.  We  naturally  think  these 
very  crude  dwellings,  as  they  undoubtedly  are  ;  never- 
theless, it  is  also  true  that  chimneys  and  windows  were 
then  nowhere  in  common  use,  and  are  of  comparatively 
late  introduction  into  the  dwellings  of  the  middle  and 
working  classes  in  Europe.* 


»  Our  ancestors  four  centuries  ago  had  different  views  of  domestic 
and  personal  comfort  from  those  that  prevail  at  the  present  time.  The 
chimney  for  carrying  off  the  smoke  of  a  house  is  of  modern  in- 
vention. It  was  not  introduced  into  England  before  the  twelfth,  and 
into  Italy  in  the  thirteenth  century.  Even  in  the  seventeenth  century 
throughout  EngUind  the  houses  of  ihe  well-to-do  yeomen  were  without 
chimneys.  This  was  true  of  houses  generally  throughout  Europe. 
The  introduction  of  glass  into  windows  of  dwelling-houses  is  a  still 
more  modern  invention  and  luxury. 


ill 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


6l 


possession 
duct  ion  of 
ble  to  ac- 
ich,  before 
sible;  but 
the  hunter 
associated 
he  Indian 
of  the  arts, 
c  Pueblos, 
psession  of 
:red. 

ndians  we 
:ic  arts  and 
of  the  dis- 
i,  cabins,  or 
lents  com- 
iiout  floors, 
liink  these 
ire ;  never- 
ndows  were 
■nparatively 
middle  and 


vs  of  domestic 
ent  time.  The 
of  modern  in- 
le  twelfth,  and 
iteenth  century 
n  were  without 
ghout  Europe, 
louses  is  a  still 


The  state  of  the  arts  and  commerce  among  the  dif- 
ferent nations  of  Indians  has  been  well  described  by 
Mr.  C.  Rau.'ina  paper  on  "Ancient  Aboriginal  Trade 
in  North  America,"  published  in  the  Smithsonian  Re- 
port for  1872.  lie  shows  that  their  commerce  must 
have  been  considerable  by  way  of  exchange  among 
tribes  living  widely  apart. 

The  ar'-'iaiological  remains  of  North  America 
point  uni  .  .ably  to  the  existence  of  one  or  more 
races  upon  this  continent  anterior  to  the  appearance 
of  the  Indians.  The  evidence  of  this  rests  upon  re- 
mains and  implements  found,  and  the  material  of  which 
they  are  made.  Much  may  be  inferred  from  the  local- 
ity as  well  as  position  from  which  they  are  recovered,  as 
from  caves,  mounds,  gravel-banks,  mines,  and  earth 
deposits,  which  point  to  their  remoteness,  and  bear 
evidence  of  a  sequence  in  time  of  occupation  by  an 
antecedent  and  subsequent  people  of  the  same  locality, 
as  well  as  their  degree  of  development,  to  be  inferred 
from  the  implements  themselves. 

Shells  from  the  Pacific  obsidians  and  flints  from 
Mexico  have  frequently  been  found  in  the  mounds  of 
the  Mississippi  Valley.  Their  skill  in  the  arts  is 
shown  by  their  implements  of  war  and  of  the  cha.se, 
fishing,  agriculture,  domestic  utensils,  and  by  their 
more  elaborate  carving  in  stone  and  on  shells,  and 
their  work  in  pottery  of  various  forms,  burnt  and 
glazed.  Some  of  the  figures  modeled  in  clay  or  cut 
in  stone  are  fanciful  enough,  but  many  resemble  ani- 
mals they  admired  or  dreaded,  and,  although  rude, 
are  readily  recognized.  In  a  few  localities  polished 
stone  implements  have  been  found,  and  some  attempts 


:|1: 


ti! 


63 


toner's  addkess. 


if) 


m£ 


seem  to  have  been  made  to  liaminer  the  native 
copper  into  ornaments  and  weapons.  A  few  tribes 
manufactured  stone  pipes  of  tiifferent  colors,  which 
they  carved  elaborately  and  ornamented  with  peculiar 
figures,  pjrhaps  totemic  in  their  ch.iractcr. 

As  intimated  heretofore,  the  Indians  that  have  {^ivcn 
the  greatest  evidence  of  improvement  all  cultivated  the 
soil  and  had  comparatively  fixed  habitations.     Tribes 
as  they  grew  powerful  elected  their  chiefs  with  more 
care, and  respected  those  in  a.ithority,  decorated  their 
bodies  with  more  art,  and  their  ceremonies  became 
more  comprehensive  and  imi)rcssive.     Their  villages 
gradually   acquired   greater   permanence    and     their 
dwellings  were  constructed  with  a  view  to  more  com- 
fort, and  greater  solicitude  was  manifested  to  provide 
variety   and  abundance    of   subsistence.       Iwcn  this 
meager  development  was  a  positive  advance  along  the 
road  that  leads  to  civilization, and  naturally  demanded 
a  division  of  labor. 

As  it  is  quite  impossible  to  follow  out  in  detail  the 
habits  and  usages  peculiar  to  the  different  tribes  of 
North  American  Indians,  and  particularly  those  which 
mark  the  line  of  progress  toward  civilization,  I  will 
therefore  confine  my  remaining  remarks  to  some  points 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  among  them.*     I  wish, 

*  The  names  applied  by  Indians  ihemseives  to  their  physicians  are 
curious,  .iiid  I  think  of  sufficient  interest  to  present  those  I  have  col- 
lected in  a  list.     The  following  ..ave  been  used  by  different  tribes, 
and  no  doubt  many  other  appellations  might  be  found : 
To  desisttale  t/ie physician,  who  is  often  also  a  prophet: 

Jossakeed, Schoolcraft. 

Wabanos, 

Medas, 


tic  native 
few  tribes 
)rs,  which 
h  pecuHar 

lavc  jjivcn 
tivatcd  the 
s.     Tribes 
with  more 
rated  their 
es  became 
:\r  villages 
and     their 
more  corn- 
to  provide 
I'Lvcn  this 
:  along  the 
'  demanded 

n  detail  the 
it  tribes  of 
hose  which 
tion,  T  will 
some  points 
.*     1  wish, 

physicians  are 
ose  I  have  col- 
lifTerent  tribes, 

chuulcraft. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MKOICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


63 


however,  to    premise    that    my    investigation  of  the 
subject  is  by  no  means  exhaustive.     Hut,  contrary  to 


Schoolcraft, 


Miiskeke  Wincnci 

Waiikaon  man  <ir  Wapign,  .         , 

MadaWiniineo,     , " 

Meilawin, " 

Wicaxta  Wnkan,  Supernatural  or  CnHlman,  " 

'I'akii  Wnkan,  Mysterious,  Supernatural  God-drtam,    " 

Ziiya  Wakan,  War  I'rophet,      ...  •• 

Wapcya  VVakan,  Kenovatur  or  Restorer, 

Wawkawn,  Medicine-man 

Keelalley,  I'hysician 

Tla-cpiill-aiigh,    Physician,  or  man  of  super- 
natural gifts,      ...... 

Shaman 

Ma-ke, 

Autmoins,  ,..•.. 

Fow-Wow 

JaoUanas, 

Machi, 

bilbos 

Piaye,  Pial,  or  Paye,     .... 
The  names  applied  by  Europeans  to  Indian  physicians  are  numer- 
ous, and  sometimes  applied   in  dtrision,  as  "  medicine-man,"  "doc- 
tor,"  "mystery-man,""  conjurer,"  "juggler,"  "  priest,"   "prophet," 
etc. 

Accidentally  mce.ing  Dr.  Thomas  Fo.stcr,  late  Indian  historiog- 
rapher of  the  United  States,  I  exhibited  to  him  the  foregoing  list  of 
appellations  for  Indian  physicians  collected  from  different  authors, 
which  he  thought  in  some  respects  defective,  and  the  next  day 
kindly  sent  me  the  following  list  of  Algonkin  and  Dacotah  names, 
which  I  deem  in  this  connection  deserving  of  presentition. 

"doctor"  .\ND  "medicine"  in   CHIPl'EWAY    ALGONKIN. 

MashkOse'u,  grass  or  herbs. 
Mashke'k,  marsh. 
Mashke'ke,  medicine  (roots). 
Mashkc'ke-wabo',  liquid  medicine  to  drink. 
Mashke''kc-wcne'ne.  medicine-roan. 


K.  I).  Neill. 
Alc\.  Uoss. 


II.  II.  Bancroft. 
F.  E.  Grossmann. 
Charlevoix. 
De  Forest. 
C.  C.  Jones. 
Rev.  J.  G.  Wood. 

Oscar  Peschel. 


«4 


TONERS   ADDKKSS. 


expectation,  the  study  jjiven  the  subject  from  an  his- 
torical point  of  view  has  led  mo  to  the  conviction  that 
the  appearance  of  the  physician  anionj^  primitive,  sav- 
age, and  barbarous  races  antedates  the  priest  and  the 
lawgiver.  The  physician  amon^j  all  tribes  is  a  person 
of  dignity  ami  of  the  highest  consideration,  anti  is  pres- 
ent at  all  important  councils,  and  after  death  is  buried 
with  imposing  ceremonies.*     He  usually  dresses  with 

Mil'shk^xla',  a  prairie. 

Nilnil'rxlilwc'  owft'-wone'no,  who  glvc»  medicine,  the  man. 

Niln.l'ncl^wo'Owc'n,  medicine,  remedy,  etc. 

Tcha'silUi'M,  jiiKu'*'''     (Josiiftkevd  l»y  Schoolcraft.) 

TchesU!l'cwi''n,  jugglery. 

Tchc'silkil'n,  jujjf>ler'»  lodge. 

KOvl'bandilmOwe'n,  jugglers  in  regard  to  sickness. 

Moda',  an  Indian  Algonkiu  who  is  a  memlier  of  the  secret  semi- 
religious  order  of  the  "grand  medicine."  This  name  has  its  root  in 
words  which  signify  to  (•<?/  an<\  sf/  itsii/f  ;  in  other  words,  the  grand 
medicine  is  a  /•■ns/  <i/iir/  or  sefrff,  or  it  may  itiean  the  long  prelimi- 
nary /(IS/  necessary  lo  admission,  in  which  all  eating  is  put  aside  or 
refrained  from. 

"  lJ3CrOR  "  AND  "  MKOICINK  "  IN  SIOUX-DACOTAlt, 

Pazhc',  grasn,  herbs,  hay, 

Pft'zlie-h>'/ta,  grass-roots,  herbs,  medicines  of  all  kinds. 

ra'zho-h'J'ia  Wetchft'sta,  a  medicine  man,  a  physician. 

Wa'ia'n,  adj.,  spiritu.\l,  sacrei,  consecrated,  wonderful,  incom- 
prehensible, preternatural. 

Waka'n-atcho'n,  to  do  tricks  of  jugglery. 

WilUa'nda,  to  reckon  as  holy  or  sacred  ;  lo  worship. 

VVakan'-watchc'pc,  the  sacred  dance  or  grand  me<licine  of 
which  the  so  called  (and  mysterious)  "  medicine-sack"  is  the  badge. 

Waka'n-woha'npe,  a  sacred  feast. 

*  "  In  all  the  Indian  tribes  the  doctor  or  medicine-man  holds  a 
rank  second  only,  and  at  times  superior,  to  the  chiefs.  The  arts  they 
employ,  the  magic  they  use,  and  the  varied  information  they  must 
necessarily  acquire,  can  be  obtained  only  by  persons  possessing  natural 


m 


ggmg, 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MKDICAI.   ASSOCIATION. 


^'5 


)ni  an  liis- 
iction  that 
iiitivc,  sav- 
;st  and  the 
is  a  person 
nd  is  pres- 
h  is  buried 
rcsscs  with 

e  man. 


!  secret  »cmi- 
las  its  rodt  in 
•ds,  the  grand 
long  prelimi- 
»  put  aside  or 

I'AII. 

ids. 
an. 
lerful,  incom- 


medicine    of 
'  is  the  badge. 

e-man  holds  a 

The  arts  they 

on  they   must 

sessing  natural 


elaborate  care,  and  occasionally  in  the  most  ^,'rot(.'sqiie 
manner,  ami  always  has  with  him  his  medicine-bag 
fiiletl  with  charms  and  simples,  the  precursor  of  the 
doctor's  .sadillc-bay,  and  the  city  physician's  satchel.* 

giflH,  .iTid  afler  >ievcre  tri.ils  by  fasting  and  [irivalimi.  I  .im  nf  opinion 
from  what  I  have  observed  that  the  principal  poweis  by  which  these 
doctors  obtain  such  influence  4mong  the  tribes  arc  those  of  menmer- 
ism  ;  and  the  stronger  the  physical  energies  to  exert  the  magiii'ic  de- 
vclopnient,  the  greater  is  the  person  possessing  them  considered." 
(Schoolcraft,  vol.  vi,  p.  63J.) 

*  The  dress  of  the  medicine-men  varied  greatly  in  its  minutlip 
among  the  dilfercnt  tribes,  but  all  bore  to  each  oilier  a  general  scm- 
blancc  of  care  and  pretension.  The  cosliime  in  some  cases  was  ex- 
tremely ludicrous,  in  others  horrible,  and  always  calculated  to  inspl-.' 
awe  and  terror.  It  was  generally  the  skin  of  some  wild  beast,  with 
many  trinkets  and  a  medicine  bag,  including  the  skins  of  some  rare 
animal,  bird,  or  insect  attached.  The  horns  of  animals  were  occa- 
sionally fixed  upon  the  head,  and  thus  arrayed,  with  rattle  or  drum  to 
accompany  the  medicine-song,  the  physician  appeared  before  his 
patient. 

G.  n.  I.oskiel  described  an  Indian  doctor  who  made  his  profes- 
sional visits  attired  in  a  large  bear-skin,  so  that  his  arms  were  covered 
with  the  skin  of  the  fore  legs,  his  feet  and  legs  with  that  of  the 
hind  legs,  and  his  head  concealed  in  the  skin  of  the  niiinial's  head, 
in  which  pieces  of  mica  or  some  bright  substance  were  set  to  repre- 
sent eyes.  In  his  hand  he  held  a  "  cal.ibash"  or  rattle,  and  was 
accompanied  by  a  great  crowd  of  people  who  were  singing  and 
(lancing. 

John  W.  De  Forest,  in  his  History  of  the  Indians  of  Connecticut, 
says  the  Indian  doctor  attired  himself  so  as  to  resemble  a  wild  beast 
or  some  nondescript  monster. 

Francois  Coreal,  in  his  Voyages  aui  Indes  Occidentales,  i666-'97, 
vol.  i,  pp.  39-41,  speaking  of  the  Florida  Indians,  says:  "The 
yaoiitias  were  clothed  in  long  robes  made  of  skins  of  various  animals 
cut  into  bands.  Girdles  of  deer-skin  were  used  to  fasten  these  robes, 
and  from  these  were  suspended  pouches  containing  herbs.  Over  all 
these  the  physicians  wore,  after  the  fashion  of  a  cloak,  the  :.(',.  )r 
some  wild  animal.  The  feet  and  arms  are  bare,  but  they  w^  on 
their  heads  caps  or  helmets  of  skins,  terminating  in  a  point." 


m 


I'  i' 


66 


TONERS    ADDRESS. 


I  am  aware  that  thus  to  assign  a  greater  antiquity 
to  the  office  and  functions  of  the  physician  than  to  the 

Respecling  the  medicine-men  of  the  Indians  of  Virginia,  Haviot,  in 
his  work,  "  A  Uriefe  and  True  Report  of  the  New-found-land  of  Vir- 
ginia," 1590,  observed  that  they  shave  all  of  the  hair  from  the  head  ex- 
cept  the  crown,  and  fasten  above  one  of  theif  ears  the  stuffed  skin  of 
a  blackbird  as  the  ensign  of  office.  The  physicians,  according  to  this 
account,  wore  simply  an  apron  made  of  the  skin  of  some  animal  and 
a  medicine-bag  suspended  from  a  girdle. 

According  to  John  Lawson.speaking  of  the  Indians  of  North  Caro- 
lina, p.  347:  "As  soon  as  the  doctor  comes  into  the  cabin  the  sick  per- 
son is  placed  upon  a  mat  or  skin  upon  his  back  and  almost  entirely 
uncovered.  The  conjurer  or  doctor  appears  then  with  the  king  of 
the  nation,  who  attends  him  with  a  rattle  made  of  the  gourd,  contain- 
ing loose  peas  or  Indian  corn,  which  he  presents  to  the  doctor,  while 
some  one  brings  a  bowl  of  water."  He  further  remarks  (p.  37) 
that  the  chief  doctor  who  came  with  the  king  of  the  Santee  Nation  to 
visit  him  was  "  clad  in  a  match-coat  made  of  turkey-feathers,  resem- 
bling a  garment  of  silk  shag."  They  usually  carried  their  medicines 
or  drugs  suspended  from  the  neck  in  the  form  of  a  necklace,  con- 
sisting of  roots,  barks,  berries,  nuts,  etc. 

George  Cailin,  in  his  History  of  North  American  Indians,  vol.  ii,  p. 
40,  describes  an  Indian  doctor,  whom  he  saw  making  a  professional 
visit,  dressed  in  the  skin  of  a  yellow  bear  ;  the  head  served  as  a  mask, 
the  huge  claws  dangling  at  hii  wrists  and  ankles.     He  shook  furiously 
a  rattle  with  one  hand,  and  with  the  other  brandished  his  medicine- 
spear  or  magic  wand.     "  The  dress,"  says  Catlin,  "  in  all  its  parts  is 
one  of  the  greatest  curiosities  of  the  whole  collection  of  Indian  manu- 
factures which  I  have  yet  obtained  in  the  Indian  country.     It  is  the 
strangest  medley  and  mixture  perhaps  of  the  mysteries  of  the  animal 
and  vegetable  kingdom  that  ever  was  seen.     Besides  the  skin  of  the 
yellow  bear,  which,  being  almost  an  anomaly  in  that  country,  is  out 
of  the  regular  order  of  nature,  and,  of  course,  '  great  medicine  '  and 
converted  to  medical  use,  there  were  attached  to  it  the  skins  of  many 
animals  which  are  also  anomalies  or  deformities,  which  render  them 
in  their  estimation  medicine  mystery.     To  this  outfit  there  were  also 
attached  the  skins  of  snakes  and  frogs  and  bats,  beaks  and  tails  and 
toes  of  birds,  hoofs  of  deer,  goats,  and  antelopes,  and  in  fact  the  '  odds 
and  ends'  and  fag  ends  and  tails  and  tips  of  almost  everything  that 
swims  or  flies  or  runs  in  this  part  of  the  wide  world." 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


67 


r  antiquity 
than  to  the 

inia,  Ilaiiot,  in 
id-land  of  Vir- 
)ni  the  head  ex- 
:  stuffed  skin  of 
:cording  to  this 
>me  animal  and 

of  North  Caro- 
)in  the  sick  per- 

alniost  entirely 
ith  the  king  of 

gourd,  contain- 
e  doctor,  while 
•emarks  (p.  37) 
lantee  Nation  to 
feathers,  resem- 
their  medicines 
a  necklace,  con- 

idians,  vol.  ii,  p. 
g  a  professional 
erved  as  a  mask, 
;  shook  furiously 
d  his  medicine- 
in  all  its  parts  is 
of  Indian  manu- 
untry.     It  is  the 
!s  of  the  animal 
;s  the  skin  of  the 
It  country,  is  out 
It  medicine '  and 
le  skins  of  many 
hich  render  them 
t  there  were  also 
»ks  and  tails  and 
in  fact  the  '  odds 
it  everything  that 


priest  is  in  contravention  of  the  view  which  has  gen- 
erally been. held  upon  this  subject.  Yet  I  think  a  lit- 
tle reflection  will  show  that  such  is  the  fact,  at  least 
among  savages.  It  is  well  known  that  the  services  of 
some  one  representing  the  physician  are  often  a 
matter  of  the  first  necessity  for  the  preservation  of 
life,  even  among  the  lowest  in  the  scale  of  intelligence, 
and  for  the  relief  of  sickness  or  accidents  to  which  the 
.savage  is  equally  liable  with  civilized  man,  and  it  is 
more  than  an  hypothesis,  it  is  almost  a  certainty,  that 
savagery  was  the  original  state  of  man.  In  present- 
ing this  hypothesis  of  the  origin  of  medicine  and  the 
medical  professiosi  I  do  not  wish  to  be  understood  as 
denying  that  a  religious  .sentiment  is  natural  to  man. 
But  i  believe  that  it,  like  other  capabilities  of  our 
race,  remains  during  the  savage,  and  even  the  barba- 
rous, stages  of  society  so  nearly  dormant  as  to  exer- 
cise no  appreciable  influence  over  human  action. 

The  religious  faculty,  like  that  for  language,  letters, 
mathematics,  music,  the  arts,  and  the  usage  of  social 
life,  depends  upon  development  and  education.  In 
the  study  of  the  history  of  the  human  race  we  are 
constantly  reminded  that  man  is  an  animal.  He  has, 
by  some  authors,  been  aptly  designated  "a  fighting 
animal,"  possessing  originally  but  few  aims  or  desires 
beyond  those  of  feeding,  fighting,  and  sleeping. 

From  what  is  known  of  the  condition  and  habits  of 
primitive  and  savage  races,  and  from  general  reasoning, 
the  following  may  be  assumed  as  the  probable  de- 
velopment of  human  wants  and  the  origin  and  line  of 
advancement  in  medicine  and  medical  practice. 

Instinct  is  the  first  teacher.    In  some  races  of  savages 


m 


TONERS   ADDRESS. 


the  intellect  is  so  little  developed  that  it  can  hardly  be 
distinguished  from  whiit  we  call  instinct  in  animals. 
Either  faculty  suggests  repose  in  a  recumbent  position 
in  sickness,  and  the  non-use  of  diseased  and  injured 
parts,  for  relief  as  well   as   for  cure.     It  is  evident, 
therefore,  that  to  secure  rest  and  administer  to  the  few 
natural  wants  of  a  disabled  or  suffering  fellow-being 
makes  but  a  slight  demand  upon  human  intelligence 
and   sympathy.      Among    the   earliest   remedies   or 
methods  of  treatment  or  cure,  and  almost  universally 
practiced  by  all  the  lower  savage  races,  were  those  of 
sucking  with  the  mouth,  licking  with  the  tongue,  and 
breathing  or  blowing  upon   the  diseased  or  painful 
part.     Instinct  leads  children  and   many  animals   to 
do  practically  the  same  thing.     There  are  many  ex- 
amples of  animals  eating  herbs,  clay,  etc.,  when  sick, 
which  they  do  not  when  well;  and  it  is  reasonable  to 
presume  that  they  do  so  for  their  remedial  effects. 
After  making  a    distinction  between  the  suggestions 
of  a  depraved  appetite  and  the  craving  for  some  un- 
usual though  really  suitable  article  of  food  or  drink 
originating  with  the  patient,  which  might  benefit  indi- 
vidual cases,  the  fact  is  undeniable  that  observation 
had  led  primitive  physicians  to  administer  and  apply 
remedies  for  the  cure  of  disease,  showing  a  capacity  to 
acquire   medical  knowledge,  as  well  as  an  ability  to 
observe  and  reason  from  cause  to  effect.     Following 
close  upon  this  advancement  in  medical  practice,  spec- 
culation  as  to  the  cause  of  disease  seems  to  have  next 
engaged  attention  and  influenced  popular  feeling,  and 
modified  or  controlled  the  notions  and  practices  of 
^jliysicians. 


ROCKY    MOUMAi'.-;    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


69 


1  hardly  be 
in  animals, 
nt  position 
nd  injured 
is  evident, 
r  to  the  few 
illow-being 
ntelligence 
jmedies  or 
universally 
re  those  of 
ongue,  and 

or  painful 
animals  to 
:  many  ex- 

when  sick, 
asonable  to 
iial  effects, 
suggestions 
>r  some  un- 
id  or  drink 
benefit  indi- 
observation 
•  and  apply 
capacity  to 
1  ability  to 

Following 
ictice,  spec- 
o  have  next 
feeling,  and 
practices  of 


The  earliest  views  the  Indian  has  on  the  cause  of 
death  and  of  internal  and  obscure  diseases  are  based 
on  the  idea  that  evil  spirits  and  personal  enemies  cause 
them  by  conjuration  and  by  secret  or  occult  prac- 
tices. When  this  belief  becomes  common,  it  de- 
develops  among  the  race  an  element  of  fear  of  the 
unseen  powers  of  the  universe,  and  gradually  intro- 
duces a  new  class  of  remedies,  and  almost  a  new  order 
of  physicians,  who  set  themselves  up  as  learned  in  all 
mysteries  and  capable  of  holding  communion  with  the 
powers  of  earth  and  air.  The  medicines  of  this  class 
are  always  associated  with  ceremonies  and  fetish 
practices,  generally  denominated  Shamanism,  and 
consist  largely  in  the  use  of  charms,  amulets,  spells, 
am'  incantations. 

It  would,  I  imagine,  require  but  a  slight  degree  of 
intelligence  and  briv-f  experience  on  the  part  of  even 
primitive  physicians  to  be  able  to  observe  and  to  in- 
fer that  a  particular  class  of  symptoms  would  be  fol- 
lowed by  almost  uniform  results ;  and,  further,  that 
certain  symptoms  were  grave,  and  almost  always  led 
to  death,  while  others  were  followed  by  a  speedy  re- 
covery. It  is  almost  certain  that  they  were  close  ob- 
servers of  the  attitude  and  heat  of  the  body,  the  dry- 
ness, moisture,  and  complexionof  the  skin,  rapid,  slow, 
or  painful  breathing,  chills,  fevers,  palpitations,  and 
coughs.  These  and  other  equally  significant  and  prom- 
inent symptoms  would  offer  data  upon  which  to 
prognosticate  results  with  such  a  degree  of  success  as 
to  seem  to  ignorant  savages  to  possess  the  wisdom  of 
a  prophet.     The  physician  thus  naturally  became  the 


70  TONERS   ADDRESS. 

prognosticator  in  disease,  and  his  success  in  this  led  to 
his  attempting  to  foretell  coming  events. 

Here  the  practice  of  magic  begins,  and  seems  a 
natural  outgrowth  from  physic,  and  even  antedates 
the  development  of  religious  ideas  and  observances. 
Fear  is  older  than  gratitude,  and  impulse  is  a  more 
primitive  faculty  than  reflection  and  judgment.  It  will 
readily  be  perceived  that  a  people  in  the  condition  from 
which  I  draw  this  picture  have  not  their  mental  powers 
sufficiently  developed  to  fully  appreciate  laws  either 
moral  or  physical.  The  perceptive  faculties  in  such  are 
as  yet  feeble  and  untrained ;  the  imagination  and  emo- 
tional part  of  their  nature  is  much  too  obtuse  to  spec- 
ulate on  a  future  state,  or  practice  self-denial  with  a 
view  to  merit  an  eternal  life.  A  belief  in  magic, 
therefore,  probably  represents  the  first  recognition  by 
man  of  the  existence  of  some  occult  powers  in  nature 
above  and  not  subject  to  himself 

As  health  and  security  from  enemies  were  of  the 
first  importance  in  a  barbarous  state  of  society,  these 
were  the  particular  conditions  which  the  magicians  as- 
sumed to  control  and  secure  to  their  patrons.  The 
Magi  of  the  East,  and  other  similar  early  orders  of 
seers  and  priests,  probably  had  their  origin  in  this 
primitive  condition  of  society.* 

*The  origin  of  magic  must  be  placed  far  back  in  history,  if  not  at 
the  very  dawn  of  human  society.  The  art  in  some  form  has  been 
found  among  all  uncivilized  r.nces ;  and  lingering  traces  of  it  may  be 
seen  occasionally  at  the  present  day.  In  every  age  and  country  there 
are  credulous  persons  who  fall  easy  victims  to  the  professors  of  the 
magical  art.  Among  all  primitive  nations  there  have  been  fonnd 
classes  of  persons  laying  special  claim  to  the  possession  of  divining 
power,  and  thereby  exercising  great  control  and  influence  over  their 
contemporaries.     Even   the  most   powerful  and  civilized  nations  of 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


7' 


in  this  led  to 

and  seems  a 
:n  antedates 
observances. 
5e  is  a  more 
incnt.  It  will 
sndition  from 
lental  powers 
:  laws  cither 
;s  in  such  are 
ion  and  emo- 
)tuse  to  spec- 
lenial  with  a 
ef  in  magic, 
cognition  by 
/ers  in  nature 

5  were  of  the 
society,  these 
magicians  as- 
latrons.  The 
rly  orders  of 
rigin  in   this 


history,  if  not  at 
e  form  has  been 
ices  of  it  may  be 
ind  country  there 

professors  of  the 
lave  been  fonnd 
ssion  of  divining 
luence  over  their 
'ilized  nations  of 


It  is  in  this  stage  of  development  and  human  knowl- 
edge, corresponding  closely    to  that  stage  of  mental 

I ^  

antifjuity  were  in  a  great  measure  governed  iiy  the  pretense  of  super- 
natural influence  arrogated  to  themselves  by  persons  whom  we  desig- 
nate magicians.  Such  were  the  Vaidhyas  of  India,  the  Magi  of  Persia 
and  Rabylon,  the  Priesthood  of  Egypt,  the  Druids  of  Gaul  and  Britain, 
and  probably  the  /K^clapiadx  of  Grtece;  and  such  also,  to  some  ex- 
tent, are  the  l.amas  of  Thibet  and  'I'arlary,  and  some  of  the  present 
Brahmins  ol  .  idustan.  They  have,  'n  fact,  existed  in  all  pagan 
nations,  Chris,  lity  alone  has  persistently  and  unequivocally  op- 
posed .ind  comt)a,  ;d  the  practice  and  the  professors  of  magic. 

Alchemy,  which  was  the  original  form  of  chemistry,  was  almost 
synonymous  with  magic  in  early  times  ;  or  it  might  perhaps  be  more 
properly  considered  a  branch  of  the  art  of  magic.  Hoth  words, 
"alchemy"  and  "chemistry,"  are  derived  from  Chemi,  the  primitive 
name  of  Egypt ;  and  in  that  land  of  mystery  and  of  wonders  the  prac- 
tice  of  magic  reached  its  greatest  perfection.  History,  both  sacred 
and  profane,  is  full  of  the  juggleries  of  the  priests  of  the  Nile;  and 
the  reader  will  readily  recall  the  remarkable  and  for  a  time  apparently 
doubtful  contest  which,  by  means  of  their  mysterious  and  magical 
arts,  the  Pharaonic  priesthood  waged  with  the  representatives  of  Israel. 
The  magic  of  Jannes  and  Jambres  was  almost  a  match  for  the  miracles 
of  Moses  and  Aaron. 

But  the  word  "  magic  "  is  itself  of  Eastern  origin,  and  derived  from 
the  famous  priesthoo  1,  or  priest-philosophers,  of  Media  and  Chaldea 
the  Magi,  sometimes  lown  as  the  Wise  Men  of  the  East.  The  Magi 
were  the  priests  of  Babylon  and  Persia,  and  are  supposed  to  have  been 
of  Median  or  Chaldean  origin ;  but  their  origin,  as  well  as  their  history, 
and  the  position  they  held  in  the  politico-religious  economy  of  the  As- 
syro-Babylonian  monarchy  and  the  Medo-Persian  empire  is  very  ob- 
scure. Neither  is  it  definitely  ascertained  what  their  relation  was  to  the 
Zoroastrian  system  of  religion,  or  whether  they  were  originally  the 
enemies  or  the  promoters  of  that  remarkable  scheme.  But  it  is  certain 
that  they  engrossed  most  of  the  wisdom  and  learning  of  Southern  Asia; 
and  that,  by  their  possession,  almost  exclusively,  of  all  the  knowledge 
of  the  time,  they  were  enabled  to  sway  the  minds  of  their  more 
il  'lorant  contemporaries  under  the  pretense  of  the  possession  of  super- 
na.  iral  powers.  They  became  so  proficient  in  the  wonder-working 
art  that,  to  the  Greeks,  they    gave  their  name  to    that  art;  which 


yfi 


■% 


K~^«^j(=^'7«ST9T»W«w™»^-' 


rP, 


TONERS   AUUkESS. 


f  i¥. 


>■    i.   i 


growth  and  culture  denominated  by  Morgan  in 
his  Ancient  Society  as  barbarism,  that  the  cadiest 
sense  of  a  reward  or  punishment  after  death  is  no- 
ticed, and  some  practices  begin  which  may  be  re- 
ferred to  ideas  awakening  to  moral  responsibility  to 
an  overruling  Providence.     It  is  in  this  stage  of  devel- 


nanie  has  thus  become  perpetuated  to  all  time,  though  it  is  very  prob. 
ai>le  that  the  Magi  themselves  were  merely  the  pupils  in  this  art,  as 
in  other  matters,  of  the  subtle  Brahmins  of  Hindustan.  At  this  mo- 
ment, the  jugglers  of  India  and  Thibet  are  far  in  advance  of  those  of 
the  rest  of  the  world. 

One  of  the  principal  pretensions  of  magic  art  at  all  times  has  been 
the  cure  of  the  sick ;  and  for  this  purpose  its  professors,  while  pre- 
tending to  exercise  supernatural  powers  and  disguising  their  action 
with  mysterious  and  meaningless  movements,  most  frequently  effected 
their  object,  as  the  physician  now  does,  by  their  superior  or  exclusive 
knowledge  of  the  great  secrets  of  chemistry  and  the  laws  of  physics. 
In  the  hands  of  unscrupulous  men,  this  magical  power  was  capable 
of  the  most  fraudulent  excesses ;  and  hence  even  many  ancient  phi- 
losophers denounced  the  magicians  or  pretended  sorcerers  in  the 
severest  terms.  Pliny's  remarks  on  this  subject  are  appropriate.  I 
quote  from  the  quaint  translation  by  Dr.  P.  Holland,  folio  edition, 
London,  1601,  vol.  ii,  p.  371  : 

"  That  notwithstanding  it  be  of  all  arts  fullest  of  fraud,  deceit,  and 
cousenage,  yet  never  was  there  any  throughout  the  whole  world  either 
with  like  credit  professed,  or  so  long  time  upheld  and  maintained. 
Now,  if  a  man  consider  the  thing  well,  no  marvaile  it  is  that  it  hath 
continued  thus  in  so  great  request  and  authoriiie;  for  it  is  the  only 
science  which  seemeth  to  comprise  in  itself  three  professions  besides, 
which  have  the  command  and  rule  of  man's  mind  above  any  other 
whatsoever.  For  to  begin  wi'hall,  no  man  doubtest  but  that  magicke 
tooke  root  first,  and  proceeded  from  Physicke,  under  the  pretence  of 
maintaining,  curing  and  preventing  diseases  :  things  plausible  to  the 
world,  crept  ana  insinuated  farther  into  the  heart  of  man,  with  a  deepe 
conceit  of  some  high  and  divine  matter  therein  more  than  ordinarie, 
and  in  comparison  whereof,  all  other  Physicke  was  but  basely  ac- 
counted." 


KOCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEOICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


/J 


Morgan  in 
the  earliest 
leath  is  no- 
nay  be  re- 
onsibility  to 
ige  of  devel- 

it  is  very  prob. 
s  in  this  art,  as 
.  At  this  ino- 
nce  of  those  of 

times  has  been 
ars,  while  pre- 
ing  their  action 
[uently  effected 
ior  or  exclusive 
aws  of  physics, 
sr  was  capable 
ny  ancient  phi- 
trcerers  in  the 
ppropriate.  I 
I,  folio  edition, 

ud,  deceit,  and 
jle  world  either 
id  maintained, 
t  is  that  it  hath 
)r  it  is  the  only 
;ssions  besides, 
bove  any  other 
It  that  magicke 
the  pretence  of 
plausible  to  the 
.n,  with  a  deepe 
than  ordinarie, 
but  basely  ac- 


opmcnt,  too,  I  believe,  that  the  priestly  functions  are 
first  observed.  As  a  class,  the  priest-physicians  are  ex- 
tremely self-reliant,  and  aspire  to  exercise  the  authority 
of  prophets  and  lawgiversand  to  rule  supreme.  They 
a.ssume  also  many  of  the  functions  of  the  physician, 
and  at  times  wholly  absorb  his  office,  and  are  often 
successful  in  their  efforts  to  gain  control  in  the  affairs 
of  government.  VVc  find  that  the  dual  quality  of  priest 
and  physician  has  prevailed  in  all  stages  of  civilization 
and  under  every  form  of  government,  and  has  even 
continued  down  to  our  own  time. 

However,  there  seem  to  have  been  at  all  times 
among  barbarous  tribes  physicians  who  inade  no  pre- 
tensions to  priestly  prerogatives  or  mysterious  prac- 
tices, but  who  relied  upon  the  use  of  remedial  agents  for 
the  cure  of  disease.  Medical  science  has  already  made 
much  progress  among  a  people  whose  physicians  are 
able  to  determine  something  of  the  cause  of  disease 
and  the  organs  of  the  body  involved,  and  to  select 
and  administer  remedies  internally  which  are  capable 
of  giving  relief  or  effecting  cures.  This  period  I  shall 
denominate  the  third  stage  of  medicine,  and  has  its 
beginnings  in  agricultural  and  semi-civilized  races,  but 
in  most  cases  antedates  written  records.  It  is  evident 
to  every  reflecting  person  that  the  exhibition  of  a 
proper  internal  remedy  for  a  disease  requires  a  much 
more  complicated  process  of  reasoning,  and  a  more 
accurate  knowledge  of  the  various  organs  of  the  body 
and  the  effects  of  medicines,  than  does  the  application 
of  external  remedies,* 


*As  corroborative  of  the  views  presented  of  the  origin  and  antiquity 
of  medicine,  I  will  make  a  few  brief  references  to  its  history  among 


I  1 


74 


TONEK  S    ADDRESS. 


Time  wjll  not  permit  me  to  dwell  further  upon  this 
subject,  but  the  few  facts  presented  will,  I  trust,  rcii- 

ihe  ancieiil  natinns  whose  inylholn^ry  hears  tcstimi>iiy  td  the  very  c:\rly 
appearance  of  the  physician,  as  well  as  lo  the  general  and  hijjh  esleem 
in  which  (heart  of  physic  was  licM.  The  hahits  and  mental  peculiar- 
ities of  uncivilized  races  liein^  considered,  it  is  pmhalile  tliat  the  prom- 
inent mythological  ilivinities  of  remote  antiipiity  had  their  origin  from 
individuals  who,  liy  the  possession  of  genius,  hecnme  leaders  nmon>;lhe 
people.  Success  not  only  makes  hut  crowns  the  hero,  and  the  eminent 
service  that  wins  applause  may  soon  command  obeisance  from  the  mul- 
titude. The  hero  of  one  generation  easily  becomes  the  divinity  of  an- 
other. Frequently  the  early  history  of  mankind  attributes  to  the  same 
exalted  character  many  special  ipialities,  and  sometimes  divine  powers. 
Hence  it  is  that  a  number  of  the  great  names  honored  as  divinities  by 
the  early  IIind>os,  K^yptians,  i'hccnicians,  and  Greeks,  were  noted 
for  their  skill  in  physic. 

It  is  a  fact  worthy  of  remark  that  nearly  every  nation  has  referred 
the  source  of  its  medical  knowledge  to  the  gods.  The  Egyptian  god 
of  medicine  was  Hermes,  the  Mercury  or  Hermes  Trismegistus  of 
the  Greeks.  He  is  ])erhaps  the  oldest  ))hysician  on  record.  By  the 
Egyptians  his  name  is  variously  designated,  as  Thcth  or  Thuli ;  and 
Taaut.  To  him  is  attributed  the  invention  of  medicine  and  the 
sciences,  and  also  letters  anrl  a  written  language,  and  he  is  denomi- 
nated the  adviser  and  sccrelnry  of  Osiris.  In  a  word,  he  is  repre- 
sented as  possessed  of  such  a  wide  scope  of  knowledge  as  to  have 
been  invested  in  the  eyes  of  the  peojile  and  his  contemporaries  with 
almost  superhuman  qualities.  Of  course  no  certain  period  can  be 
fixed  as  the  time  when  he  lived,  but  probably  3,000  years  before  the 
cominencement  of  the  Christian  era  would  not  be  early  enough.  Mr. 
Ebcrs,  the  German  archaeologist,  in  the  winter  of  1872,  obtained,  in 
the  vicinity  of  Thebes,  a  roll  of  papyrus  over  fio  feet  in  length  and  1 1 
inches  broad,  closely  written  in  unknown  characters,  relating  to  med- 
icine. The  date  of  this  document  has  since  been  determined  to  be  1552 
B.  C.  It  is  in  good  condition,  and  has  been  photolithographed.  A  few 
pages  have  since  been  deciphered  and  the  whole  published.  In  time 
scholars  will  master  the  record,  and  should  it  prove  to  be  genuine  it 
will  be  the  oldest  work  on  medicine  extant,  and  possibly  prove  to  be 
one  of  the  six  books  attributed  to  Hermes.  A  copy  of  the  work  may 
be  seen  in  the  library  of  the  Surgeon-General,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


I 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


75 


upon  this 
trust,  reti- 

lic  very  early 
I  hinh  esteem 
ital  iieculi&r- 
lal  the  prom- 
r  otiyiii  from 
;rs  nmnnj'the 
1  the  eminent 
rom  the  mul- 
livinily  of  an- 
s  to  the  same 
ivine  powers, 
divinities  by 
,  were  noted 

n  has  referred 
Egyptian  jjod 
rismegistus  of 
xord.     By  the 
or  Thuli ;  and 
icine   and    the 
he  is  denomi- 
l1,  he  is  repre- 
Ige  as  to  have 
mporarie?  with 
period  can  be 
ears  before  the 
1  enough.     Mr. 
'2,  obtained,  in 
I  length  and  1 1 
elating  to  med- 
iinedtobei552 
raphed.    A  few 
shed.     In  lime 
0  be  genuine  it 
it)ly  prove  to  be 
f  the  work  may 
shington,  D.  C. 


cicr  it  probable,  if  not  conclusive  to  most  minds,  that 
the  physician  must  have  held  a  most  conspicuous  and 

The  medical  precepts  of  tlie  Egyptian  god  of  medicine,  it  is  stated, 
were  collected  after  his  death  and  emlmdied  in  a  volume  under  the 
title  of  "  Kmlire,"  which  possibly  einlnactd  the  six  llermctical  books. 
For  centuries  this  work  constituted  the  code  of  medical  practice  for 
the  oracles  and  jiriest-physicians  of  Egypt.  Following  Mermes  and 
almost  e(|ually  celebrated  in  the  medical  annals  of  I'^gypt  were  Apis 
and  Serapis,  who  after  their  deaths  also  received  divine  honors.  It  is 
surmised  that  the  (ireeks  ad.ipled,  under  slightly  varied  names,  many 
Hindoo,  I'hienician,  and  Egyptian  deities.  And  indeed  it  is  possible 
that  Isis  and  Osiris  are  only  appellations  of  particular  ages,  or  of 
special  localities,  for  the  more  ancient  Egyptian  deity  Hermes.  The 
Hellenic  deities  Apollo,  Pa-an,  Orpheus,  Mercury,  .'Esculapius, 
Melampus,  Hercules,  and  Castor,  may  each  have  had  their  prototype 
in,  or  may  have  been  adopted  from,  the  older  civilizations  of  Hindus- 
tan, Phienicia,  or  Egypt.  This  hypothesis  will  at  least  account  for  the 
god  Taaut  or  Hermes  of  Egypt  becoming  the  Mercury  of  Greece. 
From  the  Hellenic  character  given  to  Mercury  as  dressed  in  winged 
sandals  and  cap,  he  was  the  recognized  messenger  of  the  gods,  and 
brought  the  art  of  medicine  down  from  heaven.  In  such  veneration 
was  he  held  that  the  early  astronomers  honored  his  name  by  giving 
it  to  the  planet  nearest  the  sun,  and  because  it  makes  its  circuit  in  less 
time  than  any  other.  His  caduceus  or  stalT  has  at  the  head  two 
wings,  and  is  entwined  liy  two  serpents.  This  scepter  is  the  ensign 
of  peace;  and  mythology  claims  that  it  was  obtained  from  Apollo. 
Nearly  the  same  emblem  is  represented  as  the  staff  oi'  /Ivsculapius. 

Medicine  was  specially  honored  in  Greek  and  Roman  mythology 
and  the  antiquity  of  the  ait  of  the  physician  is  indicated  by  the  fact 
that  there  are  in  the  figures  of  the  Zodiac  two  stars  named  alter 
physicians,  Chiron  and  /Esculapius.  These  figurative  characters  had 
doubtless  prototypes  in  real  personages,  who  had  won,  by  their  skill, 
great  distinction  among  their  contemporaries,  who  were  led  in  their  ad- 
miration to  consider  them  not  only  heroes,  but  gods.  The  esteem  in 
which  the  art  of  medicine  was  wont  to  be  held  in  those  early  times 
may  be  inferred  from  the  testimony  borne  by  that  passage  in  the 
i1<!neid  where  lapis  is  introduced  to  heal  the  wounds  of  i^neus.  It 
is  stated  that  Apollo,  wishing  to  reward  lapis  for  his  services,  told  him 


I 
^ 


I  m: 


n 


76  tuner's   AODRI'XS. 

important  place  in  cvrry  stage  of  civilization  since  the 
genesis  of  man  upon  eaitli. 

to  clioose  helwrecii  all  of  liis  arin  ami  i^ifts  the  one  which  he  preferred, 
whetcupon  I»pis  from  ihc  sli)re-hou-.c  of  the  universe  chose  the  art  of 
nie<licine.  The  (ireeks  derived  the  origin  of  their  medicine  from 
Chiron,  the  Centaur  of  Mount  I'elion,  in  'I'hessaly.  He  is  1  pre- 
tented  as  the  teacher  of  /K'tculnpiux,  and  wns  placed  liy  Jupiter  among 
the  slarii  in  the  constellatijn  of  Sagittarius.  It  was  an  easy  matter  for 
iiuch  a  people  to  invest  tlie  ilwellin({|)lnce  of  their  licloved  physicians 
with  all  the  character  of  a  revereil  temple,  t'hiron  was  instructed  in 
medicine  and  the  art  of  prophecy  by  Apollo  and  Aitemis.  lie  wa» 
also  renowne<l  for  proficiency  in  music,  hunting,  and  gymnastics. 
I  lis  statue  is  one  of  the  noblest  specimens  of  art,  combining  the  human 
and  animal  form,  that  have  come  down  to  us  from  anti(|uity. 

Mountaineers  and  uncivilized  races  living  in  forests  have  alwayi 
been  supposed  to  have  special  op|  ortunities  to  discover  herbs  of  rare 
curative  virtues,  and  people  living  in  ngricultuinl  districts  and  indeed 
in  cities  yield  an  admiring  faith  in  the  remedies  prolTered  by  them.  In- 
stances of  this  credulity  are  very  frequent  in  our  own  times,  where  pre- 
tended Indian  physicians  and  inventors  of  new  medicines,  who  have 
received  no  training  in  the  art  of  physic,  are  rewarded  and  honored, 
while  men  of  science  are  neglected  and  their  opiniju^  disregarded. 

It  will  be  recollected  that  the  constellation  of  Serpentarius  was 
originally  known  by  the  name  of  /Escul.iiiius,  the  god  of  medicine. 
There  are  conflicting  accounts  of  the  descent  of  thi»  physician,  but  he 
is  generally  represented  to  have  been  the  son  of  Apollo.  In  the 
earliest  accounts  of  him  he  is  spoken  of  as  a  man,  and  referred  to  by 
Homer  as  the"  Blameless  physician."  His  sons,  Machaon  and  I'oda- 
lirius,  were  also  physicians, and  served  as  surgeons  in  the  Greek  army 
at  the  siege  of  Troy.  So  skillful  and  renowned  did  yEsculapius  be- 
come that  it  was  believed  of  him  that  he  could  net  only  prevent  disease, 
but  that  he  could  also  raise  the  dead  to  life. 

In  all  ages  distinguished  merit  has  had  its  penalties  to  pay,  and 
^sculapius  was  no  exception  to  this  rule.  Pluto  conceived  that  this 
power  of  curing  all  diseiscs  and  raising  the  dead  interfered  with 
his  righ:s,  and  appealed  to  Jupiter,  who  killed  vEsculapius  with  a 
stroke  'if  lightning.  After  the  death  of  /lisculapius  he  received 
divine  honors.  Temples  were  erected  to  him  at  Epidaurus,  Cos, 
Cnidos,  and  Rhodes.     Here  it  is  apparent  that   religious  honors  and 


since 


tlu 


le  picforred, 
ise  the  art  n( 
(licine  from 
He  is  tiepre- 
ipiter  among 
sy  milter  for 
<l  physicians 
instructed  in 
lis.     I  tc  was 

gymnastics, 
g  the  human 
ity. 

have  always 
herl)s  of  rare 
s  and  indeed 
hy  tliem.  In- 
s,  where  pre- 
es,  who  have 
ind  honored, 
sregarded. 
)entarius  was 
of  medicine, 
sician,  but  he 
lollo.  In  the 
eferred  to  by 
on  and  I'oda- 
e  Greeit  army 
isculapius  be- 
event  disease, 

;s  to  pay,  and 
ived  that  this 
nterfered  with 
lapius  with  a 
s  he  received 
)idaurus,  Cos, 
s  honors  and 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MF.DICAI,   A.SSOCI.\TION. 


77 


The  i)i;iost  deals  with  the  ethics  of  man's  nature 
tlirough  the  higher  faculties  of  the  mind,  "will,  mem- 
ory, and  understanding."  The.se,  and  particularly  the 
latter,  are  feebly  developed  and  but  little  e.xcrcised  by 
people  in  a  state  of  savagery.  The  instances  reconled 
in  hi.story  are  numerous  where  the  Indian  physician, 

priently  functlonn  were  engrafted  upon  n  fame  won  by  the  art  of 
medicine.  Homer  rt'prescnis  Apollo,  a  god  of  medicine,  as  arrest- 
inu'  n  jiestik-iilial  disease  llint  existed  in  a  Greek  camp,  at  the  earnest 
prayers  of  the  priests,  wlm  thus  recognized  the  distinctness  and  elii> 
tacy  of  the  medical  profession. 

A  careful  study  might  enable  us  Id  point  out  the  origin  and  setpience 
of  the  variiiu-i  |>rofcssions,  which  have  arisen,  one  after  the  other,  to 
meet  the  increasing  wants  of  a  developing  civiliziticm.  We  find  that 
in  r'^ypt  medicine  and  all  of  the  pliysical  sciences,  particularly  h) - 
draulics,  geometry,  surveying,  etc.,  as  well  as  law-making  and  the 
administration  of  civil  governnient,  were  all  early  assume<l  by  the 
priesthood.  This  hierarchy  wisely  employed  those  skilled  in  the 
various  (lci>artments,  but  surrounded  all  their  operations  with  such 
ceremonials  and  secrecy  as  to  strike  terror  into  the  mind't  ot  the  un- 
initiated. There  fortunately  grew  up  in  the  different  departments  of 
this  theocratic  government  a  desire  for  original  investigations  and  a 
system  of  records  of  tiie  facts  observed,  which  were  preserved  in  the 
temples,  so  that  a  sort  of  common  law  was  evolved  for  the  benefit  of 
every  department  of  the  government,  and  a  code  of  principles  or  law, 
for  the  guidance  of  human  desires  and  inda.stries.  In  this  way,  too, 
were  collected  the  earliest  observ.-itions  of  disease,  and  a  record  of 
them  preserved,  with  the  means  found  most  effective  in  their  cure. 

Those  wishing  to  prosecute  the  study  into  the  origin  of  medicine 
will  do  well  to  consult  Herodotus  and  Sirabo.  The  former  of  these 
authors  tells  us  that  in  Egypt  the  faculty  was  learned  and  divided  into 
specialties.  And  Pliny  informs  us  that  the  physicians  of  Egypt  made 
post-mortem  examinations  to  discover  the  hidden  causes  of  diseas?. 
From  Homer's  Odyssey  we  learn  that  the  physicians  studied  the  nature 
and  properties  of  drugs,  that  Egypt  contained  many  that  were  salutary 
and  others  that  were  pernicious,  and  that  her  physicians  were  pos- 
sessed of  knowledge  exceeding  that  of  other  men. 


!  ! 


If* 


m 


•S  ToNKK's    ADDKlCSa. 

his  rcmcdi'ciH  and  modes  of  practice,  arc  mentioned, 
but  no  allusion  is  made  to  the  priest.  And  (piitc  often 
the  declaration  is  distinctly  made  by  travelers,  that 
particular  peoples  and  tribes  had  n<t  religious  obser- 
vances or  priests,  and  no  belief  in  God,  or  even  a  word 
in  their  lan^juaKc  that  would  express  the  idea  of  a 
Creator  and  Supreme  Ruler  of  the  Universe. 

In  confirmation  of  this  I  shall  only  refer  to  the 
testimony  of  two,  that  of  Rev.  Father  Haegert,  a  Jesuit 
missionary  who  lived  amonj^  the  Lower  California 
Indians  for  .seventeen  years,  dating  from  1751,  and 
that  of  Rev.  Father  Lewis  Hennepin.  I  quote  from 
a  translation  of  Father  Haegert's  work,  as  published  in 
the  Smithsonian  Report  for  1864.  p.  390.*  In  speak- 
intJ  of  the  California  Indians,  he  says:  "They  had  no 
ma^fistrates,  no  police,  and  no  laws;  idols,  temples, 
and  religious  worship  or  ceremonies  were  unknown 
to  them,  and  they  neither  believed  in  the  true  and 
only  God,  nor  adored  false  deities." 

As  fully  corroborative  of  this  statement  Father 
Hennepin,  at  page  58  of  the  Continuation  of  the  New 
Discovery  of  a  Vast  Country  in  America,  says :  "  I 
cannot  tell  whether  their  [the  Indians']  predecessors 
have  been  acquainted  with  any  deity  or  not,  but  sure 
I  am  that  their  language,  which  is  otherwise  very  ex- 


»  Charles  Ran,  translator,  says :  "According  to  Father  Piccolo,  the  Cal- 
ifornians  worshiped  the  moon,  and  Venegas  mentions  the  belief  in  a 
good  and  bad  principle  as  prevailing  among  the  Tericues  and  Cotchi- 
mies.''  (\V,\ilz's  Anthropologic  der  Naturvolker,vol.iv., p.  250.)  These 
statements  are  emphatically  refuted  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Uaegcrt  in  his 
first  Appendix,  p.  315,  where  he  says :  "  It  is  not  true  that  they  wor- 
shiped the  moon,  or  practiced  any  kind  of  idolatry." 


KOCKY    MOUNTAIN    MI.IMCAI.   ASSOCIATION. 


79 


lentioned, 
;|iiitc  often 
ck-rs,  that 
ous  obscr- 
/cn  a  word 
itlca  of  a 

:fcr  to  the 

:rt,  a  Jesuit 

California 

1 75 1,  and 

[note  from 

iiblishcd  in 

In  spcak- 

icy  had  no 

s,  temples, 

:  unknown 

;    true  and 

ent  Father 
3f  the  New 
1,  says  :  "  I 
redccessors 
ot,  but  sure 
ise  very  ex- 

Mccolo,  the  Cal- 
the  belief  in  a 
les  and  Cotclii- 
,p.  250.)  These 
Baegert  in  his 
that  they  wor- 


pressive.  is  so  very  barren  in  that,  that  tlicy  have  no 
word  to  express  God  or  any  tlio  least  of  our  myster- 
ies."      "These  people  ackiiowlcdt^e  no   deity 

with  a  sense  of  reliuio"  " "  'l"l>«^^y  '''iv'"  "<>  i-X" 

tcrior  t^estures  which  mi^jht  convince  us  they  had  the 
least  esteem  for  a  deity ;  neither  teniple,  priest,  sacri- 
fice, nor  any  other  mark  of  reli^jion  is  to  be  met  with 

amouR   them." "A    man    must  not    ^;o   to 

America,  that  has  a  mind  to  become  a  martyr  for  his 
faith.  These  savatjes  never  murder  anybody  on  that 
score;  they  leave  every  one  at  liberty  to  believe  what 
he  pleases." 

It  is  proper  to  remark,  however,  that  the  Indian  races 
no  lontjer  represent  man  in  a  low  state  of  savat,'ery. 
All  the  North  American  Indians  use  the  bow  and  are 
acquainted  with  the  use  of  fire,  and  have  probably  not 
been  cannibals,  with  rare  exccjjtions,  for  centuries  be- 
fore the  discovery  of  this  continent  by  Columbus. 

Of  the  habits  of  man  in  a  primitive  .state  we  have  no 
knowledge,  except  what  can  be  gathered  by  inference 
from  isolated  savage  tribes.  The  Indians  of  to-day 
must  be  regarded  as  having  passed  out  of  a  state  of 
savagery,  though  they  represent  a  stage  of  barbarism.* 

It  is  well  known  that  nearly  all  American  races  have 
acquired  some  of  the  arts,  such  as  the  making  of  imple- 
ments, pottery,  dwellings,  clothing,  etc.  With  this  pro- 
gress their  early  customs  and  habits  have  changed. 
But  all  tribes  have  not  moved  forward  with  the  same 
regularity  and  rapidity;  climate  and  food  probably  de- 
termine this  to  some  extent.    However,  by  drawing  ex- 

*  For  a  comprehensive  ilislinclion  lietween  the  condition  of  savagery 
and  that  of  barbaiism,  see  Lewis  II.  Morgan's  Ancient  Socie'y. 


1:1 


So 


TONER  S    ADDRESS. 


P 


amples  from  those  but  little  advanced  we  will  find  facts 
sufficient  for  the  present  purpose. 

The  Indian  is  patient  in  suffering,  courageous  in 
visible  danger,  but  apprehensive  of  the  unknown 
and  occult  powers  of  nature  which  environ  us,  but 
which  are  so  much  more  of  a  mystery  to  him  than  to 
civilized  man,  as  often  to  transform  the  hero  into  a 
coward.  It  is  unquestionably  true  that  the  uncivilized  as 
well  as  the  semi-civilized  Inoians  have  many  unmean- 
ing practices  and  superstitions;  chiefly  because  they 
know  nothing  of  remote  or  secondary  causes.  Like 
all  unlettered  races,  they  are  fond  of  ceremonies  and 
spectacular  exhibitions,  and  the  person  among  them 
who  becomes  the  most  expert  in  these  and  acquires  the 
most  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  nature 
is  at  once  elevated  to  the  rank  of  "a  medicine-man" 
or  physician.  Poorly  qualified  as  are  their  physicians, 
they  have  among  them  pretenders  to  medical  Imowl- 
edge,  mere  jugglers,  who  practice  by  incantations,  the 
exhibition  of  charms,  and  other  fetish  measures  which 
appeal  almost  exclusively  to  ignorance  and  ciedulity.* 


*  Every  physician  and  reflecting  person  can  recall  dozens  of  charms 
made  use  of,  or  worn,  even  by  intelligent  people,  which  are  purely  fet- 
ish in  character  and  without  influence.  Some  of  these  proceedings 
and  "  cures"  are  handed  iown  from  generation  to  generation,  and  can 
be  traced  far  back  into  the  early  ages.  I  will  only  record  a  few  = 
As  a  strap  of  eel;skin  worn  around  a  limb  to  strengthen  a  joint  and 
to  prevent  or  cure  a  sprain.  The  carrying  of  a  buckeye-nut  in  the 
pocket  to  prevent  or  cure  the  piles.  The  carrying  of  a  raw  Irish 
potato  in  the  pocket  to  cure  or  ward  off  rheumatism.  The  wearing  of  a 
black  ribbon  around  a  child's  neck  to  prevent  croup.  The  wearing 
the  rattles  of  a  rattle-snake  about  the  head  to  prevent  headache.  To 
remove  warts,  the  lying  of  a  string  or  thread  over  the  wart  and  then 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


■Si 


,1  find  facts 

■ageous  in 
unknown 
3n  us,  but 
im  than  to 
ero  into  a 
icivilizedas 
y  unmean- 
cause  they 
ises.  Like 
nonies  and 
nong  them 
icquires  the 
s  of  nature 
licine-man" 
physicians, 
ical  knowl- 
tations,  the 
ures  which 
cieduHty.* 

tens  of  charms 

are  purely  fet- 

se  proceedings 

ration,  and  can 

record  a  few  • 

en  a  joint  and 

sye-nut  in  the 

of  a  raw  Irish 

rie  wearing  of  a 

The  wearing 

lieadache.     To 

wart  and  then 


The  Indian,  in  common  with  all  branches  of  the  human 
race,  has  faith  in  panaceas,  and  this  belief  with  him,  in 
the  absence  of  a  knowledge  of  physical  laws,  renders 
him  the  ready  victim  of  those  who  profess  to  operate 
through  the  arts  of  magic  and  appeal  to  supernatural 
agencies. 

But  while  this  is  true,  we  may  with  justice  ask, 
what  profession,  science,  or  art  in  any  age,  country, 
or  stage  of  civilization  has  ever  been  free  from  super- 
stitions and  impostors  ?  And,  while  condemning  follies 
in  the  Indian,  we  must,  I  think,  recognize  the  fact  that 
all  culture,  civilization,  and  religion  in  the  most  en- 
lightened nations  are  the  result  of  forced  training;  or, 
in  other  words,  conditions  not  natural  to  man.  Reason 
and  knowledge  are  therefore  neither  stable  in  quality 
nor  uniform  in  quantity  in  a  nation.  The  people  that 
desires  to  riiaintain  them  at  a  high  standard  of  excel- 
lence must  be  on  a  constant  strain.  To  pause  in  the 
support  of  them  will  be  to  retrograde.  And  it  is 
quite  as  important  to  recognize  the  fact  that  errors 
and  false  principles  are  also  the  result  of  education, 
or  a  sentiment,  and  dominate  judgment  and  incite  to 


burying  it.  There  are  many  other  charms  for  removing  warts.  The 
wearing  of  a  thread  of  gray  woolen  yarn  around  the  leg  to  prevent 
cramps.  To  prevent  nightn^are,  by  the  placing  of  a  pair  of  scissors, 
or  some  cutting  instrument,  under  the  pillow.  To  cure  toothache, 
pick  the  tooth  with  a  nail  taken  from  a  decayed  coffin.  To  cure  or 
prevent  whooping  cough,  the  wearing  of  a  leather  string  around 
a  child's  throat.  The  rubbing  of  a  "mad-stone"  on  the  wound  for 
the  cure  of  a  bite  of  a  mad  dog.  Bags  of  sulphur,  camphor,  assafetida, 
etc.,  worn  to  prevent  contracting  contagious  disease.  Nailing  of  a 
horseshoe  over  the  door  of  houses  and  stables  for  good  luck.  It 
would  be  an  easy  matter  to  greatly  extend  this  list. 


82 


toner's  /ddress. 


J'  'i 


action  just  as  strongly  as  does  the  truth.  There 
are  more  martyrs  to  false  theories  than  to  true 
principles.  What  is  Truth?  seems  as  difficult  to 
answer  now.  as  when  the  Roman  Governor  of  Judea 
propounded  this  momentous  question.  Toleration, 
or  rather  mental  liberty  and  emancipation  from  dog- 
mati  m,  is  a  rare  and  heavenly  virtue  born  of  the 
Saviour,  but  has  neither  apostles  nor  disciples.  It 
has  no  saints,  no  shrines,  and  few  true  worshipers. 

That    Indians    are    controlled    in    their    conduct 
through  life  by  a  different  philosophy  from  that  which 
governs  educated  Christians  is  very  evident.     It  is  par- 
ticularly noticeable  in  their  treatment  of  the  sick,  but 
less  so  in  their  surgical  practices.     Most  of  their  reme- 
dies are  administered  or  accompanied  by  some  incanta- 
tion and  cerernonip.l  jugglery.      However,  from  the 
testimony  of  reliable  persons  who  have  lived  for  years 
among  them,  as  well  as  from  written  history,  they  have 
alwayt  had  practitioners,  taught  by  experience  how  to 
administer   medicines  with   more   or   less  judgment. 
With  some  tribes  the  physician  is  held  to  a  responsi- 
bility that  is  equivalent  to  an  obligation  or  contract 
to  cure,  not  merely  to  treat  his  patient  according  to 
the  best  of  his  ability.    This  is  to  be  inferred  from  the 
fact  that  some  of  them  held  the  physician  accountable 
for  the   recovery  of  those  intrusted  to  his  care;  and 
when  death  instead  of  recovery  took  place,  the  disap- 
pointed friends  had,  and  occasionally  exercised,  the 
right  to  take  the  life  of  the  doctor.     This  cruel  treat- 
ment is  no  doubt  in  part  based  on  the  prevalent  belief 
that  the  physician  has  the  power  to  inflict  disease  as 
well  as  to  cure  it.      But  we  know  enough  of  human 


«■>%? 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


83 


There 
1   to   true 
ifficult   to 
•  of  Judea 
"oleration, 
from  dog- 
irn  of  the 
:iples.      It 
hipers. 
r    conduct 
that  which 
It  is  par- 
e  sick,  but 
their  reme- 
ne  incanta- 
,  from  the 
:d  for  years 
',  they  have 
:nce  how  to 

judgment. 

a  responsi- 
or  contract 
ccording  to 
ed  from  the 
accountable 
s  care ;  and 
;,  the  disap- 
ercised,  the 

cruel  treat- 
valent  belie  f 
ct  disease  as 
h  of  human 


nature  to  s.ee  that  this  is  but  an  exaggeration  of  a  nat- 
ural feeling,  excited  by  disappointment,  which  culture 
and  civilization  have  subdued  or  controlled. 

Henry,  in  his  Travels  in  Canada,  gives  an  account 
of  an  Indian  physician  he  saw  put  to  death  by  the  in- 
furiated friends  of  a  deceased  patient.  Many  other 
authors  corroborate  the  existence  of  this  custom.* 
Father  Hennepin  says  that  in  case  of  failure  on  the 
part  of  the  Indian  physicians,  jugglers,  and  priests,  to 
cure  a  patient,  it  is  ten  to  one  that  the  parents  or 
friends  of  the  decea.sed  will  kill  the  physician  on  the 
spot  without  any  formality.  Alexander  Ross,  in  his 
Adventures  on  the  Oregon  River,  p.  304,  records  what 
he  observed  of  the  treatment  of  medical  men  when 
they  fail  to  cure,  by  the  Flathead  Indians,  and  .says  : 
"  On  whomsoever  (physician)  their  imagination  fixes, 
be  he  far  or  near,  he  is  secretly  hunted  out,  waylaid, 
and  put  to  death  ;  and  this  is  generally  the  fate  of  all 
of  them:"  In  the  published  account  of  Captain 
Wilkes's  exploring  expedition  (vol.  iv.,  pp.  368-9)  it  is 
stated  that  the  Indians  of  the  Willamette  Valley  fre- 
quently kill  their  medical  men  when  they  fail  to  cure. 
They  even  apply  this  rule  to  white  physicians  or 
others  who  take  the  risk  of  prescribing  for  the  sick. 
Captain  Wilkes  records  the  instance  of  the  killing'  of 
Mr.  Black,  who  was  not  a  physician,  bui  wi.o  hnd 


*Fallier  Charlevoix's  Travels  in  Canada,  p.  271  ;  .\'.?y.  Kenry's 
Travels  in  Canada,  p.  124;  Rev.  Samuel  Parker's  Jour..;!!  if  a  Tour 
beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains,  p.  245  ;  C.  C.  Jones's  Aniioi-i.'esof  the 
Southern  Indians,  p.  33  ;  Hunter's  Narrative,  p.  352;  Keni  epin'f  Ct.T- 
tinuation  of  Discoveries  in  America,  p.  59 ;  Wilkes's  Lvplorili^  ."Ex- 
pedition, vol.  iv.,  p.  368. 


f 


»|!  1  ■ 


84 


toner's  address. 


lived  for  many  years  among  these  Indians,  and  of 
whom   they  were  very  fond.     Out  of  sympathy  for 
one    who    was    suffering,    he    prescribed    medicine. 
The  patient  not  recovering,  the  friends  of  the  Indian 
shot  Mr.  Black.     This  gentleman  had  published  some 
valuable  accounts  of    the    geography   and  products 
of  this  region,  and  was  a  great  loss  to  the  early  traders 
and   settlers    in    Oregon.      General    Alvord,    of  the 
United  States  Army,  observed  this  barbarous  conduct 
among  the  Indians  of  Oregon.*     Father  Charlevoix, 
p.  188,  says:  "The  Indian  sorcerer  is  safe  nowhere, 
and  condemned  to  the  punishment  of  prisoners  of  war. 
Those  who  arc  least  culpable  are   knocked  on  the 
head  before   they   are  burned."     The   physician   is 
usually  paid  his  fee  or  receives  a  present  as  soon  as 
he  enters  the  cabin.      In  some    cases    stipulation  is 
made  for  payment  in  advance  (this,  however,  is  not  the 
general  custom),  and  occasionally  fees   are  returned 
should  the  patient  die.    The  Indian  physician  receives 
almost   any  article  proffered,  as  arms,  skins,  robes, 
moccasin  ornaments,  or  food,  a  dog,  a  horse,  etc. 

It  is  a  notable  fact,  and  particularly  in  the  East, 
that  the  physician  among  early  races,  whose  origin  is 
referable  to  Semitic  stock,  is  frequently  the  head  of 
the  family  or  tribe.  Indeed  all  rank  and  tribal  author- 
ity in  races  having  this  descent  seem  to  be  patterned 
after  the  patriarchal  form,  where  the  head  of  the  family 

~  *  General  Alvord  has  given  an  interesting  account  of  this  cruel 
practice  among  the  Oregon  Indians  in  a  paper  which  he  read.  January 
20,  1877,  before  the  Literary  Society  in  Washington,  and  which  I 
trust  will  soon  be  published.  He  contributed  similar  facts  to  Mr. 
Schoolcraft,  which  are  published  ii.  the  fifth  volume  of  his  wo-U,  p.  652. 
Mr.  Schoolcraft,  on  p.  271,  refers  to  this  practice  among  various  tribes. 


:-:.i:iSK;?;'^?-^j.:.  . 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


85 


IIS,  and  of 
ipathy  for 
medicine, 
the  Indian 
ished  some 
1  products 
irly  traders 
d,    of  the 
us  conduct 
Charlevoix, 
"e  nowhere, 
lers  of  war. 
ced  on  the 
hysician   is 
as  soon  as 
ipulation  is 
r,  is  not  the 
-e  returned 
ian  receives 
kins,  robes, 
ie,  etc. 
1  the  East, 
se  origin  is 
he  head  of 
ibal  author- 
e  patterned 
)f  the  family 

t  of  this  cruel 
e  read, January 
n,  and  which  I 
lar  facts  to  Mr. 
lis  wck,  p.  652. 
jT  various  tribes. 


or  tribe  constitutes  himself  the  ruler,  physician,  and 
priest.  The  reverse  of  this  usage  or  system  obtains 
among  the  North  American  Indians  and  most  uncivil- 
ized races,  not  of  Semitic  origin.  The  chief  among 
the  Indians  is  chosen  for  his  recognized  bravery  or 
other  personal  qualifications.  To  some  extent  age  is 
respected,  and  particularly  when  associated  with  rank; 
but  there  is  no  hereditary  descent  of  office  or  position. 
While  the  priestly  function  may  be  associated  with 
that  of  the  physician,  the  chief  or  king  rarely,  or  per- 
haps never,  combines  either  with  his  tribal  or  rather 
martial  office.  The  professions  seem  to  be  open  to 
the  fullest  competition,  even  females  aspiring  to  the 
honors.  Captain  Wilkes  (vol.  iv.,  p.  399,  of  his  Expe- 
dition) describes  the  practice  of  a  female  physician 
among  the  Walla  Walla  Indians  of  Oregon. 

To  appreciate  the  Indian  physician  at  his  real  worth 
he  must  be  judged  of  from  a  standard  of  proficiency 
that  will  take  into  account  his  actual  knowledge,  en- 
vironments, and  the  wants  of,  as  well  as  the  degree  of 
intelligence  possessed  by,  the  tribe  to  which  he  be- 
longs, and  not  measured  by  the  exaction':  which 
civilization  and  Christianity  have  established  for  the 
nineteenth  century.  As  it  is  my  desire  to  discuss  Indian 
medicine  as  it  existe  '  when  this  continent  was  dis- 
covered, or  at  least  before  its  system  was  modified 
by  contact  v/ith  the  whites,  it  is  but  proner,  in  compar- 
ing it  with  che  best  practice  of  to-day,  thaL  we  should 
remember  the  progress  the  science  of  medicine  has 
everywhere  made  within  this  period.  I  will  not  take  up 
your  time  w'th  an  account  of  their  extreme  ignorance 
of  physiology  and  their  absurd  and  foolish  methods 


1: 


86 


TONERS    ADDRESS. 


j^^i 


of  cure  through  magic.  I  seek  rather  to  present  them 
fairly,  if  not  at  their  best.  With  this  explanation  of  the 
standard  by  which  to  estimate  the  skill  of  the  Indian 
physician  in  the  treatment  of  the  ills  common  to  their 
condition  and  modes  of  life,  it  presents,  in  the  main, 
no  mean  degree  of  success.  It  is  nevertheless  true 
that  their  strange  and  ridiculous  maneuvers  and  jug- 
glery offend  the  common  sense  of  the  present  day,  and 
were  doubtless  often  carried  to  an  extent  that  lost 
sight  of  the  essential  points  in  the  treatment  of  the 
sick.* 

The  theory  of  disease  held  hy  the  Indian  was  so 
entirely  different  from  that  of  the  educated  physician 
of  the  present  age,  that  it  is  proper  his  practice:  should 
be  viewed  in  connection  with  it.  It  was  believed  that 
disease  was  produced  by  evil  spirits,  and  that  the 
medicine-men  h.td  power  to  hold  close  communion 
with  the  unsee".,  and  thus  dis.  over  the  secret  causes 
of  all  disorders  and  by  incantation  insure  their  expul- 
sion. Notwithstanding  this  absurd  notion,  they  were 
not  entirely  ignorant  of  the  functions  of  some  of  the 

*Cal!in  says  that  all  tribes  h.ive  their  physicians,  who  are  also 
medicine  ov  mystery  men.  "These  professional  men  are  worthies  of 
the  highest  order  in  all  tribes.  They  are  regularly  called  and  paid  as 
physicians  to  prescribe  Cor  their  sick,  and  many  of  them  acquire  great 
skill  in  the  medical  world  and  gain  much  celebrity  in  the  nati-- i. 
Their  first  prescriptions  are  roots  and  herbs,  of  which  they  have  a 
great  variety  of  species,  and  where  these  have  all  failed,  the  last  resort 
is  to  '  medicine'  or  mystery."  The  fact  is  mentioned  by  many  authors 
that  the  physician  is  always  dre.sed  with  elaborate  care.  Drawings 
of  the  physicians'  costumes  nny  be  seen  in  Catlin's  History  of  North 
American  Indians,  vol.  i.,  p.  40.  The  doctor's  dress  is  graphically 
descril)ed  in  Lawson's  History  of  North  Carolina,  p.  37,  and  in  Los- 
kid's  Missi(  u  '4  the  United  Brethren,  p.  III. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


«7 


sent  them 
:ion  of  the 
he  Indian 
in  to  their 
the  main, 
eless  true 
I  and  jug- 
it  day, and 
:  that  lost 
ent  of  the 

an  was  so 
physician 
ticfr  should 
lieved  that 
I  that  the 
ommunion 
c;ret  causes 
heir  expul- 
they  were 
)me  of  the 

who  are  also 
ire  worthies  of 
ed  and  paid  as 
\  acquire  great 
in  the  nati'i. 
h  they  have  a 
,  the  last  resort 
y  many  authors 
re.  Drawings 
story  of  North 

is  graphically 
57,  and  in  Los- 


more  important  organs  of  the  human  body.*  These 
they  learned  by  the  analogy  the  organs  in  man  bore 
to  those  of  the  animals  which  they  were  accustomed 
to  kill  and  cut  up  for  food.  They  were  cognizant  of 
the  fact  that  the  lungs  are  the  organs  of  respiration, 
that  the  heart  is  necessary  for  the  circulation  of  the 
blood,  and  that  a  suppression  of  the  action  of  the  kid- 
neys would  be  fatal  to  life.f  The  more  urgent  de- 
mand for  the  skill  of  the  physician  would  be  condi- 
tions growing  out  of  accidents,  more  or  less  .severe, 
such  as  fracture,  luxations,  and  incised  wounds.  In 
the  treatment  of  these  the  red  man's  physician  occa- 
sionally displays  much  common  sen.se,  mingled  with 
mystery.  Every  warrior  is  expected  to  have  some 
knowledge  of  the  healing  properties  of  plants  and 
roots,  in  order  that  he  may  intelligently  treat  such  dis- 
eases and  accidents  as  are  likely  to  occur  when  on  the 
war-path  or  on  a  hunting  expedition.  Their  necessi- 
ties taught  them  efficient  modes  of  transporting  those 
who  became  disabled  on  the  march.  Dr.  Pitcher 
describes   the   litters  tliey  constructed,  of  two  poles 

*  Dr.  Zina  Pitcher,  in  Schoolcraft's  History  of  the  Indians  of  the 
United  States,  p.  505. 

t  Dr.  Brickell,  a  physician  who  lived  for  many  years  among  the 
Indians  of  North  Carolina,  says;  "  I  never  olwerved  any  of  them  to 
practice  anatomy;  neither  ilo  I  believe  they  have  any  knowledge 
therein,  unless  they  make  a  study  of  the  skeletons  of  their  kings  and 
great  men's  bones."     (Brickell's  History  of  North  Carolina,  p.  339.) 

Schoolcraft,  vol.  v.,  p.  501,  says  the  Indians  have  "distinct  names 
for  the  heart,  lungs,  liver,  gall,  spleen,  windpipe,  and  other  functional 
parts."  In  the  same  volume  Dr.  Pitcher  relates  an  anecdote  to  show 
how  the  experienced  Indian  hunter,  from  an  examination  of  the  ovaries 
of  the  heaver,  will  predict  from  the  scars  found  the  number  of  young 
she  has  had,  and  therefore  the  number  he  may  expect  to  trap. 


88 


TONERS    AUDKESS. 


lashed  to  cross-pieces  by  means  of  bark  and  then 
woven  or  filled  in  with  strips  of  bark  to  form  a  web  or 
mat  upon  which  the  wounded  are  placed  and  carried 
by  four  persons.  A  method  somewhat  similar  for 
carrying  the  disabled  is  mentioned  by  Father  Jacob 
Bacgcrt  as  resorted  to  by  the  Southern  California  In- 
dians. "  They  placed,"  he  says,  "  their  sick  or 
wounded  on  a  rude  litter  made  of  crooked  pieces  of 
wood,  which  would  constitute  a  rack  to  any  but  Indian 
bones;"  but  adds,  "the  carriers  were  in  the  habit  of 
running  with  their  charge."*  An  incident  recorded  by 
Alexander  Henry  evinces  the  ability  of  the  hunter  to 
arrest  hemorrhage  from  an  artery  by  compression. 
An  Indian  on  his  wintering  ground  trapping  beaver, 
when  at  a  distance  from  his  lodge  slipped  on  the  ice 
and,  falling  on  his  hatchet,  nearly  severed  his  hand  at 
the  wrist.  Taking  off  his  shirt,  he  tore  it  into  strips 
and  bound  it  tightly  around  the  arm  above  the 
wound,  thus  stopping  the  flow  of  blood,  and  walked 
three  miles  to  his  cabin.  The  hand  was  then  de- 
tached, thus  completing  the  amputation,  and  the 
stump  dressed,  which  healed  rapidly.f 

When  necessary  to  cleanse  deep  wounds  Indian  phy- 
sicians made  use  of  expedients,  some  of  which  are 
worthy  of  mention.     For  instance,  they  constructed  a 


♦Smithsonian  Repoit,  1874,  p.  387.  The  same  or  nearly  similar 
methods  are  mentioned  by  Schoolcraft,  vol.  I,  p.  254,  and  by  other 
authors.  See  also  Surgeon  G.  A.  Oiis's  report  on  the  removal  or  the 
transportation  of  sick  and  wounded  by  pack-animals  to  the  Surgeon- 
General,  U.  S.  A.,  1877. 

f  Travels  and  Adventures  in  Canada  and  the  Indian  Territory,  by 
Alex.  Henry,  pp.  122,  123. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MKIMCAF.    ASSOCrATlON. 


8y 


and  then 
1  a  web  or 
ncl  carried 
iniilar  for 
her  Jacob 
ifornia  In- 
■  sick  or 
d  pieces  of 
but  Indian 
he  habit  of 
L-corded  by 
;  hunter  to 
mpression. 
ng  beaver, 

on  the  ice 
liis  hand  at 

into  strips 

above  the 
ind  walked 
l3  then  de- 
I,    and   the 

ndian  phy- 

which  are 

nstructed  a 

nearly  similar 
,  and  by  other 
removal  or  the 
I  the  Surgeon- 

n  Territory,  by 


syringe  made  of  a  bladder  with  a  quill  inserted  in  it 
for  a  nozzle,  through  which  they  forced  water  or  any 
decoction  they  wished  to  use  for  this  purpose* 
Suction  both  by  the  mouth  and  through  tubes  is  re- 
sorted to  for  removing  foreign  bodies  from  vvounds,  as 
they  wished  to  avoid  enlarging  them,  and  looked  upon 
a  practice  that  did  so  with  disfavor.  Tubes  made  of 
stone  and  other  substances  seem  to  have  been  much 
used,  and  are  frequently  found  in  Indian  graves.  These 
tubes  also  served  as  a  sort  of  cupping  instrument  and 
for  blowing  through  to  cool  inflamed  parts,  to  remove 
foreign  bodies,  and  for  conveying  water  forced  from 
the  mouth  in  washing  out  cavities  and  wounds  not 
readily  reached.  Their  surgeons  took  special  care  to 
remove  all  foreign  bodies  from  wounds  as  soon  after 
an  accident  as  possible,  which  they  accomplished  with 
care  and  much  dexterity.f 

Numerous  instances  are  recorded  of  their  applying 
dressings  of  cold  water,  and  also  poultices  of  Indian 
meal,  slippery-elm  bark,  and  a  variety  of  roots,  herbs, 
and  other  substances.  Dr.  Pitcher  states  that  they  coap- 
tate  and  hold  in  position  incised  or  other  wounds  by 
means  of  sutures  made  of  the  tendons  from  the  leg  of 
the  deer.  These  they  introduced  with  a  needle  made  of 
bone.  A  slender  fiber  from  the  center  of  the  tamarack, 
and  also  the  inner  bark  of  the  bass-wood,  were  used  as 
threads  for  sewing  up  wounds.  The  rule  was  not  to 
remove  the  sutures  until  after  the  sixth  day.     And 


*  Charlevoix,  Pitcher,  and  others. 

fLoskiel's  Mission  of  the  United  Brethren,  p.  ii2;  Captain  Jona- 
than Carver,  p.  257 ;  and  Father  Charlevoix,  p.  268. 


90 


TONKK  S    ADUKhSS. 


while  tlicy  were  averse  to  cnlargin-^  wounds,  never- 
theless they  were  aware  of  the  advantage  of  having 
them  heal  from  the  bottom.     To  insun:  tiiis,,  they  in- 
serted tents   of  slippery  elm  bark  in  deep  wounds  to 
keep  them  open.*     According  to  lirickell,  from  the 
manner  in  which  the  Intliansuf  North  Carolina  treated 
the  prisoners  taken  in  war,  and  whom  they  desired  to 
keep  as  slaves,  it  is  evident  they  knew  that  in  amputa- 
tion it  was  important  to  preserve  a  tlapof  skin  to  cover 
the  end  of  the  bone.     The  method  they  adopted  for 
preventing  the  slave  from  running  away  was  to   maim 
him   by   cutting  off  one-half  of    each  foot.     "  They 
flayed  the  skin  from  the  setting  in  of  the  toes  to  the 
middle  of  the  foot,  cut  off  one-half  of  his  feet,  wrapping 
the  skin  over  the  wounds  and  then  healing  them."t 
Lawson,  in   his   History  of  North  Carolina,   testifies 
to    the  same    practice,  and  to  their    skill  in    arrest- 
ing   hemorrhage.        Alexander     Henry,    before    re- 
ferred to,  records    the  case  of  a  man   wounded  by 
an  axe  penetrating  the  lung,  which  was  followed  by 
profuse    hemorrhage.     Air  escaped    from    the    lung 
through  the  opening,  yet   this   was   so  succe.ssfully 
treated  the  Indian  was  alive  twenty  years  afterward.^ 
Loskiel  says  a  hunter  accidentally  dislocated  his 

*The  practice  of  introducing  slippery- elm  tents  into  deep  wounds 
IS  described  by  Pitcher.  Hunter,  already  referred  to,  alludes  to  the 
same  practice,  and  to  the  use  of  the  pulverized  bark  in  poultices,  p.  J58. 

fUr.  John  Brickell,  in  his  Natural  History  of  North  Carolina,  pub- 
lished  in  Dublin,  1737,  pp.  321  and  399  ;  John  Lawson,  in  his  History 
of  North  Carolina,  pp.  322,  323,  records  the  same  fact  and  in  nearly 
identical  language,  so  that  there  is  not  much  doubt  but  the  flap  oper- 
ation in  amputation  was  practiced  as  early  as  1700  in  North  Carolina. 

X  Henry's  Travels,  already  cited,  pp.  124,  125. 


ds,  ncvcr- 
of  having 
i,  they  in- 
ivounds  to 
,  from  the 
iia  treated 
desired  to 
n  aiiiputa- 
in  to  cover 
Jopted  for 
>  to  maim 
t.     "  They 
oes  to  the 
.wrapping 
ig  theni."t 
a,   testifies 
in    arrest- 
before    re- 
•undcd  by 
illowed  by 
the    lung 
uccessfully 
iiftcrward.I 
ocated  his 

deep  wounds 
alludes  to  the 
ultices,  p.  J58. 
Carolina,  pub- 
in  his  History 
and  in  nearly 
the  flap  oper- 
Forth  Carolina. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MKDICAr.   ASSOCIATION.  9 1 

tlii',di  wlien  alone  in  the  woods,  and  rc|)Iac.-d  it  by 
fasti-ning  one  ^mi  of  a  straf)  to  the  nearest  tree  and 
il.c  oHierto  his  dislocated  limb,  and  then  forcing  him- 
self away  from  the  tree  by  the  uninjured  leg  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  make  traction  and  replace  the  dislocated 
joint. 

The  Indian  physicians  were  aware  of  the  assistance 
gained  by  securing  muscular  relaxation  in  replacing 
dislocated  limbs.*  Fractures,  according  to  the  state- 
ments of  Dr.  Zina  Pitcher,  Father  Charlevoix,  and 
I.oskiel.  were  treated  by  placing  the  injured  'imb  in 
.splints  made  of  birch  or  other  bark,  careful!^  d  to 

the  part,  and  fastened  by  bark  bandages,  so  a ,  u)  keep 
the  bones  in  their  position.     Ross  Cox,  in  his  Adven- 
tures   on    the  Colorado    River,   page    125.  says    the 
Flatheatl  Indians  treat    fractures  by  "  bandages  and 
pieces  of  wood  like  staves  placed  longitudinally  around 
the  part,  to  which  they  are  secured  by  leather  thongs." 
I  find  no  mention  of  arty  means  used  by  them  for  exten- 
sion or  counter-extension   in    fractures.     Of  course, 
shortening  of  limbs   must   have  occurred  in  certain 
cases  for  want  of  such  treatment. 

The  testimony  is  general  that  but  few  deformed  or 
crippled  Indians  were  to  be  seen.  These  Indians  cure 
rheumatism  by  cold  baths,  which  they  use  in  con- 
junction with  the  steam-bath,  often  breaking  the  ice 
to  plunge  into  the  cold  water.  Bancroft  st'Jites  that 
the  Haidah  Indians  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  to  arrest 
hemorrhagesjrom  bites  or  wounds,  use  eagle-down  to 

*  Loskiel,  p.  112.  Hunter,  p.  397,  s.iys  they  were  acquainted  with 
the  advantage  of  relaxing  the  muscles  in  dislocations,  and  gave  medi- 
cine  to  produce  nausea  for  this  purpose. 


i^ 


92 


TONKU  S    ADDKI'.SS. 


thrust  into  the  wound  or  bind  upon  it.  Pitcher  states 
they  usi;d  the  ordinary  pulTball  for  arresting,'  liciiior- 
rlia^je,  anil  in  ipistaxis  phi^tiid  the  nostrils  with  it  anil 
with  pulverized  charcoal.  Smith,  in  his  History  of 
Virj^inia,  sjieaks  of  the  inveterate  character  of  ulcers, 
and  Dr.  Zina  I'itcher  remarks  that  those  of  an  indolent 
character  were  sometimes  treated  with  a  salve  made  of 
fresh  ashes  and  tallow  or  powdered  calamus,  and  adds 
that  the  actual  cautery  was  at  times  used  in  these  cases. 
The  Indians  treated  boils  and  phlegmonous  ulcera- 
tion by  scarification  and  lancing,  and  by  poultices  of 
Indian  meal,  sUppery-elm  bark,  wild  onions,  etc.  The 
Indians  of  Cape  Flattery  (see  Smithsonian  Report  for 
1870,  p.  79)  used  a  poultice  of  oy.sters  and  fresh  fish. 
Tliey  made  use  of  the  actual  c  1  itery  and  a  mu.xa  made 
into  a  cone  from  the  dried  in:  er  bark  of  the  white 
pine.  The  part  of  the  body  selected  for  the  moxa  is 
prepared  by  moistening,  the  cone  is  then  placed  in 
position  and  ignited,  which  burning  leaves  a  deep  sore. 
This  is  kept  open  by  removing  the  scab  until  relief 
is  oL/lained.  It  is  ;.  Civorite  practice  among  these  In- 
dians to  ;;sri  ten.  cautery  for  all  internal  diseases, 
on  the  th  •-'•>  that  it  serves  the  double  purpose  of 
blisterir  '   "'d  bleeding. 

Beveri>  (History  of  Virginia,  second  edition,  1722, 
p  ijes  186,  187),  says  that  when  pain  is  seated  in  a 
limb  or  joint  the  general  cure  is  by  burning.  Their 
method  of  doing  this  he  informs  us  "  is  by  little  .sticks  of 
lighted  wood,  the  coal  of  which  will  burn  like  a  hot 
iron  ;  the  sharp  point  of  this  they  run  into  the  flesh, 
and  having  made  a  sore  keep  it  running  till  the  humor 
be  drawn  off."     They  also  use  the  punk  or  touchwood 


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ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


93 


made  into  canes  and  used  as  a  moxa,  burning  it  over 
the  seat  of  pain,  so  as  to  form  a  sore.  Charlevoix  re- 
marks that  they  possessed  several  cauterants,  promi- 
nent among  which  was  rotten  wood,  probably  punk. 
Pitcher  says  that  for  hernia  they  used  bandages  with 
pads,  but  when  strangulation  ensued  they  were  unable 
to  afford  relief. 

By   some  historians  the  toothache  is  stated  to  have 
been   comparatively    common    among    the   Indians. 
Loskiel  states  that  they  used  in  this  affection  an  ap- 
plication of  the  bark  of  the  white  walnut  to  the  cheek, 
and  when  relief  was  not  obtained  by  such  remedies, 
Brickell  tells  us  the  tooth  was  punched  out,  by  placing 
a  piece  of  cane  against  it,  which  was  then  struck  in  such 
a  manner  as    to  drive  the  tooth  out,  which  is  done 
without  injury  to  the  bone.     The  same  author  speaks 
of  the  success  of  the  Indian  physicians  in  their  treat- 
ment of  burns.     Similar  testimony  is  given  by  Loskiel, 
who  says  they  made  applications  of  a  decoction  of 
beech-leaves  in  such  cases.     A  long  list  of  the  medi- 
cines used  by  the  Indians  may  be  seen  in  Hunter's 
Narrative,  in  Schoolcraft,  and  in  a  recent  report  by 
Major  Powell.     Loskiel,  in  referring  to  long  confine- 
ments which  produce  bed-sores,  states  that  they  adopt 
the  following  method  for  the  comfort  and  relief  of  the 
patient.     They  make  a  soft  bed  of  straw,  and  under 
the  part  where  the  buttock  rests  they  make  an  aper- 
ture to  relieve  pressure  and  through  which  the  natural 
evacuations  may  take  place. 

Bleeding  was  a  common  and  popular  practice  among 
nearly  all  tribes.  Henry,  in  his  travels,  says  it  was 
held  in  such  general  favor  that  even  those  in  good 


94 


toner's  address. 


health  resorted  to  it,  and  states  that  on  one  occasion 
he  bled  a  dozen  women  as  they  were  seated  on  a  fallen 
tree,  commencing  with   the  first  and  opening  a  ve.n 
then  the  second,  and  so  on.  three  or  four  bleedmg  at 
one  time      This  operation  is  performed  with  a  sharp 
flint  in  the  arm.  and  sometimes  in  the  foot.      Next 
to  that  of  bleeding,  cupping  was  a  popular  remedy, 
•  and  performed  in  the  following   manner:    Over  the 
seat  of  pain  or  part  to  be  cupped  they  would  scarify, 
and  then  place  over  this  a  gourd  cut  off  near  the  end, 
which  served  as  a  cup.     They  half-filled  this  with  com  • 
bustible  matter,  which,  burning  rapidly,  exhausted  the 
air    forming  a  vacuum  in  the    gourd,  which    when 
placed  on  the  part,  made  an  admirable    up^  Another 
mode  of  cupping,  related  by  J.  C.  Beltrami,  Dr.  Pitcher, 
and  others,  was  as  follows :   After  lacerating  the  skin 
with  a  sharpened  bone  or  flint,  the  large  end  of  a 
bufl-alo-horn  was  applied  over  the  incisions.     Exhaus- 
tion in  this  case  was  produced  with  the  mouth  applied 
to  the  small  end  of  the  horn,  which  was  perforated. 
The  blood  by  this  method  is  discharged  through  the 
mouth  of  the  operator.     Carver  states  that  they  sharp- 
ened flint-flakes  by  grinding  or  whetting  them  on  a 
stone  so  as  to  be  quite  efficient  as  a  cutting  instru- 
ment'for  scarification.     Brickell  states  that  for  scari- 
fying the  North  Carolina  Indians  used  the  teeth  ot 
the  rattlesnake  from  which  the  poison  had  been  ex- 
tracted     "Scarification  was  frequently  resorted  to, 
savs  Father  Hennepin,  "for  the  relief  of  pain  and 
swelling,  even   where  cupping   was   not   practiced. 
According  to  Father  Charlevoix,  Henry,  and  others, 

the  gout,  stone,  and  apoplexy  are   unknown   among 


ic  occasion 
I  on  a  fallen 
ing  a  vein, 
bleeding  at 
irith  a  sharp 
oot.      Next 
lar  remedy, 
:    Over  the 
ould  scarify, 
lear  the  end, 
lis  with  com- 
xhausted  the 
which,  when 
ip.     Another 
i,Dr.  ritcher, 
ting  the  skin 
rgc  end  of  a 
ns.     Exhaus- 
nouth  applied 
as  perforated, 
d  through  the 
at  they  sharp- 
ie them  on  a 
cutting  instru- 
that  for  scari- 
\  the  teeth  o\ 
\  had  been  ex- 
resorted  to," 
f  of  pain  and 
lot   practiced." 
iry,  and  others, 
<nown   among 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


95 


the  Indians,  and  to  this  list  Hcckewclder  adds  rickets 
and  scrofula;  and  Dr.  Brickell  .says  that  dropsy,  dia- 
betes, gout,  stone,  consumption,  asthma,  palsy,  .struma, 
and  a  ho.st  of  European  disca.ses,  too  numerous  to 
mention,  were  completely  unknown  to  the  Indians  of 
North  Carolina.  Hunter  .s.iys  that  the  di.seases  most 
common  are  rheumatism,  asthma,  fevers,  pleurisy,  and 
bowel-complaint.  Smith,  in  his  History  of  Virginia, 
records  the  fact  that  drop.sy  was  sometimes  prevalent 
among  the  Indians  of  that  section. 

Jones,  in  his  Antiquities  of  the  Southern  Indians, 
p.  33,  states  that  the  treatment  of  diseases  by  them 
did  not  depend  so  much  upon  the  giving  of  medi- 
cines as  it  did  upon  strict  attention  to  regimen  and 
abstinence.  Father  Charlevoix  bears  testimony  that 
the  doctor  never  refused  the  patient  anything  that  he 
desired  to  eat,  under  the  belief  that  "  his  desires  in  this 
state  arc  the  orders  of  the  genius  that  presides  over 
his  preservation."  Loskiel  says  that  the  sick  were 
given  as  diet  a  thick  soup  of  pounded  corn-meal. 
Carver  says  the  physicians  refu.se  their  patients  no  sort 
of  food  they  desire,  and  are  never  alarmed  for  their 
recovery  unless  all  appetite  be  lost.  Lawson  in  his 
Hi-story  of  North  Carolina,  already  referred  to,  at  p.  39, 
says:  "I  have  seen  such  admirable  cures  performed 
by  these  savages,  which  would  puzzle  a  great  many 
graduate  practitioners  to  trace  their  steps  in  healing, 
with  the  same  expedition,  ease,  and  success ;  using  no 
racking  instruments  in  their  surgery,  nor  nice  rule  of 
diet  and  physic,  to  verify  the  saying,  </><i  medice  vivit, 
misere  vivit.  In  wounds  which  penetrate  deep  and 
seem  mortal,  they  order  a  spare  diet  with  drinking 


i>i§2a^ft>M£.I;Sa^5S 


t 


In 


1  ii 
Mi. 


i. 


■^3iwmmm 


96 


TONER  S   ADDRESS. 


fe 


fountain  water  ;  if  they  perceive  a  white  matter  or  pus 
to  rise,  they  let  the  patient  move  at  large,  and  pres- 
ently cure  him." 

C.  C.  Jones  says  the  physicians  occasionally  re- 
quired their  patients  to  lie  upon  their  stomachs  with 
their  heads  over  pans  in  which  medicinal  plants  were 
being  boiled,  so  that  they  might  inhale  the  medical 
properties.  The  sweat-bath  was  an  institution  in  every 
village  or  camp,  and  used  not  only  in  health,  but  for 
nearly  every  ill  from  which  they  suffered.  Charlevoix, 
Brickcll,  Furman,  and  Pitcher  give  an  account  of  a 
mode  of  administering  an  earth  sweat-bath,  which  was 
to  open  a  dry  sand  bank,  or  the  earth  where  wood  had 
been  burned  and  before  the  ground  had  become  cold, 
sufficiently  deep  for  a  man  to  lie  down  in,  wrapped  in 
a  blanket.  The  patient  is  then  covered  over  with  the 
earth  excepting  his  head,  and  left  for  hours. 

Carver,  Charlevoi.K,  and  Pitcher  mention  the    fre- 
quency of  pleurisy  among  the    IndLms,   which  was 
treated  by  poultices  and  other  external  applications, 
some  of  which  were  of  a  rubefacient  character.     They 
also  bled  in  these  diseases.    Consumption  is  mentioned 
by  the  same  authors.     Heckewelder  claims  that  con- 
sumption had  become  more  frequent  among  the  In- 
dians after  the  introduction  of  alcoholic  liquors.    Los- 
kiel  tells  us  that  in  consumption  the  flesh  of  the  rattle- 
snake is  made  into  broth  and  administered  with  good 
results.     De  Forest,  in  his  History  of  the  Indians  of 
Connecticut,  mentions  the  existence  of  quinsy,  which 
was  treated  by  sweat-baths.     As  might  be  expected, 
rheumatism,  both  in  the  acute  and  chronic  form,  was  a 
common  disease  among  the  Indians,  old  and  young. 


atter  or  pus 
;,  and  prcs- 

sionally  re- 
imachs  with 
plants  were 
the  medical 
:ion  in  every 
alth,  but  for 
Charlevoix, 
account  of  a 
h,  which  was 
;re  wood  had 
become  cold, 
,  wrapped  in 
5ver  with  the 
irs. 

^ion  the   fre- 
which  was 
applications, 
acter.     They 
is  mentioned 
nis  that  con- 
mong  the  In- 
iquors.    Los- 
of  the  rattle- 
ed  with  good 
le  Indians  of 
uinsy,  which 
be  expected, 
c  form,  was  a 
d  and  young. 


KOCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


97 


It  was  treated,  says  Loskiel,  both  by  scarification,  cup- 
ping, anointing  with  oil,  rubefacients,  and  also  by  poul- 
tices of  a  plant  called  jalap,  the  bark  of  the  white  wal- 
nut, etc.  Brickell,  in  his  History  of  North  Carolina, 
p.  398,  states:  "They  have  a  kind  of  rheumatism 
which  generally  afflicts  their  legs  with  grievous  pains 
and  violent  heats ;  while  thus  tortured,  they  employ 
the  young  people  continually  to  pour  cold  water  upon 
the  part  aggrieved  until  such  time  as  the  pains  are 
abated  and  they  become  perfectly  easy,  using  no  other 
method  for  this  kind  of  disorder."  Thus  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  American  Indians  early  discovered  the 
advantage  of  reducing  high  temperature  by  the  appli- 
cation of  cold  water. 

Typhus  fever  was  probably  unknown  to  them,  but 
the  malarial  and  bilious  fevers  were  common  through- 
out the  tide-water  region  and  southern  low  lands. 
These  were  treated  by  decoctions  of  herbs  and  cold 
lotions,  but  the  names  of  the  ingredients  have  not  been 
preserved.  Father  Hennepin,  in  speaking  of  the  fevers, 
says  that  to  cure  the  tertian  or  quartan  fevers  and 
agues  they  used  a  "  decoction  of  the  bark  of  a  tree." 
Many  tribes  of  Indians  in  the  beginning  of  fevers 
used  emetics,  which  they  prepared  from  a  variety 
of  sources,  as  "the  spurge,  thorough-wort,  etc."  As 
purgatives  they  used  the  euphorbium  and  horse-chest- 
nut, white  walnut,  etc.  Much  reliance  in  breaking  a 
fever  was  placed  on  the  hot  and  cold  baths  combined, 
a  powerful  reaction  being  produced  by  the  transition 
from  a  profuse  sweat  to  a  plunge  or  douche  of  cold 
water.  The  want  of  knowledge  of  the  true  nature  of 
exanthematous  diseases,  which  were  treated  by   the 


1 '! 


m 


98 


TONERS   ADDRESS. 


same    methods    employed  in    other    complaints,  no 
doubt  occasioned  many  deaths. 

Dysentery  and  diarrluea  arc  mentioned  by  a  num- 
ber of  authors  as  existing  among  tlie  northern  and 
western  tribes.  Father  Charlevoix,  I.oskiel,  and  Dr. 
Pitcher  state  that  tliese  di.sea.ses  were  both  treated  by 
a  decoction  of  the  root  of  the  low  blackberry,  the  juice 
from  the  cedar-tree,  etc. 

Paralysis  is  mentioned  by  Brickell,  Lawson,  Pitcher, 
Carver,  and  Charlevoix,  who  allude  to  it  as  a  rare  dis- 
ease. The  latter  mentions  the  fact  of  an  Indian  suf- 
fering from  epilep.sy  being  cured  by  a  bolus  adminis- 
tered by  an  Indian  woman,  but  has  not  informed  us  of 
what  the  bolus  was  composed.  Lewis  and  Clarke,  in 
their  journal  of  an  expedition  to  the  Pacific,  mention 
the  frequency  of  sore  eyes  among  the  Indian  tribes  of 
the  plains.  lirickell,  in  alluding  to  skin-diseases,  states 
that  they  are  readily  cured  by  plants  collected  by  the 
Indians,  and  that  scald-head  was  invariably  cured  by 
the  application  of  an  oil  made  from  acorns. 

The  testimony  is  almost  universal  that  Indian 
women  suffered  but  slightly  in  childbirth.  The  little 
aid  rendered  them  was  generally  by  females.  Lawson, 
however,  in  his  history  of  North  Carolina,  states  that 
no  disadvantage  was  suffered  for  want  of  "midwives, 
for  these,  as  well  as  doctors,  are  well  skilled  in  the 
practice  and  render  labor  less  difficult."  His  language 
gives  the  impression  that  males  as  well  as  females 
rendered  .service  in  these  cases.* 

A  singular  proceeding,  in  a  difficult  and  protracted 
labor,  calculated  to  bring  on  partial  suffocation  in  the 

*  Schoolcraft,  vol.  I,  p.  225  ;  2,  p.  65. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


plaints,  no 

by  a  num- 
thcrn  and 
cl,  and  Dr. 
treated  by 
y,  the  juice 

Dn,  Pitcher, 
;  a  rare  dis- 
Indian  suf- 
4s  adminis- 
jrmed  us  of 
1  Clarke,  in 
ic,  mention 
an  tribes  of 
eases,  states 
Cted  by  the 
y  cured  by 

lat    Indian 

The  Httle 

Lavvson, 

states  that 

|"midwives, 

jlled  in  the 

|is  language 

as  females 

protracted 
ktion  in  the 


parturicnL  woman,  is  related  by  Carver,  p.  260.  He 
(iLscribes  a  rase  where  the  surgeon,  midwife,  and 
friends  despaired  of  the  life  of  the  patient,  but  who 
was  promptly  relieved  by  an  Indian  woman,  who  "took 
a  handkerchief  and  bound  it  tightly  over  the  nose  and 
mouth  of  the  parturient  woman.  This  immediately 
brought  on  a  suffocation,  and  from  the  struggles  that 
consequently  ensued  she  was  in  a  few  seconds  deliv- 
ered." The  insensibility  and  relaxation  produced  by 
this  treatment  may  have  relaxed  the  muscles,  and  in 
some  respects  resemble  a  state  of  anscsthesia. 

The  question  of  the  origin  of  syphilis  is  one  that, 
since  shortly  after  the  discovery  of  America,  has 
caused  much  discussion  in  the  medical  profession.* 

*  Tho  writer  who  first  asserted  the  American  origin  of  syphilis  was 
I.ennhard  Schmauss,  a  German  physician,  who  wrote  in  J518,  twenty- 
live  years  after  the  disease  appeared  or  was  recognized  as  existing  in 
Italy.  He  was  followed  by  Ulrich  Van  Ilulten,  Oviedo,  and  others, 
who  reiterated  the  same  view,  and  in  fifty  years  the  statement  was  ac- 
cepied  as  a  fact.  These  authors  say  that  the  sailors  attached  to  the 
fleet  of  Columbus  brought  it  on  his  first  or  second  return  home  in 
1493  and  1496.  Dr.  Good  says  this  is  an  error,  for,  on  his  reaching 
Seville,  in  the  ensuing  month  of  April,  in  order  to  join  the  Spanish 
army,  syphilis  then  existed  in  Auvergne,  Lombardy,  and  various 
parts  of  Italy,  and  in  the  course  of  the  summer  was  in  Saxony,  Branden- 
burg, Brunswick,  Mecklenburg,  and  especially  Strasburg  and  at 
Cracow  in  Poland.  Fracastorio,  a  physician  of  high  repute  for  his 
skill  in  the  treatment  of  this  di.sease,  and  who  resided  at  the  spot 
where  it  was  thought  to  have  appeared  in  Spain,  asserts  that  previous 
to  the  date  hore  assigned  to  the  diseaseit  existed  in  Asia  and  Africa,  as 
well  as  in  some  parts  of  Europe.  Fulgori  and  others  state  that  it 
was  in  upper  Italy  in  1492  and  1493  ;  and  at  Massa,  Cataneo,  Pinetor, 
Burchardi,  Capreoli,  and  at  Rome  in  1494.  Therefore  Oviedo's  state- 
ment that  it  was  carried  to  Italy  by  Gonzalvo  is  an  error,  as  that  gen- 
eral only  arrived  at  Calabria  May,  1495.  Oviedo,  although  a  writer 
of  note,  was  charged  and  convicted  of  falsehoods,  contradictions,  and 


100 


toner's  addrrss. 


To  assume,  as  many  authors  have  done,  that  this 
disease  was    unknown    until   after  the   discovery  of 

inaccracies  l.y  contemporary  writers,  sm:h  a,  A .  I  lerrera,  De  la  Cnw 
I'er.l,nan<Io  C.luml,.,,.  and  others.     For  this  reason,  an.1  I.ecnuse  he 
was  not  a  phyMcian.  his  testimony  shoi.Irl   l.e   rcceivc.l  with   caution. 
That  syphih's  ,li,l  not  exist  in  the  New  World  till  after  the  ihir.l  voyace 
orColumbns.  1408,  is  preuy  well  esfal.lishcd.  and  that  it  was  carried 
there  from  the  sea-port  cities  of  Spain  is  prol.al.le.     Indeed,  Swe.liaur 
has    made  these   assertions.    (See  Copeland,  vol.  ,.  p.  ,462.)    Where 
nnd  at  what  time  if  first  appeared  is  nnc.-rtain,  l.ut  that  it  did  spread 
accordmB  to  all  testimony,  wilh  ^reat  rapi-lity  f„  all  the  cities  of  Ku-' 
rope  shortly  after  the  discovery  nf  .\mericn,  is  certain.     It  was  seen  as 
early  ,-,s   1490  by  Kracastorio,  and  by  Fuljjori   in   1492.     It   is  men- 
tioned in  the  Manstield  Chronicle,  the  T.eising  Chronicle,  the  I,eipsic 
Annals,  and  the  Zweifalt  Annals,  as  being  prevaK-nt  in  Germany  in 
the  summer  of  ,493.     Jt  was  common  in  Auvergne  in   1493.  in  Paris 
m    1494,  "«id    in   Augsburg  in   1495.  i„   Memmingen,  at  Numberg. 
■ind   in    Edinburgh   in    1496,  and  spread  through  Uohemia  in  1499. 
(Copeland,  vol.  3,  p.   ,464.  says  that  syphilis   is    identical  wilh   the 
African  "  Yaws,"  which  is  in.ligenous  among  the  negro  races,  thence 
spreading  to  the  Moors  and  Jews  in  North  Africa,  and  thence  conveye.l 
into  Spain   and   Portugal  ages  before  its  spre.iding  into  France  and 
Italy.) 

It  has  been  suggested,  and  with  much  plausibility,  th  it  although  the 
period  of  the  spread  of  syphilis  was  associated  with  the  discovei-y  of 
America,  yet  it  should  be  more  strictly  connected  with  the  period  of 
expulsion  of  the  Moors  from  Spain,  of  whom,  although  the  bulk 
retired  to  Africa,  some  found  refuge  in  Italy  and  resided  outside  the 
Appiaii  gate  at  Rome. 

Hippocrates  speaks  ofa  disease  in  which  there  were  ulcers  on  the 
genitals,  genera'  pustules,  and  loss  of  the  hair,  and  Celsu,  speaks  of  the 
hard  and  soft  chancre.  Chinese  literature  on  this  point  bears  testimony 
that  syphilis  existed  there  and  was  treated  with  mercury  before  the 
Christian  era.  Biblical  scholars  discover  in  the  most  ancient  of  books 
references  to  diseases  of  the  genitals  and  of  seconda.y  effects,  which 
though  of  course  difficult  to  prove,  stiongly  resemble  syphilis.  Ac' 
counts  of  some  of  the  symptoms  of  syphilis  are  given  by  Gulielmus 
de  Sahcetoas  early  as  1270;  Valescus  dcTarantain  1418;  Bernardus 


nc,  that  this 
Jiscovcry  of 


■era,  De  la  Cn»n, 
nnil  because  he 
<l  with  caution, 
the  lliini  voyage 
t  it  wan  carried 
ideet),  Swediaur 
1462.)  Where 
It  it  did  spread, 
he  cities  of  Ku- 
It  was  seen  as 
,92.  It  is  men- 
icle,  the  I.eipsic 
in  Clermany  in 
I  1493,  '"  Pnf'^ 
n,  at  Nurnberg, 
iihemin  in  1499. 
Mitical  with  the 
;ro  races,  tlience 
ihence  conveyed 
into  France  and 

although  the 

e  discoveiy  of 

the  period  of 

lough  Ihe  Ijulk 

Jed  outside  the 

ulcers  on  the 

speaks  of  the 

bears  testimony 

:ury  before  the 

icient  of  books 

cflects,  which, 

syphilis.     Ac- 

by  Gulielmus 

8 :  Bernardus 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   A.S.SOCIATIC)N.         lOI 

.America,  is  ijjnorin^'  history  and  prc-jtulgL-s  the  {jiics- 
tiuii.  Abundant  evidence  is  to  be  fomul  throughout 
the  old  chronicles  and  the  early  general  and  profes- 
sional literature  of  the  existence  of  a  disease  which  it 
is  probable  a  more  exact  and  enlightened  pathology 
luul  recognized  as  .syphilis  ages  before  Coluiubus  was 
born.  Indeed,  the  earlie.st  writers  on  this  di.seaso  did 
not  attribute  its  origin  to  America.  That  the  sailors 
and  soldiers  who  made  early  voyages  to  the  New 
World  lived  dissolute  lives  and  were  perhaps  treated 
for  this  disease  and  died  in  European  hospitals  is  very 
probable.  But  the  evidence  is  entirely  wanting  that 
It  either  existed  among  the  native  Indians  of 
North  America  or  in  Mexico  until  after  it  was  intro- 
duced from  the  Old  World.* 

You  are  aware  of  the  character  of  the  discussions 
that  have  taken  place  on  this  subject  for  nearly  four 
centuries  without  reaching  a  conclusion.  I  shall  there- 
fore not  attempt  to  recapitulate  those  arguments //'^ 
or  con,  but  will  present  a  few  facts  recently  brought  to 


de  Goidonia,  who  died  in  1305  ;  and  Joannes  ab  Arderne  in  1360. 
.Siuw's  Siurvcy  ol  LonUon,  vol.  2,  page  7,  contains  a  copy  of  the 
rules  and  regululionb  eslablislied  by  I'arliament,  in  the  eitjiitb  year 
ol  Henry  U,  3j8  years  belore  the  voyugc  of  Columbus,  in  regard 
to  ilie  litcnscu  slews  ol  Suuihwark,  in  which  is  loundihe  iollowing  : 
"  Wo  siewholder  shall  ktep  any  woman  who  hath  the  perilous  in- 
hrniily  ol  burning." 

*  Those  interested  in  the  question  of  the  early  history  of  syphilis 
will  hiiu  an  admirable  chronological  list  of  the  earliest  publications  on 
this  subject  in  John  Astruc's  Treatise  of  Venereal  Diseases,  410. 
Londjii,  1756.  The  question  of  the  American  origin  of  syphilis  has 
been  well  discussed  by  Clavigtro  in  his  third  volume  of  the  history  of 
Mexico,  Philadelphia  edition  of  1817. 


} 


mmi 


wm^m^ 


loa 


TONKR'S    ADDKKss. 


I.«ht  an.l  .illu.lc  to  some  of  tl.c  rccorclcd  observations 
of  U,c  earliest  travelers  in  A.ncrica  on  tins  subject 

Dr.  Joseph  Jones,  of  New  Orleans,  has  en.ieavor..! 
to  ascertan,  by  a  microscopical  and  chemical  examina- 
tion of  the  bones  of  the  prehistoric  racc^s  found  i,X 
stone  mounds  „f  Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  wh  .t 
were  the  probabilities  of  syphMis  havin.^  e.j.t e' 
amonfi  then,.  I  le  refers  to  the  fact  that  John  I.awson 
the  h.stonan  of  North  Carolina,  was  the  first  Amcri' 
can  author  to  assert  that  syphilis  existed  among  the 

Ind.ansof  North  America  prior  to  the  discovery  by 
Columbus.*  '     y 

*AsI.awson'»  History  of  North  Carolina  i.  not  availal.lT;;^ 
I  wIlLere  «,ve  h.s  statement  in  full  on  this  suhject :  .-A.  these  cal.i.H 

hm   the.r  ch,cf  loctor  or  physicuu..  who  wa.  war.nly  and  nettly    1  . 
w.th   a  matchcat    .naclc  of  turkey-fcuthers.  which   ,„akcs  a  p,e 
show,  seen,,,,,  an  ■    .t  was  a  garnK-n.  of  the-  deepest  silk  sha«.  '  T  j' 
doctor  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  his  nose  by  .he  pox,  which  dis 
h     Ind.ans  of.en  get  l.y  the  K,.«,ish  traders  that  use  „mon„s,  ,hem 
not  1.U    the  na„ves  of  America  have  for  many  ages  (by  their'.w    cI' 
fess,on    been  a  ihced   with  a  distemper  much  like  the  lues  vener 
wh.ch  hath  all  t   e  symptoms  of  the  pox,  being  diflerent  in  thi  "    !' 
fori  never  could  learn  "-t  this  couniry  distemper,  or  yawes  is  be-' 
gun  or  cont.nued  with  gonorrhea,  yet  is  attended  with  nocturnal  pa^ns 
m  the  Innbs,  and  commonly  makes  such  a  progress  as  to  vent  p  rtof 
.he  matter  by  bothes  and  several  ulcers  in  ,he  body  and  othe   pa  .s 
oftentimes  death  ensuing."  '       ' 

"I  have  known  mercurial  unguents  an.l  remedies  work  a  cure  fol 
lowtng  the  s.an,e  methods  as  in  th.  pox.  Several  white  people  but 
chjeny  the  Cnolos  losing  their  palates  and  noses  by  this  devout 
vulture.  It  IS  epidemical,  visiting  these  parts  of  America,  wld  i! 
often  occasioned  through  the  immoderate  drinking  of  rum  by  those 
that  commonly  drink  water  a.  other  times.  Cold  .'gh.s'  lo^^'Z 
bad  open  houses,  and  more  chiefly,  by  often  wettinglhe  feet  .  d  at 
•ng  such  quantities  of  pork  as  they  do.  which  is  ..ro.s    foZnT. 


mmm 


KOCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


103 


observations 
is  subject. 
s  endeavored 
cal  (•xarnina- 
fouiid  in  the 
tiicky,  what 
'inj;  existed 
ohn  Lawson, 
first  Anieri- 
I  amonjj  tlie 
Jiscovery  by 


ailable  lo  many, 
'At  these  caliinn 
e  liioujjht  with 
and  neatly  clad 
makes  ;i  pielly 
ilk  shag.  'rhiH 
,  which  disease 
nmoiij^st  them  ; 
their  own  con- 
he  lues  venera, 


in  this  only, 

yawci,  is  be- 

nocturnal  pains 

vent  part  of 

I  other  parts. 


to 


jrk  a  cure,  fol- 
e  people,  but 

his  devouring 

rica,  which  is 
um,  by  those 
lodging  and 
feet,  and  eat- 

s  food,  and  a 


Dr.  Hrickell,  who  also  resided  in  North  Carolina, 
.ind  was  a  contemporary  writer  with  Lawson,  in  al- 
luding to  the  existence  of  the  venereal  disease  anion}; 
soim- of  the  Indian  tribes,  considers  it  a  by  no  means 
settled  fact  that  the  disease  existed  in  America  prior 
to  the  Europeans  coming,  but  states  that  the  Inilians 
were  able  to  cure  syphilis  by  the  use  of  berries,  that 
produced  salivation  as  thoiij^h  mercury  had  been  used. 

C.  C.  Jones  says  that  the  Jaouanas  were  successful 
in  the  cure  of  venereal  disease;  and  Charlevoix,  in 
s[)eakintj  of  it,  states  that  the  Indians  used  a 
powder  of  three  simples  that  was  an  effectual  cure  of 
the  most  inveterate  "  French  disease."     Notwithstand- 


grtat  iiropagntor  of  such  juices  as  it  often  meets  wiih;il  in  human 
bodies,  once  tainted  with  this  malady,  which  may  ditlereutly  tin  some 
respects)  act  its  tragedy,  the  chances  being  occasioneil  by  the  dilTercnce 
(if  climates  and  bodies  in  luirojic.  We  being  well  enough  assured  that 
the  pox  had  its  lirst  rise  (known  lo  us)  in  this  New  World,  it  being 
caught  of  the  Indian  women  by  the  Spanish  soldiers,  who  followed 
Columbus  in  one  of  his  expeditions  to  America,  who,  after  their  ar- 
rival in  Old  Spain,  were  hastened  to  the  relief  of  Naples,  at  that  time 
besieged  by  the  French.  Provisions  growing  scarce,  the  useless  peo- 
ple were  turned  out  of  the  city,  to  lesson  the  mouths.  Amongst  these 
the  courtezans  were  one  part,  who  had  frequently  embraced  the  Span- 
iards, being  well  fraught  with  riches  by  their  new  discovery.  The 
leager  ladijs  had  no  sooner  lost  their  Spanish  Dons,  but  fouti'l  them- 
selves entertained  by  the  Krcnch,  whose  camp  they  traded  in,  giving 
the  MonsUurs  as  large  a  share  of  the  pocky  spoils  within  their  own 
lines  as  the  Spaniards  had,  who  took  the  pains  to  bring  it  in  their 
native  breeches  as  far  as  from  America.  The  large  sujiply  of  swine's 
flesh  which  that  army  was  chiefly  victualed  withal  made  it  r.ige.  The 
siege  was  raised.  The  French  and  .Spaniards  retreating  to  Flanders, 
which  was  a  parade  of  all  nations;  by  which  means  this  filthy  dis- 
temper crowded  itself  into  most  nations  of  the  known  world."  (Law- 
on's  History  of  North  Carolina,  pp.  37,  38,  39;  Raleigh  edition,  i860.) 


I04 


toner's  address. 


in^'  the  scientific  method  adopted  and  the  seemingly 
conclusive  evidence  discovered  by  Dr.  Joseph  Jones 
that  .syphilis  existed  among  the  races  that  erected  stone 
graves,  he,  in  a  review  of  the  whole  question,  thinks 
tile  proofs  he  has  been  enabled  to  present  on  the 
subject  fivor  the  theory  of  its  existence  among  the 
people  who  built  the  stone  graves.*  Should  these 
results  be  confirmed  by^other  experimcntors  the  ques- 

»  Dr.  Joseph  Jones,  of  New  Orleans,  has  found  in  ihe  skd^i^i^f 
the  stone  grave  race  of  'lennessee  and  Kentucky  what  he  regards  as 
unmistakable  evidence  of  syphilis.     He  says:    "The  bones  in  many 
instances  arc  thoroughly  diseased,  enlarged,  and  thickened,  with  the 
medullary  cavity  completely  obliterated  by  the  inflammatory  action 
and   the  surface  eroded ;  these  erosions  resemble  those  of  syphilis' 
attended  with  the  ulceration  and  destruction  of  the  soft  parts  during 
life.     The  disease  was  not  confined  to  the  tibial  shaft;  the  bones o( 
the  cranium,  the  libula,  ulna,  radius,  clavicle,  sternum,  and  bones  of 
the  face  exhibit  unmistakable  evidence  of  periostitis,  ostitis,  endostitis 
caries,  necrosis,  and  exostosis.     The  medullary  membrane  was  in-' 
volved  to  an  e.iual  degree  with  the  periosteum.     Where  thin  sections 
of  these  bones  were  examined  with  the  naked  eye  and  by  the  use  of 
magnifying  glasses,  portions  were  found  resembling  cancellous  tissue 
from  enlnrgtment  and  erosions  of  the  Haversian  canals  and  the  in- 
crease 11.  number  and  size  of  the  lacuna^  whilst  other  portions  pre- 
sented the  hardened  condition  known  as  sclerosis.     I  observed  also 
various  osseous  ulcerations  which  pathologists  ascribe  to  syphilis 
rounded  ulcers  with  marked  hardening  andeburnification  of  the  bone' 
dependent  not  only  on  periosteal  deposit,  but  upon  chronic  inflam' 
mation  of  the  compact  tissue  itself.     That  these  were  not   due  to 
mechanical  injury,  or  exposure  to  cold,  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that 
they  w.re  almost  similar  on  both  sides  of  the  body.     Thus,  when  one 
tibia  was  diseased  the  other  was  similarly  affected,  both  as  to  position 
and  nature  of  the  disease.     This  was  trueof  all  the  bones  throughout 
and  shows  that  the  poison  was  introduced  through  the  medium  of  the 
blood  and  was  equally  distributed  to  all  paiU  of  the  body."    (Fxplora- 
t.ons  of  the  Aboriginal  Remains  of  Tennessee,  p.  66.)  ^ 


the  seemingly 
.  Joseph  Jones 
it  erected  stone 
nestion,  thinks 
-esent  on  the 
ce  among  the 
Should  these 
tors  the  ques- 

in  the  skelelons  of 
that  he  regards  as 
le  bones  in  many 
lickened,  wiih  the 
ammatory  action, 
those  of  syphilis, 
•■  soft  parts  during 
laft ;  the  bones  of 
im,  and  bones  of 
ostitis,  endostitis, 
imbrane  was  in- 
lere  thin  sections 
nd  by  the  use  of 
cancellous  tissue 
nals  and  the  in- 
ler  portions  pre- 

I  observed  also 
ibe  to  syphilis, 
tion  of  the  bone, 

chronic  inflam- 
ere  not  due  to 
by  the  fact  that 
Fhus,  when  one 
h  as  to  position 
nes  throughout, 
!  medium  of  the 
ly."    (Explora- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         105 

tion  of  identity  of  race  as  well  as  the  age  of  the  graves 
and  their  occupants,  will  require  verification  before 
the  question  can  be  considered  settled. 

Loskiel,  in  speaking  of  this  disease  among  the  In- 
dians, records  the  fact  that  when  the  Indians  joined 
the  French  against  the  English  in  i6;6,  this  disease 
was  then  first  introduced  among  them,  and  for  a  time 
they  were  very  unsuccessful  in  treatin-  it.     But  ob- 
serving the  methods  pursued  by  the  regular  surgeons 
of  the  army,  they  gradually  acquired  knowledge  so  as 
to  treat  it  with  success.     They  alleged,  said  this  au- 
thor, that  the  disease  was  introduced  by  the  white 
man,  and  had  never  been  known  among  the  Indians 
before.     H.  H.  Bancroft  states  that  among  the  Malma 
people  the  disease  in  some  of  its  forms  was  not  un- 
known to  the  aboriginals  of  America.     Captain  Jona- 
than Carver  says  he  was  aware  the  theory  was  held  in 
Europe  that  syphilis  originated  in  America,  but  says 
he  could  not  find  the  least  traces  of  it  among  the  Nau- 
dowessies,  with  whom  he  resided  so  long.    He  further 
states  that  he  had  satisfied  himself  this  disease  was 
unkn6wn  among  the  more  western  nations,  and  thinks 
that  It  did  not  have  its  origin  in  America,  but  says 
the  Indian  nations  who  had  relations  with  the  Euro- 
peans  we-e  afflicted   with  it.     Pitcher,  a  competent 
medical  authority,  in  speaking  of  this  disease  among 
the  Indians,  states  that  they  have  no  specific  for  its 
cure,  but  that  the  antagonistic  properties  of  Lode/ia 
syphUitica  makes  it  the  remedy  most  relied  upon  by 
them,  though  secondary  efifects  are  frequently  observa- 
ble after  its  use.     The  Indians  of  Utah,  Colorado,  New 
Mexico,  and  Arizona   use   a  decoction  of   different 


;;: 


M 


•  ,^ 


'  .1 


io6 


toner's  address. 


plants  and  also  the  lobelia  for  the  cure  of  syphilis 
Carver  tells  us  that  the  Indians  made  a  decoction  from" 
the  bark-  of  the  roots  of  the  prickly  ash  for  gonorrhcea 
which  m  a  short  time  effected  a  radical  curd.*  ' 

Vv^ant  of  time  prevents  my  alluding  to  other 
diseases  that  have  seriously  afflicted  the  Indians 
One  word,  however,  on  small-pox,  a  malady  that  per- 
haps has  been  the  most  destructive  with  which  they 
have  been  afflicted.  Undoubtedly  it  was  brought  bv 
the  early  explorers.  The  Indian  treatment  of  this 
disease  is  particularly  injudicious,  their  sweat  and 
plunge  bath  being  equally  obnoxious  and  leading  to 
fatal  consequences.  It  is  justly  held  that  their  igno- 
rance of  a  disease  and  want  of  success  in  treatment 
argues  its  recent  introduction. 

Humboldt,  in  his  political  essay  on  the  History  of 

New  Spain,  gave  careful  attention  to  the  question  of 

the  diseases  that  probably  diminished  the  population 

and  perhaps  destroyed  the  Toltec  race  in  Mexico  and 

morejhan^uggests,  almost  proves,  that  they  were 

*  The  professional  literature  on  this  subjecTis  very  larc7anH7.mii 
rJa  iu^'^'T'^'^  ''is.oHca.worUscan^he  consXa t    1^^: 
n  a   study   of  ,h,s  question:  Clavigero's  Histo^^  of  Mexico    Vd 

v"'  II  IV.  f '  "•  V'""""''  ^-'-"-d^Races  of  A^rl  i 
NorthCaJ        -^"f'"  Carver,  p.  259;  John  Lawson's  History  o 
North  Carol.na,  pp.  36,  39.  etc,  Joseph  Jones.  Exploration  of  AboV 
na    Remains  of  Tennessee,  pp.  66,  etc.;  G.  If.  Loskiel,  Mission  of 
Un.ted  Brethren  Among  the  Indians  of  North  America,  i.  ,08  ,,2 
Z.na  P..cher,„  Schoolcraft's  History  of  the  Indians,  Vol  IV  p     1' 
h„Br,ckel.,MD.,  Natural  Histo^  of  North  Carolina,  pp.'  3;'/ 
e.  .;  W.lham   Robertson's  History  of  America,  Vol.  II,  p^.  85  307 
Dr.  Benjam.n  Rush  Natural  History  of  Medicine  among  fhe  I  dfans' 
C  C.  Jones.  Antiquities  of  Southern  Indians,  p.  33  .  Tohn  D  HnZ/ 
Manners  and  Customs  of  Indians.  •"  """*^'* 


M 


Pe 


of  syphilis. 
:oction  from 

■  gonorrhoea, 

ird.* 

?  to  other 
lie  Indians, 
dy  that  per- 
which  they 
brought  by 
ent  of  this 
sweat  and 
'  leading  to 
their  igno- 
i  treatment 

History  of 
luestion  of 
population 
fexico,  and 
they  were 

ge  and  famjl- 
to  advantage 
Mexico,  Vol. 
i  of  America, 
I's  History  of 
on  of  Aborig- 
I,  Mission  of 
pp.108, 112; 
•IV,  p.  505; 
"a,  pp.  397, 

PP- 85.397; 
the  Indians, 
I  D.  Hunter, 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.        ,07 

related    to  yellow  fever.     Prior  to  the   white   man's 
successful  settlements  in  America,  the    Indians  had 
It  IS  believed,  greatly  diminished  in  number  aloncr  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  in  the  Southern  and  Gulf  States 

I  have  run  through  much  of  the  literature  bearing 
upon  the  history  of  the  Indians,  as  well  as  travels  and 
explorations  of  our  country,  and  made  many  extracts 
and  notes  on  the  state  of  medicine  among  them  in  the 
preparation  of  this  address,  but  which  I  have  not  been 
able  to  use  or  even  refer  to.  That  the  labor  may 
not  be  entirely  usele.ss,  I  append  as  a  note  a  list  of 
some  of  the  works  which  may  assist  those  who  desire 
to  refer  to  tlie  medicine  and  surgery  of  the  North 
American  Indians.* 

MVhen  makin,  excerpts  and  re(o^euci.\7::^;'^;ir.'c::^^^ 
mers   relating   ,0  medicine  and    medical    r.ac.i.ioners  amo  g    ^e 
North  American    Indians,  I  had  at   first  -.n  .»,„.,  u.      r         ^ 
much    less    of  publishing  the   list      t         "° 'h° "ght   of  preserving. 

after-thought,  .Lt  came'lo  L "hen  m  nT:  Te"  ^'''''T''"" 
Wl  been  removed  ^rom  .he  books  androril\t;:r,:r 

^ntV:^.^'''"''  -'  ""-''    ^-"'-    '-^^     London, 
^^Aivord,  Gem.  Benjamin.  Treatment  of  DoctorsbyOregon  Indians. 

American  Antiquarian  Society  Transactions,  p  28? 

Astrucjohn.     Treatise  on  Venereal  Disease      Lo,idon    ,7c, 

Bartram's  Travels  in  North  America,  pp.  3^5.  396,  410,  454- 


i   I' 


iq9 


toner's  address. 


I  am  persuaded  that  those  of  us  who  traversed  the 
continent  in  1871  have  been  deeply  impressed  with 

Beckett,  Will.     I'hilos.  Trans.     Vol.  XXXVII,  p.  365.       ~^^ 
Belknap's  Life  of  Gorges.     American  Biography.  Vol.  I,  p.  355 
Beltrami,   J.  C.      Pilgrimage  in  Europe  and  America.'     Vol    I 
PP-  253.404. 

Beverly,  Robert.     History  of  Virginia,  pp.  186-90. 
Bossu,  Captain.     Travels  through  Louisiana.    Vol   I    p  264 
Brickell,  John,  M.  I).      Natural    History  of    North  Carolina,  pn 
47.  294-S,  etc.  '  *^'  • 

Brinton,  Daniel  G.,  M.  D.     Myths  of  the  New  World,  p.  282  e'c 
Brown,  John  Mason.     Atlantic  Monthly,  July,  1866 
Brownell,  C.  DeWolf.    Indian  Races  of  North  and  .South  Amer- 
ica,  pp.  i;-,  504,  531. 

Carver,   Captain  Jonathan.     Travels   in    North  America,  pp  ace 
to  260.  ^^'    •" 

Catlin,  George.  History  of  North  American  Indians.  Vol  II 
PP-  25.  70.  92-  ■      ' 

Charlevoix,  F.ither.  Historical  Journal  of  Travels  in  America 
pp.  91,  225-226,  250,  265-266,  268,  270. 

Clavigero.     History  of  Mexico.     Vol.  Ill,  pp.  35,  4,5 

Coreal   Frangois.     Voyages  aux  Indes  Occidentales.   "  Vol   I  nn 

Cox,  Ross.     Adventures  on  Columbia  River,  p.  125-126 
De  Forrest,  John  W.     History  of  the  Indians  of  Connecticut,  pp 
20-21.  '  '^'^• 

Edwards,  Bryan.     History  of  the  West  Indies. 
Flint's  Indian  Wars,  p.  38. 

Folsom.  George.     Dispatches  of  Hernandez  Cortes,  p.  199 
Forster.  Observations  made  During  a  Voyage  Around  the  World, 
p.  492. 

Sm^ih "'  '^'?''      ^T  °"  '^'    '^'""*''>  °'  Chepewyan  Indians. 
Smithsonian  Report,  1866,  pp.  316,  325. 

Gookin's  Historical  Collection,  p.  8. 

Islan^r'  •^""'''  ^-  °-     ^'''"'^  °^  Kamtschatka  and  the  Ku.ibski 
islands,  pp.  92, 141.  217. 

Grossmann.  Ciptain  F.  E.     Pima    Indians  of  Arizona.      Smith- 
sonian Report.  1871,  p.  407. 


P. 


ti( 


Et 


'«4e4RS(gSBB« 


raversed  the 
pressed  with 

365. 

'"'•I.  P- ass- 
erica.      Vol.  I, 


.  p.  264. 

h  Carolina,  pp. 


•      Vol.  I,  pp. 

-126. 
innecticut,  pp. 


'.  199. 

d  the  World, 

ryan  Indians. 


the  Kuribski 
3na.      Smith- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         I09 

its  vastness.     Nor  can  we  contemplate   its  grandeur 
without  having  presented  to  the  mental  vision  con- 

Ilariot,  T.  A  Hrjefe  and  True  Report  of  the  New-fou^d-land 
of  Virginia,  1590. 

Harris,  T.  M.     Tours  in  the  Northwest. 

Harvey,  Gideon.  Venus  Unmasked.  A  more  Exact  Discovery 
of  the  Venerea!  Disease  or  French  Evil. 

Heckewelder,  John.  History  of  the  Indian  Nations,  pp.  222-^- 
8-9.  •', 

Hennepin,  Father  L.  A  New  Discovery  of  a  Vast  Country  in 
America.     Part  II,  p.  73,  etc. 

Henry,  Alex.  Travels  in  Canada  and  Indian  Territories  pn  u? 
118,122-3-4-^.148.  '"■      " 

Humboldt,  Alex.  von.  Political  Essay  on  New  Spain.  Vol  I 
pp.  117,  118;  Vol.  IV,  pp.  135-137.  ■    ' 

Hunter,  John  D.  Manners  and  Customs  of  .Several  Indian 
Tribes,  pp.  142,  350,  395,  401. 

Indians  of  Cape  Flattery.     Smithsonian   Report,  1870,  pp.  78-80. 

ul. 

Jones,  C.  C.     Antiquities   of  Southern  Indians,  pp.  28-34,  51-53, 

Jones,  Joseph,  M.  D.    Aboriginal  Remains  of  Tennessee,  pp.  66-7- 
8-9.89,98,107.  .PFw>-7 

Kane's  North  American  Indians,  p.  272. 

Lawson,  John.     History  of  North  Carolina,  pp.  26,  36-30.  2,, 

2 '3.  308,  323.  347.  3S7. 363.  365. 

Lewis  and  Clarke's  Expedition.     Vol  I,  pp.  164,  297,  416;  Vol.  II, 

Loskiel,  G.  H.     Mission  of  the  United  Brethren,  pp.  108,  117 
Lubbock,  Sir  John.    Origin  of  Civilization  and  Primitive  Condi- 
tion  of  Man. 

Lubbock,  Sir  John.     Prehistoric  Times,  p.  256. 
Massachusetts  Hist.  Collections.     Vol.  Ill,  p.  236,  etc. 
Neill's  History  of  Minnesota,  pp.  61,  68. 
New  American  Cyclopedia.    Vol.  IX,  p.  490. 
Observations  on  the  Creek  and  Cherokee  Indians.      (Trans,    of 
Ethnological  Society,  Vol.  Ill,  Part  I,  p.  45. 
Oviedo  y  Valdes,  Gonzalo  Fernandez  de. 


in 


St 


110 


toner's  address. 


v.ncmg  evidences  of  its  great  age.  as  well  as  of  the 
very  remote  antiquity  of  mm  upon  it.  VViio  can 
estimate  the  centuries  that  have  passed  since  this 
globe  has  been  in  a  conditioft  to  support  animal  life 
and  especially  man?  And  how  inconceivable  to  u.s 
^'^  .*''_^."i''''°"'  °^  ''""'■'^"  •^'-^'"gs  that    have   been 

24or24T'   '*''■   '^■"""''"'"     ^°"'"  ■''^""'^  """  ^"'^y  Mountains,  pp. 

Pitcher.  Dr.  Zina.      Schoolcraft's  History  of  Indians    of  United 

States.    PaitIV,  pp.  505-530. 

Robertson,  Wm.     History  of  America.     Vol.  H,  p  85 

Ross,  Alexander.     Adventi.res  on  Oregon  or  Columbia   River  n 

302.  ' '  • 

Rush.  Benj.      Medicine  among  the  Indians.  Medical  Observation 
and  Lnquiries.     Vol.  I.  p.  55. 

Schoolcraft,  H.  R.    History   of  Indians  United  Sl,.tes.      Vol.  I  p 

jso;  V01.11.P.6S.  Vol.  iH.  pp.  286. 497;  Vol.  IV.  pp..„..;3'; 

Vol.  V.  pp.  270.  4,5-455.  so,,  65, ,  Vol.  VI.  pp.  632.  648 
Schoolcraft.  H.  R.     Thirty  Years  among  the  Indian    Tribes,  pp. 

Servando.Dr.,M.    D.    Munroe's   Observ.-.lio„s  on    the    Different 
Kinds  of  .*>mall-pox.  p.  7. 

Sloane,  Sir  Hans.      History   of  Jamaica  and  other   West   India 
Islands. 

Smith,  Capt.  John.     Travels,  Observations,  etc.      Vol    I    do   ,2j 
124,  ,37.  •    >  H-  '-5J. 

Smithsonian  Reports.     Various. 
Stow's  Survey  of  London.     Vol.  II,  p.  7. 

Transactions  and  Collections  of  the' American  Antiquarian  Society. 
Vol.  I,  pp.  283,  406  to  412.  ' 

Webster.  Noah.      History  of  Epidemic  and   Pestilential    Diseases. 
Vol.  I,  pp.  176-7. 

White,  John.     North  American  Pioneer.     Vol.  I,  p.  39 

Wilmer.  L.     Life,  Travels,  and  Adventures  of   Hernando  de  Soto. 

Wilkes's  Exploring  Expedition.     Vol.  IV,  pp.  47-8,  368-9.  399. 
Wood    Rev.   J.  G.      Uncivilised  Races,  or    Natural    IlUto'y  „f 
Man.     Vol.  II,  pp.  610,  676,  681. 


■  ^  ^^^^aateKW^aiMtea 


»ii*vt^i>s»*it»ttiim0fim 


-•11  as  of  the 

Who  can 

I    since  this 

animal  life, 
ivable  to  u.s 

have   been 

Mountains,  pp. 
ans    of   United 

niijia  River,  p. 
al  Observation 

es.     Vol.  I,  p. 
pp.  211-213; 
548. 
n    Tribes,  pp. 

the    Different 

r  West   India 

ol.  I,  pp.  123. 


lartan  Society. 
;ial   Disea«es. 

39- 

ando  de  Soto. 

368-9,  399. 
il    History  of 


ROCKY   MOUNT.\IN   MEDICAL   A.SSOCIATION.         HI 

bom,  lived  and  died  upon  it  before  the  discovery  of 
Columbus!     All  must  grant  there  was  a  first  family. 
Race  may  have  succeeded  race  and  nation  succeeded 
unto  nation,  and  yet  have  left  few  traces  of  their  exist- 
ence.    And  although  none  of  these  people  may  have 
possessed  the  intellectual  development  and  arts  known 
to  those  of  ancient  history,  nevertheless  they  were 
human,  endowed  with  human  hearts  and  human  .sym- 
pathies, and  in  a  degree  susceptible  to  most  of  the 
joys  and  sorrows,  as  well  as    to  the  bodily  ills,  in- 
herited by  man  in  all  conditions  of  life. 

You  may  consider  the  problem  of  the  cosmogony  of 
the  universe  and  the  genesis  of  man  according  to  your 
several  predilections,  or  as  you  have  studied  the  ques- 
tion.    I  have  simply  attempted  in  a  popular  manner  to 
outline  the  subject  as  it  has  presented  itself  to  my  mind. 
As  physicians  you  can  speculate  as  to  the  possible 
origin  of  medicine  among  savage  and  uncultured  peo- 
ple.    You  can  picture  to  yourselves  a  world  of  but  a 
few  thousand  years  old  or  one  of  immense  antiquity, 
and  a  sparse  or  a  considerable  population.     That  the 
early  races  in  North  America  were  subject  to  sick- 
ness, accidents,  and  death,  is  beyond  question.     That 
human  sympathy  attempted  to  relieve  them  by  some 
means  I  believe  all  will  concede.     What   degree  of 
skill  we  .should  accord  to  these  primitive  physicians 
and  surgeons  is  uncertain.     That  efforts  were  actually 
made  by  recognized  physicians  to  the  end  of  obtain- 
ing relief  and  cure  cannot  be  doubted.     This  study  re- 
mains but  deserves  to  be  made.     The  meager  outline 
of  Indian  medical  practice  which  I  have  presented,  I 
am  conscious  falls  far  short  of  doing  justice  to  the  race. 


•      :i 


S 


112 


toner's  address. 


In    conclusion,  gentlemen,  though    I   have   many 
apologies  to  offer  for  the  manner  in  which  I    have 
treated  this  subject.  I  hope  I  need  make  but  few  for 
the  theme  of  my  remarks.     The  physician,  from  the 
duties  and  requirements  of  his  office,  is  prone  to  in- 
duction and  to  the  discovery  of  new  facts,  to  com- 
pare them  with  old  theories,  and  by  comparison  arrive 
a    correct   conclusions.     Naturally,  the  physician  is 
attracted  to  the  master-works  of  the  Creator,  of  which 
man  ,s  the  crowning  part.     Therefore,  an  investiga- 
tion  of  his  early  history  and  habits   on  this  globe 
and  particularly  those  of  the  prehistoric  man  of  our 
own  continent,  seemed  not  inappropriate  for  this  occa- 
sion.    Many  deductions  may  be  drawn  from  the  facts 
1  have  endeavored  to  present.     I  shall,  however,  make 
but   one.  which   is  connected   with   our  profession- 
Everywhere  and  in  every  age.  among  all  tribes  and 
peoples  whether  the  most  savage  or  the  most  highly 
cmlued.  may  be  traced  the  presence  of  the  physician 
He  was  ever  deemed  a  necessity,  and  his  standing 
and   mfluence  have  everywhere  been  commensurate 
with  his  high  and  honorable  office,  which  won  for  him 
in  the  Apostolic  age  the  appellation  of  the  "Beloved 
rhysician." 


■■aBSIIMgKiKiBawua 


Iiave   many 
lich  I    have 

but  few  for 
in,  from  the 
prone  to  in- 
ts,  to  com- 
rison  arrive 
physician  is 
3r,  of  which 
1  investiga- 
this  globe, 
nan  of  our 
r  this  occa- 
m  the  facts 
'ever,  make 
profession : 
tribes  and 
lost  highly 

physician, 
s  standing 
imensurate 
on  for  him 
:  "Beloved 


THE 


Rocky  Bfountain  Medical  Associatioi), 


i'liiitlMn.iHjViiim,i,n, 


HISTORY  AND  TRANSACTIONS 


oi-  riiK 


KOCKY   MOUNTAIX    MHDICAL  ASSOCIATION 


WITH    A    SVNOI-,ls    OF 


rilR   AI>I>HFSSKS    OF    IIIH    llAHI.y    IHKSIUEMS. 


This  Association  was  formed  at  Horticultural  Hall 
I'hiladclphia.  in  May,  1872.  the  earliest  practicable  mo- 
ment after  the  meeting  in  California.  It  is  composed  of 
the  medical  gentlemen  who  crossed  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains in  1 87 1  to  attend  the  meeting  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  in  San  Francisco,  and  was  organ- 
ized in  rd pcipctuam  mcmoriaiH.  Dr.  Washington  L. 
Atlec,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  President,  and  Dr. 
John  Morris,  of  Baltimore,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 
The  ladies  and  a  few  gentlemen  who  accompanied  the 
party  were  chosen  honorary  members.  It  was  then  re- 
solved to  have  an  annual  reunion  at  each  recurring 
meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  on 
which  occasion  an  address  should  be  delivered  by  the 
presiding  officer. 


SECOND  MEETING,  1873,  IN  ST.  LOUIS. 
The  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association  met  in 
the  afternoon  at  the  Masonic  Temple,  Dr.  VV.  L.  Atlee, 
of  Philadelphia,  the  President,  in  the  chair.  Dr.  John 
Morris,  Secretary,  read  the  minutes  of  the  last  meeting, 
which  were  approved.  The  President  then  delivered 
the  following  interesting  address : 

("S) 


ijf- 
if; 


ii6 


TKANSACTIONS   op    rUK 


MK,    ATLKF.'S   AODHK-SS. 

Ccntlemcn  and  hello:.. Mcmhcn  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tan,  .hmuUion:     Two  years  atjo  vvc  traversal  the 
American  continent  to  the  ^joMen  shores  of  th.-  I'aci- 
fie  m  (,rcler  to  fjrecl  our  brethren  of  the  extreme  West 
unci  to  plant  th.  standard  of  the  American  Me.lieal  As ' 
socat.on.  and  with  it  American  medicine,  beyond  the 
boundaries  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.    No  member  has 
ever  ref^^retted  that  visit,  but  on  the  contrary  we  look 
back  upon  it  with  feelintr.s  of  extreme  delight    Profes- 
sionally, it  may  be  consiilered  a  success.     New  enerLry 
was  mfused  into  the  medical  men  on  the  Parific  slope 
order  and  organization  have  arisen  out  of  disorder  and' 
contention,  and  a  spirit  of  professional  harmony  and 
good-will  now  pervades  the  whole  profession,  which 
no  {Treat  mountain  boundary  can  ever  more  impair 
On  that  occasion  the  Hast  presented  the  West  with  an 
able  presiding  officer.*  who  watched  over  our  delibera- 
.ons  at  the  Golden  Gate;  now,  our  brethren  of  the 
West  return  the  compliment  by  bringing  one  of  their 
distinguished  ment  to  occupy  the  same  position  in 
this  beautiful    central    city    of    our    great    country. 
Ihese  two  events  are  worthy  of  record,  as  bringing 
together  the  East  and  the  West,  the  North  and  the 
South-as   a  union  of  strength  in  building  up   the 
great  Temple  of  American  Medical  Science 

Growing  out  of  the  California  meeting  of  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association,  another  society  has  been 
formed^hich,  though  informal  and  as  yet  not  bound 

*  Alfred  Slill6,  M.  D.,  of  Philadelphia.~Pa.~  "~ 

tT.  M.  Logan,  M.  D.,  of  Sacramento,  Cal. 


^oc^-y  Moun- 
avcrsc'cl  the 
of  tilt;  Paci- 
trcMiiL-  West, 
Medical  As- 
beyoncl  the 
iicinbcr  lias 
»ry  we  look 
tilt.    Profcs- 
NJew  enerjjy 
ucific  .slope; 
isorcler  and 
rniony  and 
sion,  which 
ore  impair. 
^\st  with  an 
ir  delibcra- 
iren  of  the 
ne  of  their 
position  in 
:    country. 
s  bringing 
h  and  the 
ig  up   the 

the  Amer- 

has  been 

lot  bound 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN    MKr>l(;,\l.   ASSOCIATION.        II7 

by  any  written  constitution  or  laws,  is  likely  t(i  '.e  fol- 
lowed  by  the  most  ploa.saiir  results.  It  is  the  ''Rocky 
Mountain  Medical  Association,  md  compused  only,  of 
gentlemen  who  crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  that 
occasion  from  the  ICast  to  the  West  .It  ,s  intended  that 
.so  long  a.s  any  members  may  be  living  they  shall  as- 
senibl.-  annually  at  the  time  and  place  selected  for  the 
meeting  of  the  American  M-jtlical  Association,  and 
continue  to  do  so  until  Time  shall  blot  the  organiza- 
tion from  the  page  of  history. 

The  following  i.s  the  roll,  which  I  hope  may  be 
called  at  every  session: 

Altiluuiui.—].  S.  Wtntherly. 

Onneetuut.-V..  K.  Hunt;  J.  VV.  I'hel,,,;  Wm.  UWirnff;  Henry 
M.  KniKht;  Charles  \..  Ives  U.  II.  CiUlin;  Alfre.l  Norih. 

Jiiiiiiit  0/ Co/iimlii,t.—]oseyt\\  M.  Toner. 

Itlinoh.-K.  Fisher;  V.  L.  Hurlln.ti  W.  A.  Knox;  D.  L.  Crist- 
N.  S  Davis;  J.O.  Ilamil.on;  U.  VV.  HewiUj  J.  P.  Mcl.analun  ;  a! 
L.  McArihur. 

/W/„m,.-Jame,  A.  A.Irian;  M.  H.  Ilnr.ling;  J.  H.  lUh,,,  CeorKe 
Suiton;  Georjie  W.  Me.irs ;  Jas.  F.  Hibbird 

IouHu~K.  C  Roberts  ;  S.  H.  Thrall ;  J.  Williamson  ;  J.  C.  Hujjhe,. 

Co/ora,to.-},Am  lUsner;  K.  G.  Huckinyhan. ;  Corg^  R.  Dibb 

A,uisas.—l).  \V.  .Stormont. 

A-^,,/u,fy.—Jahn  D.Jackson;  T.  N.  Wise;  D.  W   Yandell 

M.rj;t.,„,/.-]ohn  Morris;  D.  A.  O'Donnell ;  Ninian  Pinkney. 

.1/,m«,/,«.,//.._George   N.    Thoinpson ;    Fphraim  Cutler;    1 1    R 
Storer ;  h.  U.  Moore.  "      ' 

J//V%„«.-Uolivar  Barnum;  Loman  S.  Stevens;  S.  H.  Douglass; 
Edviard  Kane.  *"       ' 

Mssouri.-J.  S.  Moore;  J.  B.  Johnson;  F.  C.  Castlehun;  W.  S. 
Golding. 

Amt"-'7^'''~^'  ''"'^'"  ^''"""'  '^"'"'  ^'°"'"  *'^'""'  ^"'^'^  *''"'>'' 
jVrtt;  //am/sAire— John  W.  Parsons;  J.  L.  Swett. 
iV«^  ^r^o-. -William  Elmer;  J.  S.  Crane :  D.  M.  Sayre. 
Arw  yori.-J^H.  II.  Armsby;  J.  H.  Rathbone;   T.  D.  Strong-  C 


*-'»m^tmes'».. 


n8 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   TIIK 


V.  Ikrnett;   H.   K.   IJellows;  A.  I   I  oiur  •  r   c   w     . 

Douglas.  '  "■  ^-  ^''^^°"'  E.  M.  Curtis:  George 

0/,/._A.  K.  Heighway;  Klwood  Stanley-  Geo  Mendenh.ll  n 
S.  Hrown;  Rol,.  S.  Gilchrist;  J„o.  W  Russe  1  •  t  vv  '  ,  ""  '  "• 
Thcnas;  D.  1,  Cotton  ;  W.  J.'  ^Doll,  A  .',  o  ly '  'T^,:;'"- 
land;  R.M.Denig;  Gustavus  Bruhl ;  AH  A  Jrd  H  t"  n  .  " 
A.  B.  Jones ;  O.  M.  Langdon.  ^       '  "  J'  ^^°"'»»'°<^; 

A-«„,j./tw„/„._W.  J.  Asdale;  Jas.  Ki„p.    R    n    v, 

I'olloci<;   R.S.  Sutton;  Wm.  M    Fi,  d  ey     k    H    T  '',  ""• ''• 

Zitzer ;   Jno.  Curwen ;    W.  S.  Dune  ^  T's   P  De  ,?T"""f  '  J'  J' 

Hilliard;  D.  J.  Bruner;  Geo.  A.  KinL.  m"  f  R  .        "'   ''"'"  '' 

N.  L.  Hatfield;    Washington  L.  Atlee     F  G   si^  '"Tl/  {'   ''°" ' 

«.0i..eu;  Ch.H.Tho.L;  VV..  bA.I-hS;  •'""""  ^"^'  •'^""^' 

A-/}<.,/f /r/,„„/._Geo.  L.  Collins-  I     F  r  f       • 
,r  ^      ,,  V.U111I15,  !_,.  p_  L   Garvin. 

<vrw<7«/._Henry  Janes  ;  H.  1).  Holton 

IK«/    ^v>f"»V^.-Robert  H.  Cummins;    E.  A    Il.ldreth  ■    P    „ 
Moore;  Jno.  Frissell.  '"Iclreth  ;    E.   II 

msconsm.—J.  K.  Bartlett ;  D.  Mason. 

In  this  roll-call  of  123  names  of  members  of  the 
Rocky  Med.cal  Mountain  Association,"  norespo  e 
^made  to  that  of  Robert  H.  Cummins  of  Wh  eli  . 
West  V,rg,n,a.  On  our  trip  to  and  through  Caiifo  n.! 
aU  who  remember  how  he  won  our  a  Jtions  ^  s' 
gentleness,  h,s  genial  and  unassuming  n.anner  an^ 
dehgh ted  ..  witi,  his  rare  intelligence^iH  grieve  0 

as  biographies  of  all  our  nun^er^"  earT  l^^^^^^^^ 
JcaUrder  „.  another  part  of  this  volume,  it  is  omitted 

ris'lVtr""""  "'  ""'■  ^"^^'^  ^^^--.  Dr.  Mor- 
rniuailvtr";^^"'  ^'^**^^  ^-->-t-n  -eet 
Medic  r  As  or-  T  °^^^--t-g  of  the  American 
Medical  Assocaton,  and  that  a  dinner  and  oration 


'•■t^imfsmtim 


fBf;»|-- 


Vinston;  Sam'l  G. 
M.  Curtis  :  George 

).  Meiidenhall ;  li. 
W.  Shively ;  Will. 
>vey ;  J.  A.  McFar- 
i;H.  J.  Donahoe; 

'i.  Mo  wry;  A.  M. 

Townsend  ;  J.  j. 

Hriiler;  John  K. 
Iiinson  ;  J.  Ross  ; 
li;  Alfred  Stille; 


Tildreth  ;    E.   II 

mbers  of  the 
no  response 
of  Wheel insr, 
gh  California, 
ctions  by  his 
manner,  and 
■vill  grieve  to 
th  the  dead, 
h  of  the  Hfc 
imniins:  but 
in  alphabet- 
it  is  omitted 

ss,  Dr.  Mor- 
ciation  meet 
le  American 
md  oration 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  i,y 

form  part  of  the  proceedings  of  each  meetin-  Dr 
Moms  was  authorized  to  make  arrangements  for  such 
dinner.  The  Secretary  was  also  directed  to  have  cards 
of  membership  prepared.  Cards  of  honorary  member- 
ship for  the  ladies  who  accompanied  members  on  the 
journey  to  the  Pacific  were  also  ordered  to  be  printed 
and  delivered  to  those  entitled  to  them. 

Dr  B.  H.  Catlin.  of  Connecticut,  was  then  elected 
ProsKlent,  and  Dr.  John  Morris  re-elected  Secretary 
and  Treasurer.  The  meeting  then  adjourned  to  meet 
in  Detroit  m  1874. 


THIRD  MEETING,  1874,  IN  DETROIT 
The  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association  held  its 
annual  meeting  in  the    large  parlor  of  the  Russell 

House,  on  Wednesday  evening,  the  3d  of  May     The 
chair  was  occupied  by  the  President,  Dr.  Catlin    of 
Connecticut.     The  proceedings  of  the  last  meeting 
held  in  St.  Louis,  were  read  by  the  Secretary,  Dr.  John 
Morns,  of  Baltimore,  and  approved.     The  President 

hen  delivered  the  annual  address,  which  was  listened 
to  with  marked  attention. 

DR.    CATLIN's   address. 

Ladies  affd  Gentlemen  .—Som^  time  during  the  ses- 
sion of  the  American  Medical  Association  at  Philadel- 
phia, ,n  I872,a  number  of  the  delegates  who  attended 
the  meeting  in  San  Francisco  the  year  previous  met 
and  formed  the  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association 
The  pleasure  of  attending  this  preliminary  meeting  was 
not  accorded  me.  though  I  was  in  the  city  at  the  time 
The  next  anniversary  of  this  Association  was  held  in 
St.  Louis,  where  we  had  the  pleasure  of  listening  to  an 


.•  li 


.j.i  • 


120 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   THE 


excel  ent  address  from  our  worthy  President.  Dr  W 
L.  Atlee.  of  Philadelphia.     The  number  present  bein. 
«imill,  ,t  was  decided  to  make  an  effort  to  create  more 
interest  >n  our  annual  meetings.     Our  Secretary  was 
requested  to  make  provision  for  a  dinner,  to  issue 
cards  of  mv.tation  to  the  members,  their  wives  and 
daughters,  const.tuting  the  latter  honorarv  members 
VVe  congratulate  you  upon  the  success  of  the  effort' 
and  we  welcome  you  most  cordially  to  this  festive 
board.    Accordmg  to  the  custom  of  the  inhabitants  of 
many  nations,  hospitality  is  never  complete  till  host 
and  hostess  have  sat  down  at  the  same  table  and  eaten 
their  bread  together. 

One  object  of  the  American  Medical  Association  is 
to  promote  social  intercourse  between  the  members  of 
the  medical  profession  residing  in  the  various  parts  of 
our  Wide-extended  country.     This,  though  a  subordi- 
nate motive,  ,s  one  of  considerable  importance,  and  it 
has  proved  in  some  measure  successful;  but  the  time 
appropriated  to  this  purpose  at  each  meeting  of  our 
Association  has  been  so  extremely  limited  that  those 
who  only  occasionally  attend  derive  little  pleasure  or 
improvement  from  this  source.     Those  who  attend 
every  year  greatly  extend  their  acquaintance  with  the 
members  of  the  profession,  and  are  much  profited  by 
the  social  intercourse  thus  enjoyed. 

You  will  not  expect  me  on  this  interesting  occasion 
to  give  you  a  scientific  address,  or  one  relating  to  the 
practical  part  of  our  profession.   You  would  doubtless 

desire  somethmgwitty and  humorous.asbetteradapted 
to  a  social  and  friendly  gathering.  Unfortunately,  your 
President  has  neither  wit  nor  humor.   The  only  reason 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    !.EDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


121 


dent,  Dr.  W. 
iresent  being 
create  more 
:cretary  was 
ler,  to  issue 
r  wives  and 
TV  members, 
jf  the  effort, 
I  this  festive 
nhabitants  of 
lete  till  host 
ble  and  eaten 

issociation  is 
;  members  of 
ious  parts  of 
jh  a  subordi- 

tance,  and  it 
but  the  time 
eting  of  our 

1  that  those 
pleasure  or 

who  attend 

ace  with  the 
profited  by 

ng  occasion 
ating  to  the 
Id  doubtless 
[tter  adapted 
lnately,your 
lonly  reason 


(as  he  understood)  given  for  his  selection  to  this  honor- 
able position  was  that  he  was  the  oldest  of  those  who 
crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  attend  the  meeting 
in  San  Francisco.  Age  is  honorable  (or  should  be), 
but  it  is  not  promotive  of  wit  or  humor.  You  will 
have,  then,  at  this  time,  to  listen  to  a  few  plain  remarks 
from  a  plain,  matter-of-fact  man,  and  select  for  your 
next  President  one  who  is  better  qualified  to  address 
you  on  an  occasion  like  the  present. 

It  is  perfectly  apparent  to  all  my  medical  brethren 
that  the  daily  life  and  pursuits  of  an  active  practitioner 
of  medicine  and  surgery  afford  few  opportunities  for 
social  enjoyment  or  for  the  cultivation  of  his  conversa- 
tional powers.  A  physician  who  makes  from  fifteen 
to  thirty  or  sixty  visits  a  day  has  barely  time  to  ask  a 
few  questions  necessary  for  the  investigation  of  his 
cases,  and  give  directions  for  their  treatment.  He  has 
hardly  time  to  pass  the  compliments  of  the  day,  much 
less  to  enter  into  conversation  upon  the  passing  events 
of  the  period.  Even  those  of  us  who  have  a  less  num- 
ber of  patients  have  little  time  for  any  object  except 
the  bare  routine  of  our  daily  toil.  We  have  abundant 
opportunities  for  the  exercise  of  our  sympathies,  but 
little  for  the  cultivation  of  those  talents  that  would 
make  us  ornaments  and  leaders  in  society.  We  have 
occasionally  heard  of  some  and  known  other  physi- 
cians who  were  eminent  for  their  wit  and  ability  to 
entertain  an  audience  by  their  interesting  conversa- 
tions. Dr.  Jared  Potter,  who  lived  six  miles  from  my 
present  residence,  and  practised  medicine  and  surgery 
in  Wallingford  (Meriden  then  being  a  part  of  the  same 
town)  from  1772  till  his  death  in  1810,  was  very  emi- 


:.i 


Ji' 


122 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   THE 


nent  for  his  extensive  reading  and  great  conversational 
powers.     He  was  in  his  day  the  most  illustrious  phy- 
sician and  surgeon  in  Connecticut,  and  had  an  exten- 
sive consultation  practice.     For  many  years  he  kept  a 
medical  school,  in  which  several  of  the  mo.st  eminent 
physicians  of  Connecticut  were  educated.    Dr.  Lemuel 
Hopkins,  who  settled  in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  and 
became  the  most  able  practitioner  in  his  county  and 
State,  was  his  first  pupil.    He  was  (.says  his  biographer) 
"a  star  of  the  first  magnitude  in  the  constellation  of 
poets  and  political    writers  who  were  distinguished 
about  the  time  of  the  Revolution  and  after  that  event. 
He  was  associated  with  Governor  John  Trumbull,  Joel 
Barlow,  Gen.   David    Humphrey,  and  other    distin- 
guished men  of  Connecticut,  and  out  of  the  State  they 
were  generally  known  by  the  appellation  of  the  Hart- 
ford wits."    One  of  the  poems  of  Dr.  Hopkins  was  "An 
elegy  on  the  victim  of  a  cancer  quack,"  which,  as  it  is 
a  brief  article,  I  will  take  the  liberty  to  read.     (The 
poem  was  recited  with  effect,  but  it  is  omitted  in  this 
publication  as  it  may  be  readily  seen  in  a  volume  en- 
titled "American  Poems."     Dr.  Catlin  continued :) 

The  late  Professor  William  Tully,  who  died  a  few 
years  since  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  was  distinguished 
for  his  conversational  powers.  The  speaker  has  lis- 
tened to  him  on  many  occasions  for  hours  with  great 
pleasure  and  profit.  He  was  a  very  learned  man,  but 
like  some  others  of  our  profession  his  practice  was  not 
extensive. 

These  old  doctors  took  life  more  quietly  than  those 
of  the  present  day.  One  of  my  predecessors,  and  for 
a  few  years  a  contemporary,  the  late  Dr.  Hough,  of 


■'MRSiS*SK!IWSS5S!WWS* 


iivcrsational 
itrious  phy- 
id  an  exton- 
rs  he  kept  a 
ost  eminent 
Dr.  Lemuel 
ecticut,  and 
county  and 
biographer) 
istellation  of 
listinguished 
r  that  event, 
umbull,  Joel 
ther    distin- 
le  State  they 
of  the  Hart- 
:ins  was  "An 
hich,  as  it  is 
read.     (The 
litted  in  this 
,  volume  en- 
itinued :) 
>  died  a  few 
istinguished 
ker  has  lis- 
s  with  great 
ed  man,  but 
tice  was  not 

than  those 

|ors,  and  for 

Hough,  of 


KOCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


123 


Mcriden,  related  many  amusing  facts  about  these  old 
doctors,  with  whofn  he  was  well  acquinted.  He  said 
that  Dr.  Potter  and  Dr.  Anderson,  of  Wallingford, 
when  called  to  visit  a  patient  in  an  adjoining  town, 
only  six  miles  di.stant,  never  thought  of  returning  the 
same  day.  They  not  only  had  long  consultations  with 
the  attending  physician,  Dr.  Andrew  Sheving,  but  en- 
tered into  extended  conversation  with  the  friends  of 
the  sick. 

The  few  brief  opportunities  for  social  enjoyment  we 
have  had  at  the  annual  meetings  of  our  Medical  Asso- 
ciation have  been  deficient  in  one  important  element 
— few  of  our  wives  and  daughters  have  been  present. 
Medical  men  differ  in  regard  to  the  propriety  of  ad- 
mitting women  to  an  active  participation  in  our  con- 
ventions, and  many  of  us  have  had  serious  doubts  of 
their  being  constitutionally  and  mentally  adapted  to 
the  study  and  general  practice  of  medicine  and 
surgery.  If  they  are  thoroughly  educated  in  the 
profession,  they  may  be  eminently  useful  in  the  prac- 
tice of  some  special  diseases  of  their  own  sex.  What- 
ever may  be  our  individual  views  on  these  points,  all 
will  most  cheerfully  welcome  them  on  all  social  occa- 
sions like  the  present.  We  believe  that  the  prevailing 
custom  of  organizing  clubs  or  societies  composed 
only  of  men  is  pernicions  in  its  influence.  They  take 
men  from  their  families  at  times  when  they  should  be 
with  them,  and  their  tendency  is  to  barbarism.  Small 
societies  or  circles  composed  of  both  sexes,  similar  to 
those  that  have  been  held  in  Boston,  for  conversation, 
discussion  and  improvement,  would  be  altogether 
more  profitable.     Woman,  by  the  quickness  of  her 


\i'' 


n| 


i\i^ 


ii 


u;^ 


124 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   THE 


apprehension  and  the  brilliancy  of  her  intellect,  is 
eminently  qualified  to  be  a  leader  in  conversational 
and  intellectual  unions. 

According  to  the  records,  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
three  delegates  (not  counting  seven  members  of  the 
army   and   navy   whose    residences   arc    not   given) 
crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  attend  the  meeting 
in  San  Francisco.     Of  these,  as  far  as  we  are  informed, 
only  one  has  died,  Dr.  Cummins,  of  West  Virginia,  an 
obituary  notice  of  whom  was  read  to  us  last  year  by 
our  President.     Our  journey,  my  dear  friends,  over 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  was  an  important  event  in  our 
lives,  the  remembrance  of  which  is  a  constant  source 
of  enjoyment,  and  will  continue  to  be  such  while  life 
and  memory  last.     The  great  length  of  our  journey, 
extending  across  the  continent,  even  if  it  had  been  a 
monotonous  one,  would  have  interested  us;  but  those 
vast  plains  extending  west  from  the  Missouri  river, 
apparently  so  level,  yet  ascending  so  that  at  Sherman 
we  reached  the  height  of  8,240  feet  above  the  ocean ; 
the  snow-capped  mountains;  the  situation  and  peculiar 
civilization  of  Salt  Lake  City;  and  more  than  these, 
the  wild  and  romantic  Sierra  Nevada,  the  rocky  canon, 
the  de.sert  of  the  great  western  slope  of  our  continent, 
the   view  of  the  eastern   shore   of  the  vast  Pacific 
Ocean,  the  cities  and  towns  of  this,  to  us,  new  and 
strange  part  of  our  country,  were  each  extremely  in- 
teresting to  us.      Even  those  dreary  alkaline  deserts 
had  their  lessons.     Those  journeys  to  the  Big  Trees, 
the  famous  Yosemite,  and  other  places  of  interest, 
gave  us  great  pleasure  at  tiie  time,  and  a  life-long  re- 
membrance of  them  will  be  a  constant  source  of  en- 


'■"ymmr.swri^'r^' 


intellect,  is 
•nvcrsational 

and  twenty- 
nbcrs  of  tlic 

not  given) 
the  meeting 
re  informed, 
Virginia,  an 
last  year  by 
riends,  over 
:vent  in  our 
stant  source 
h  while  life 
•ur  journey, 
had  been  a 
■>;  but  those 
isouri  river, 
at  Sherman 

the  ocean ; 
md  peculiar 
than  these, 
)cky  canon, 
r  continent, 
'ast  Pacific 
s,  new  and 
tremely  in- 
ine  deserts 

Big  Trees, 
of  interest, 
ife-long  re- 
tiree of  en- 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  125 

joyinent   lo  all  those  who  were  so  fortunate  as  to 
participate  in  them.     Those  who  went  in  parties  had 
rare  opportunities  for  forming  new  acquaintances,  for 
social  intercourse  and  the  study  of  character.     The 
traits  of  character  which  we  observed  in  different  indi- 
viduals are  still  fresh  in  our  memories.     Those  of  our 
party  will  remember  that  evening  ride  from  Hutchins' 
to  Hodson's ;  that  cheery  inquiry  that  passed  along 
the  line:  "How  is  my  lady  love?"  the  bridal  cham- 
ber and  the  magnificent  entertainment  at  Hodson's ; 
the  legend  of  Old   Culver,  who.  stepping   into   the 
river,  was  carried  by  the  force  of  the  current  down  the 
stream,  and  was  shot  out  a  rod  or  two  from  the  end 
of  the  water-spout.     Who  does  not  remember  Rob, 
with  his  umbrella,  and  the  eccentric  widow  that  ac- 
companied him  ?      Our  observations  were,  of  course, 
limited  to  a  few  localities  and  our  traveling  parties.' 
If  those  of  us  who  are  present  on  this  interesting  oc- 
casion could  take  palace  cars,  go  over  our  journey 
in   company,  visiting  all   places  of  interest,  what  a 
splendid  opportunity  we  should   have  for  the  study 
of  character  and  for  the  cultivation  of  our  social  and 
conversational  talent !     But  as  this  cannot  be,  let  us 
improve  the  opportunity  these  yearly  gatherings  af- 
ford us  in  living  over  the  experiences  that  were  so 
conducive  to  our  happiness  at  that  time. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  address,  on  motion  of  Dr. 
Atlee,  of  Philadelphia,  a  vote  of  thanks  was  unani- 
mously tendered  to  the  President  for  his  entertaining 
address. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Bartlett,  of  Milwaukee,  the  Sec- 
retary was  requested  to  make  arrangements  through 


4> 


126 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   THE 


Dr.  Yanilcll  for   a  dinner  at   the  next   meeting,  in 
Louisville,  in  1875. 

Dr.  G.  W.  Mears,  of  Indiana,  wa.s  then  elected  Pre.s- 
ident,  and  Dr.  John  Morris,  of  Baltimore,  re-elected 
Secretary  and  Treasurer. 


FOURTH  MKE'riNC,  1875,  LOUISVILLE,  KY. 
The  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  A.ssociation  met  in 
the  lar^je  parlor  at  the  Gait  House,  Wedne.sday  even- 
ing, May  5th,  1875,  and  was  called  to  order  by  the 
President,  Dr.  Mears,  of  Indiana.  Proceedings  of  the 
last  meeting  were  read  by  Dr.  Morris,  the  Secretary. 
The  President  then  delivered  the  annual  address. 

DR.  MEARS'    ADDRlvS.S. 

It  is  a  sad  thought,  ladies  and   gentlemen  of  the 
A.ssociation,  that  we  must  again  this  year  mar  the 
festivity  of  the  occasion  by  allusion  to  the  inroads 
which  death  is  making  upon  our  small  band ;  never- 
theless it  seems  proper  that  the  archives  of  the  Society 
should  be  supplied  with  suitable  memorials  from  year 
to  year,  of  those  missing  members  who  participated 
in  that  remakablc  excursion  across  the  continent,  the 
anniversary  of  which  we  are  here  to  celebrate.     It  is 
a  trite  remark  that  death  is  "  no  respecter  of  persons." 
Assuredly,  in  his  dealings  with  the  Rocky  Mountain 
Medical  Association  during  the  past  year,  the  adage 
has  been  fully  verified,  since  three  of  our  esteemed 
members  have  been  selected  to  swell  the  obituary  list. 
The  first  of  these  was  the  late  Professor  George 
Mendenhall,  M.  D.,  of  Cincinnati ;  the  second,  the  late 
Professor  James  P.  De  Bruler,  of  Evansville,  Indiana- 
the   third,  Dr.  D.  A.  O'Donnell,  of  Baltimore,  Md' 


meeting,  ill 

elected  Pres- 
e,  rc-electcd 


LE,  KY. 
tion  met  in 
esday  even- 
der  by  the 
dings  of  the 
J  Secretary, 
ddress. 

nen  of  the 
ir  mar  the 
he  inroads 
nd ;  never- 
the  Society 
I  from  year 
(articipated 
itinent,  the 
ate.  It  is 
f  persons." 

Mountain 
the  adage 

esteemed 
ituary  list. 
)r  George 
id,  the  late 
;,  Indiana; 
iiore,  Md. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  12/ 

(Dr.  Mears  read  carefully-prepared  sketches  of  the 
lives  of  these  three  physicians,  but  they  are  omitted 
here  for  the  reason  that  they  appear  in  another  part 
of  this  volume.) 

Assuming  the  ground,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  that 
the  object  of  the  present  meeting  is  more  a  social  than 
a  professional  reunion,  designed  chiefly  to  promote 
and  maintain  pleasant  persona!  relations  rather  than 
scientific  objects,  it  occurs  to  me  as  more  germane  to 
the  purposes  of  the  Association  that  we  should,  for 
the  time  being  at  least,  ignore  all  odor  of  the  shop, 
and  devote  a  few  moments  to  some  reminiscences  of 
our  memorable  expedition  to  California. 

There  is,  as  judged  from  my  standpoint,  no  feature 
in  the  ever  varied  and  attractive  scenery  of  our  coun- 
try, whether  natural  or  artificial,  which  so  much  chal- 
lenges the  wonder  and  admiration  of  the  western  trav- 
eler, as  that  element  of  which  no  language  expresses 
an  adequate  idea  but  the  term  magnitnde.  It  appears 
to  characterize  all  classes  of  objects,  and  seems  singu- 
larly cumulative  in  development  as  we  proceed  west- 
ward. As  a  starting  point  we  may  take  the  Alleghany 
Mountains  in  their  rugged  height,  precipitous  defiles 
and  deep  gorges,  as  a  very  creditable  illustration  of 
our  position.  Passing  hence  over  the  great  Valley  of 
the  Ohio,  no  less  distinguished  for  the  variety  and 
beauty  of  its  landscape  than  for  its  vast  extent,  we 
reach  Chicago,  which  stands  as  a  monument  of  man's 
successful  effort  to  produce  everything  connected  with 
it  on  the  largest  possible  scale.  Its  railroad  system, 
its  water  works,  its  system  of  sewerage,  its  parks,  its 
drives,  its  hotels,  its  public  buildings,  its  elevators,  its 


i 


128 


X K A NS ACTIONS   OF   THE 


k'ra.n  trade   its  lumber  business,  surely  all  these  are 

cvK  ences  of  n.agnitucle.     I  fere  too  we  find  ourselvc! 

at  tl,e  very  door  of  the  "Grand  I'rairie."  appropriately 

-mod  as  designating  its  ahnostlinmlessdini:;^: 

bv    s  tu^  r,^'^'""^"-;''  '''^'  Mississippi,  which,  joined 
by  .ts  turb.d  affluent,  winds  its  wide,  deep  and  tortuous 

Waters,    by  which  ,t  .s  ordinarily  distinguished,  quite 
sumcently  characterizes  its  claims  to  a'place  iiX 
category.     West  of  and  near  to  the  Missouri  River 
tlie  longest  stream  in  the  world,  we  enter  upon  that' 
vast  expanse  of  territory  recognized  as  "The  Plains  " 
which,  in  their  extent  and  solitary  grandeur,  a,,  with- 
out a  rival,  unless,  peradventurc.  it  may  be  fa.nd  in 
Uiose  and.  illimitable  and  desolate  steppes  of  Russia. 
Weaned   with    the   sameness  of  these    uninteresting 
wastes,  the  traveler  finds  the  long-looked-for  relief  by 
d.scovenng  in  the  dim.  distant  horizon  some  peaks  of 

o'u d  °i  ''"V  '"  ^"^^  ^'^  P^'"*^^  «««'««t  the 
Clouds.  Anon  climbing  unconsciously,  albeit  ascend- 
ng  constantly  and  positively,  the  iron  horse,  "defying 
the  mountain's  deep  decline,"  u.,es  us  aloft  untiLe 
find  ourselves  perched  upon  the  summit  of  that  marvel 
of  picturesque  grandeur,the  Rocky  Mountain.s.  There 
m  their  rugged  wildness.  cavernous  depths,  barren 

bount?"'        T""^  """'^'^^  peaks,  nature  in  its 
bounty  seems  to  have  created  on  the  very  largest  pos- 
sible scale-a  scale,  indeed,  of  surpassing  magnitude. 
If  I  have  seemed  in  the  least  degree  to  exaggerate 

^rlrrV  °'  *'^  '''"'''''  '■"  q-stion  in  my 
gravels  thus  far  what  may  be  said  of  a  truthful  picture 
of  Cahfornia-beautiful.  luxuriant  California !     Here 


m 


I  these  arc 
I  ourselves 
|)roj)riately 
limensions. 
licli,  joined 
It!  tortuous 
Father  of 
shed,  quite 
ice  in  this 
)uri  River, 
upon  that 
lie  Plains," 
■, aic  with- 
;  f'».md  in 
of  Russia, 
interesting 
r  relief  by 
i  peaks  of 
gainst  the 
ascend- 
"defying 
until  we 
at  marvel 
There 
barren 
ure  in  its 
:est  pos- 
agnitude. 
:aggerate 
in  my 
picture 
Here 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


I  29 


uc  find  a  land  which  .spreads  out  its  inconi[Kirab!e 
l.indscape  from  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Sierra  moun- 
tains on  the  cast,  to  the  largest,  deepest,  and  grandest 
of  oceans,  oh  the  west ;  and  which  produces  every- 
thing in  nature,  from  the  strawberry  to  its  famous  big 
trees,  from  the  dark  and  deep  cafions  of  its  coa.st, 
ranges  to  the  renowned  Yoscmite  Valley,  of  the  most 
^'igantic  pattern.  Keeling  myself  wholly  inadecjuate 
to  the  task  of  a  faithtul  portraiture  of  such  a  country, 
I  propo.se,  in  conclusion,  to  leave  to  other  writers, 
who  doubtless  receive  their  inspirations  from  tho.se 
marvelous  surroundings,  to  tell  the  .story  of  its  great- 
ness; albeit  a  few  grains  of  allowance  should  occasion- 
ally be  made  in  accepting  even  their  descriptions,  as 
due  probably  to  poetic  license.  It  will  certainly,  for 
instance,  require  the  experience  of  one's  having  been 
treated  to  a  coach-and-six  drive  over  those  gentle  de- 
clivitie.'!,  down  which  i'»  route  to  the  Gey.sers  poor  Mr. 
Greeley  was  so  unmercifully  jolted  a  few  years  since, 
to  appreciate  fully  the  following  story  of  Bret  Harte's. 

(The  amusing  poem  of  the  "  Stage  Drive"  was  well 
rendered  by  Dr.  Mears.  It  may  be  seen  in  the  work 
of  the  poet  referred  to  and  is,  therefore,  omitted  here.) 

At  the  conclusion  of  Dr.  Mears'  address,  a  vote  of 
thanks  was  tendered  him  by  the  Association.  Dr.  B. 
Gillett,  of  Franklin,  Pennsylvania,  was  elected  Presi- 
dent, and  Dr.  John  Morris  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 
The  following  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted : 

Resolvtd,  That  this  As.sociation  learns  with  profound  regret  of  the 
illness  of  our  friend  and  fellow-member,  Dr.  John  D.  Jackson,  of 
Danville,  Kentucky,  a  gentleman  who  has  endeared  himself  to  us  by 
his  gentleness,  refinement  and  culture;  and  we  beg  leave  to  tender 
liim  our  earnest  sympathy  in  his  sufTerings,  and  our  sincere  wishes  for 
his  speedy  recovery. 


..J 


tjo 


TRANflACTrONS   OK   Till'. 


JTT"''  1^^\  ""  ^'"""'^  '"  '""'"'''•''  '»  '""mit  to  Dr.  J.ck. 
son  a  copy  of  thii  resolution.  ^     * 

The  Association  then  .uljoumcd  to  meet  in  Phfla 
'lelphia.  June  7th,  1876. 

J<>HN  MoKKi.s,  Starfary. 

HITII  MK|.:riNf;r.876,VHII,.\I)KI,l»inA. 

The  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association  n.ct  at 
No.  ,400  Pine  St..  Philadelphia.  June  9th.  1876.  the 
President.  Dr.  Gilk-tt.  in  the  chair.  ^    *      ^  ' 

In  the  absence  (  f  the  rcRular  Secretary,  Dr  L  S 
Stevens,  of  Three  Rivers.  Michigan,  was  appointed  io 
act  in  his  place. 

After  the  reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  last  meet- 
ing, the  President  delivered  the  annual  address. 

IlK.  (ill.I.KTTS   ADDKKSS. 

Ge,i//,„u,i  Of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Associa- 
A^//.— Ihe  annual  reunion  of  our  unique  Society 
again  occurs.  Its  aspect  being  mainly  .social  and 
reminiscent,  we  meet  to  review  the  pleasant  remem- 
brances and  friendships  originating  in  an  overland 
journey  of  several  thou.sand  miles,  through  the  vast 
area  owned  and  occu,,ied  as  our  common  country  to 
plant  the  standard  of  American  medical  science  and 
vvave  It  with  all  the  prestige  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  on  the  spot  where  the  flag  of  our  country 
"opens  to  sunset  the  gateway  of  gold." 

"  Hall !  land  of  the  mountain  and  land  of  the  lake. 
Whose  streams  ever  roll  with  magnificent  tide  ; 
Where  the  souls  of  her  herois  from  slumber  awake, 
And  hallow  the  soil  for  whose  freedom  they  died." 

This  Centennial  occasion  may  justify  recurrence  to 
youthful  enthusiasm.   Our  devotion  to  a  noble  profes- 


H 


mit  lo  Dr.  Jack- 

Jet  in  Phila 

Sfarfiiry. 

PHIA. 

ition  nic-t  at 
li,  i«;6,  the 

y.  Dr.  I..  S. 
ippointcci  to 

last  niect- 
Ircss. 

vi/  Associa- 
uc  Society 
social  and 
mt  remem- 
II  overland 
h  the  vast 
country,  to 
cience,  and 
an  Medical 
ur  country 


ke, 
ed." 

urrcnce  to 
ble  profes- 


KOCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.        I3I 

sion  needs  no  apolotjies,  save  as  wc  Ciij  to  come  up  to 
a  pr<)|)er  comprehension  of  its  almost  inconceivable 
ma^'nitiidc.   Our  Association  from  its  very  nature  and 
cli.iracter  admit    not  of  increase.     The  march  of  time 
in  its  inevitable  order  makes  our  decrease  absolutely 
certain.     We  look  around  with  eyes  of  ea{,'er  recogni- 
tion;  and  while  we  ^'ratefully   rest  on   the  familiar 
countenance;  of  esteemeil  and  cherished  friends  in  our 
Association,  yet  wc  sorrowfully  look  with  lin^jeriny 
KMze  on  the  vacant  places  of  those  well  l:nown  and 
loved  among  us  who  have  laid  off  their  well-burnis'ied 
armor,  never  tarnished  by  a  dishonorable  stain,  and 
leaving  us  in  sorrow  behind,  have  triumphantly  passed 
over  and  joined  the  throng  of  the  immortals.     It  be- 
comes my  painful  duty  to  add  the  names  of  Dr.  Wni. 
Thomas,  Hellefontaine,  Ohio;  Dr.  ICilward  Kane.  De- 
troit, Michigan;  Dr.  K.  M.  Curtts,  Oneida,  New  York; 
Dr.  J.  D.  Jackson,  Danville,  Kentucky;  Prof.  Armsby,' 
Albany,  New  York,  and  Drs.  Ames  and  Hill  of  Min- 
neapolis, Minnesota,  to  the  list  of  vacancies  in  our 
ranks  during  the  past  year,  which   unavoidably  stir 
our  tenderest  sensibilities,  who  have  passed  on  before 
us  to  their  well-earned   rest.      They  are   not  to  be 
mourned  over  as  those  without  hope.   They  have  been 
gathered  home  to  the  bosom  of  God.each  "as a. shock 
of  corn  in  its  season  fully  ripe."    Peace  to  their  ashes: 
their  memory  is  green.    May  we  each  in  his  season  be 
worthy  to  join  them,  with  our  individual  escutcheon 
as  untarnished  as  theirs.     In  the  list  of  vacancies  we 
may  be  permitted  to  mention  more  particularly  the 
name  of  Dr.  Cummins. of  Wheeling,  W.Va..  who  has  in 
his  manly  prime  and  usefulness  met  the  summons  and 


!     '! 


13: 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   THE 


i 


passed  over.     The  only  wonder  is  tliat  more  of  us  do 
not  pass  sooner  those  portals  whence  none  return 
There  ,s  no  profession  on  this  planet  which  exacts  of 
its  members  so  high  a  standard  of  qualification  and 
self-abnegation  as  does  ours.     Though  other  profes- 
s.ons  have  their  times  of  rest  and  relaxation,  ours 
never  has.     We  are  liable  at  any  moment,  night  or 
day.  to  be  called  upon  for  the  highest  and  best  exercise 
of  our  skill  and  scientific  knowledge.    Is  it  any  wonder 
hat  our  brightest,  most  sensitive,  and  most  enthusias- 
tic spirits  so  soon  wear  out  and  burn  out  in  this  ever- 
lasting draft  on  our  vital  capabilities?    The  premature 
decease  of  Dr.  Cummins  will  long  be  mourned  by 
those  of  us  who  had  the  privilege  of  knowing  him  per- 
sonally and  thus  learning  his  worth,  and  also  by  those 
who  only  knowing  him  by  his  general  repute, yet  have 
the  honor  and  progress  of  the  profe.ssion  at  heart     He 
was  an  ornament  to  our  ranks;  and  if  length  of  years 
had  been  added,  would  without  doubt  have  proved  a 
shming  light  among  us. 

But  while  we  truly  mourn  the  departed  from  our 
thinning  numbers,  it  must  not  deprive  us  of  the  pleas- 
ure and  pnde  we  may  justly  feel  in  the  personal  and 
professional  association  with  us  of  those  honorable 
niembers  whose  skill  and  success  in  ovarian,  rhino- 
plastic  and  general  operative  surgery  have  given  them 
a  world-wide  reputation,  and  made  them  the  peers  of 
he  most  noted  of  earth's  surgeons;  and  in  the  scien- 
tific and  skillful  grappling  with  disease  in  all  the  pro- 
tean forms  in  which  it  assails  humanity. we  do  not  feel 
like  lowering  the  standard  of  this  Association  before 
the  proudest  claims  that  can  be  set  up  by  the  older 


■  ^  T  "i'  :^,£&!ii^'Sf^-if^QSSf 


nore  of  us  do 
none  return, 
lich  exacts  of 
ilification  and 
other  profes- 
axation,  ours 
lent,  night  or 
best  exercise 
it  any  wonder 
)st  enthusias- 
:  in  this  ever- 
lie  premature 
mourned  by 
'ing  him  per- 
also  by  those 
>ute,yet  have 
it  heart.    He 
igth  of  years 
ve  proved  a 

;d  from  our 
of  the  pleas- 
ersonal  and 
■  honorable 
irian,  rhino- 
given  them 
he  peers  of 
1  the  scien- 
all  the  pro- 
do  not  feel 
tion  before 
r  the  older 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


!33 


civilizations  and  science  of  the  Old  World.  We  do 
not  wish,  or  intend,  any  disparagement  to  the  oldei 
organizations,  on  either  continent.  We  simply  wish 
to  express  the  feeling  that  we  have  the  material  and 
.'ijjirit  to  equal  their  highest  advance  in  medical  science 
and  skill;  and  we  hope  we  may  be  permitted  to  say 
without  undue  boasting,  that  let  the  rest  of  the  scien- 
tific medical  world  mount  as  high  as  they  may,  we  have 
the  ambition  to  try  to  carry  our  standard  to  still  grander 
heights,  and  then  we  will  depute  our  youngest,  bright- 
est and  bravest  spirits  to  write  on  its  lofty  folds — 
Excelsior! 

As  our  time  is  necessarily  limited, it  is  only  possible 
to  take  a  passing  glimpse  at  a  very  few  of  the  multitu- 
dinous influences  encountered  by  our  profession,  which 
go  largely  to  make  up  the  sum-total  of  medical  con- 
sideration, influence  and  usefulness.  In  the  first  place 
we  must  say,  that  no  foundation  can  endure,  for  per- 
manent reputation  and  usefulness  in  our  profession, 
that  is  not  well  laid  up  in  solid  blocks  of  granite  sci- 
ence, cemented  well  by  truth,  honor,  and  the  highest 
consequent  personal  integrity. 

We,  however,  sometimes  learn  from  the  humblest 
sources  items  of  practical  value.  I  know  a  doctor 
who,  early  in  his  practice,  encountering  a  case  of 
gastritis,  accompanied  with  moat  obstinate  vomiting 
of  all  his  most  approved  remedies,  .saw  a  motherly 
old  Irish  woman  take  a  cloth,  dip  it  in  ice-water,  and 
apply  it  to  the  throat  of  the  patient.  The  effect  was 
almost  magical.  The  sudden  impression  of  cold 
over  the  pneumogastric  revealed  to  the  young  doc- 
tor, nearly  one-third  of  a  century  since,  an  important 


I 


&»Mi'^5«ai 


'34 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   THE 


therapeutic  agency  which  he  had  not  before  learned 
b^^.  of  wh,ch  he  has  never  lost  sight  since  that  t."' 
No  a  word  was  said  on  either  side.  The  act  was 
performed  with  no  thought  or  wish  but  to  do  go" 
The  observation  was  made  in  the  same  spirit  and 
seemg  the  relief  so  well  and  quickly  accomp  i'shed 
he  act  has  been  utilized  in  his  practice  ever  since 

taud  t  T?'  '°  '"  '""^'^'S^'  ^-"  P-'iously 
taught,  so  ,t  was  a  revelation  or  discovery  to  the 
young  doctor  at  any  rate. 

Another  observation  twenty  or  twenty-five  years 
s.nce,  of  a  mother  trying  to  nur.se  her  infa^it  thatTad 
its  nasal  passages  obstructed.     The  infant  would  rock 

ir  Thi  'V'T' '-'  ^^'  ^p-^  ^-^  -d 

,,'  r  I  ■  ,        '^"'  '^'"^PP"^  ^he  child  on  its  back 

head  lower  than  the  body,  and  poured  from  a  tea 

breast    and   ,t  swallowed   without    difficulty.      The 
thought  suggested  itself  to  the  observer,  thafif  cede 
ma  and  dryness  of  the  nasal  passajjes  wJs    on      u 
relieved  by  the  moisture,  wl^  w^d^t      hl^ 
of  moisture  m  vapor  or  steam  relieve  the  stridulous 
breathing  of  croup  ?     An  opportunity  soon  presented 
and  he  made  the  experiment  to  test  L  value  and  be 
J  so  well  satisfied  with  the  result,  and  in  f  1    beh  f 
of  Its  almost  universal  efficacy  in  this  disease,  when 
not  accompanied  with  diphtheria  or  eruptive  feCeThe 
has  used  the  vapor  in  practice  ever  since'  At  thetime 
of  the  discovery  it  was  a  revelation  to  the  observer 
Our  profession  brings  us  to  the  extreme  of  pionee^ 
hfe  and  high  civilization.     I   knew  a  young  and  poor 
doctor  whose  practice  approximated  and  oftfn  incluTd 


v;»^?|@^ 


"ore  learned, 
2  that  time, 
riie  act  was 
to  do  good. 

spirit;  and 
complished, 

ever  .since. 

previou.sIy 
'ery  to  the 

'-five  years 
't  that  had 
ivould  rock- 
back  and 
n  its  back, 
om  a  tea- 
'  it  to  the 
Ity.      The 
at  if  cede- 
so  quickly 
inhalation 
stridulous 
^resented, 
2,  and  be- 
full  belief 
ise,  when 
fever,  he 
:  the  time 
observer. 
r  pioneer 
ind  poor 
included 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  1 35 

both.  One  evening  he  was  called  on  to  see  and 
prescribe  for  the  only  son  of  one  of  the  richest  and 
most  aristocratic  families  of  the  country.  He  was 
lodged  in  a  palatial  room,  and  slept  on  a  carved  ma- 
hogany bedstead,  with  grand  pillows  so  nicely  ruffled 
that  he  thought  it  wrong  to  waste  so  much  labor  for 
so  little.  So  he  laid  the  ornamental  pillows  aside, 
and  found  ample  support  for  his  weary  head  on  the 
corpulent  bolster.  His  next  night's  rest  was  in  a  log 
cabin  in  a  distant  lumber  region.  The  beams  of  the 
cabin  were  so  low  that  he  had  to  stoop  in  moving 
about,  to  obviate  unpleasant  collision  of  his  head  with 
the  beams  of  what  was  by  courtesy  called  "the  loft" 
—he  was  slightly  tall.  When  tired  nature  imperi- 
ously demanded  repose  after  his  arduous  ride,  his 
only  possible  chance  appeared  to  be  the  cradle,  where 
the  family  baby  had  reposed,  and  left  its  fragrance — 
not  of  the  rose.  Trying  thus  in  vain  to  find  sleep,  his 
practical  sagacity  discovered  an  old  round  top  trunk, 
with  cover  of  raw  skins  with  the  hair  on.  He  appro- 
priated this,  drew  it  against  the  logs  of  the  cabin  wall 
on  the  leeward  side,  placed  one  chair  for  his  head, 
another  for  his  feet,  and  shivered  it  out  until  morning, 
with  the  thermometer  below  zero.  Notwithstanding 
all  this,  and  much  more,  he  ".still  lives,"  and  has  an 
exalted  opinion,  perhaps  the  most  exalted  of  living 
men,  of  his  profession. 

In  the  consideration  of  extremes,  I  will  briefly  al- 
lude to  an  incident  that  many  of  us  will  vividly  re- 
member. When  riding  in  palace  cars,  850  miles  west 
of  the  Missouri  River,  at  a  station  we  saw  a  man  sit- 
ting on  the  platform  who  had  been  brought  there  on 


136 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   THE 


a  rude  stretcher,  to  be  placed  on  board  of  the  cars  to 
be  transported  to  the  nearest  mihtary  hospital,  vvhe  e 
efficient  treatment  could  be  obtained.  This  „  an  l,ad 
a  courage  which  few  could  equal.  Having  no  "gt. 
outlet,  he  very  naturally  became  a  Nimrod  or  as  ''Z 

zzr'^jT'' ''''"'  '"'■^^^^  ^-"*-  b^^- 

tJie  Lord.       In  th.s  capacity  he  invaded  the  private 
anctum  of  a  she  grizzly-bear,  wh.h  resented  the    n^ 
rus.on  mtensely ;  a  conflict  ensued,  ending  i„  a  mor- 
tal struggle  as  to  which  was  the  "fittest  to  survive" 
The  bear  was  huge  and  powerful  on  destructive  mus- 

nn!;        ,     '"^"  """*'  ^■""^^  °"  P^"«"^'  ^'^'■•'.  courage 
and  ready  resource.  The  result,  after  a  running  fight  of 

aTd"  a  "b  di  T'  '':  ^"^  ^"^°""*^^'  ^'^^  ^  dead^L  ; 
and  a  badly-hurt  Aowo.     But    the  logical  sequence 

even  out  m  the  savage  wilds,  is  "  brains  forever  " 

Our  profession  has  been  noted  for  centuries. 'in  fact 
since  Its  earliest   known  history,  for  the  number  and 
accuracy  of  ,ts  careful,  patient,  and  faithful  observers 
Among  the  subjects  of  observation,  one  of  the  most 
constantly  urgent  and  pressing  in  its  claim  for  indi- 
vidual attention,  is  that  of  epidemics.     In  truth  we 
know   but   very  little  concerning  epidemics,  except 
their    manifestation   and    progress.     Sydenham,    the 
father  of  English  medicine,  writing  on  this  subject 
two  hundred  years  ago,  attributes  them  "  to  the  differ- 
ent  constitutions  of  the  air."      But  neither  he  nor  any 
one  since  has  been  able  to  crown  his  brow  with  the 
wreath  of  victory,  by  telling  us.  or  demonstrating  to 
us,   what  these   mysterious   constitutions   are      We 
have  witnessed  epidemics  of  crime,  epidemics  of  re- 
ligion, epidemics  of  temperance,  epidemics  political 


r  the  cars  to 
ispital,  where 
'his  man  liad 
ig  no  higher 
'd,  or  as  "the 
unter  before 

the  private 
tited  the  in- 
ig  in  a  mor- 
to  survive." 
uctive  mus- 
ill,  courage, 
ling  fight  of 
ead  grizzly, 
I  sequence, 
ever." 
ries,  in  fact 
umber  and 

observers. 
r  the  most 
1  for  indi- 

truth,  we 
cs,  except 
iham,   the 
lis  subject 
the  differ- 
le  nor  any 
'  with  the 
trating  to 
ire.      We 
ics  of  re- 

poh'tical 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  1 37 

.ind  social.     The  most  recent  we  have  observed  is  the 
crusading  epidemic,  which  burst  on  the  social  vision 
in  full-developed  eruptive  stage  at  once.     All  violent 
epidemics  seem  to  be  short-lived,  as  witness  the  very 
rapid  fading  of  the  brilliant  crusading  coruscations. 
We  have  a  glimmering,  hazy  remembrance  of  politi- 
cal epidemics,  in  which  a  regular  witches'  cauldron  of 
incongruous  elements  obscurely  bubbles  up  in  memo- 
ry.    It  is  quite  regular  now  with  us  in  its  quadrennial 
manifestations.      But  its  particular  type  is  very  liable 
to  change  with  each  quadrennial  manifestation.      As 
we  may  be  taken  up  sharply  here,  we  will  not  pro- 
ceed further  in  this  direction  than  merely  to  remark, 
that  from  our  present  standpoint  we  feel  unable,  in  a 
brief  analysis,  with  any  degree  of  satisfaction  to  de- 
termine  which    is    most    destructive   and    disorgan- 
izing at  present— the  cholera,  the  epizootic,  or  our 
quadrennial  political  epidemic  eruption.     In  our  per- 
plexity, if  we.  could  muster  faith  as  a  mustard  seed, 
we  would  be  inclined  to  put  up  the  petition, "  from 
all  these,  good  Lord,  deliver  us." 

We  have  those  who  are  curious  to  observe,  collate  and 
diagnose  the  Centennial  symptoms,  civil  and  political. 
As  our  planet  is  careering  through  infinite  space  on 
its  annual  journey  around  its  superior  the  sun,  at  the 
rate  so  inconceivable  of  68,000  miles  per  hour,  and  as 
the  sun  itself  with  all  its  attending  broods  of  worlds 
and  moons,  appears  to  obey  the  same  inscrutable  law 
of  calculable  yet  really  incomprehensibly  rapid  mo- 
tion in  space;  and  as  the  universe  is  a //<-;/«;//,  who 
can  tell  what  epidemic  influences  for  good  or  ill  may 
fall  in  our  way  and  impart  strange  and  startling  "con- 


iif 


ti; 


I  > 


ns 


TRANSACTIONS   OF   THE 


stiut.ons    to  our  aerial  ocean?     Who  has  yet  been 
able  to  learn  and  toach  us  the  origin  of  any  of  our 
specfic  diseases  ?     Their  origin  is  veiled  in  the.  as  yet 
in,penetrable  obscurity    which  envelop  man    in    the 
pre-h,stor.c   ages.       Whether    they   come    from    any 
peculiar  combination  of  mundane  agencies,  combin- 
.ng  only  m  periods  too  remote  for  any  existing  his- 
tonc  records,  or  whether  originating  in  some  ntlign 
influence  swooped  from  infinite  space  in  our  incessant 
revolution  through  its  vast  depths,  and  this   mixed  in 
and  w.th  our  aerial  envelope,  our  vital  breath,  too  often 
alas!  our  mortal  demit  from  "life's  fitful  fever  "  who 
among  the  wise  of  this  planet  ...  ,.//,     Conc;rning 
all  th.s,  as  yet.  who  of  our  profession  has  been  able  to 
do  much  more  than  indulge  in  careering  efforts  of  the 
|magmatu.n,  not  much  unlike  the  fabled  celestial  char- 
ioteer who  undertook  one  day  to  drive  the  winged 
coursers  of  the  chariot  of  the  sun  ?  " 

Another  question  is  steadily  growing  in  importance 
m  the  c.v.l.zed  world,  and  is  quietly,  yet  with  inexor- 
able urgency,  saddling  itself  on  our  profession  and  de- 
mandmg  solution  at  our  hands.     Almost  the  entire 
jud.c.ary  of  the  world  seem  to  be  simultaneously  and 
.nvoluntanly  lookmg  to  us  for  light  to  disclose  the 
scentific  way  out  of  the  hazy  labyrinths  of  criminal 
jurisprudence.     This  question  of  questions  is.  "The 
relation  of  crime  to  disease."     We  do  not  pret;nd  to 
be  able  satisfactory  and  conclusively  to  answer  this 
momentous  question,  involving  as  it  seems  to  do  some 
of  the  pillars  on  which  the  jurisprudence,  and  civil 
and  even  theological,  structures  of  the  world  have' 
long  rested.     But  we  hope  we  may  be  permitted  mod! 


s  yet  been 
any  of  our 
the,  as  yet, 
an    in    the 

from  any 
!s,  conibin- 
:isting  his- 
ne  malign 
r  incessant 

mixed  in 
I,  too  often 
iver,"  who 
■oncerning 
en  able  to 
)rts  of  the 
stial  char- 
ie  winged 

nportance 
:h  incxor- 
n  and  de- 
he  entire 
3usly  and 
close  the 
criminal 
is,  "The 
■etend  to 
iwer  this 
do  some 
ind  civil, 
rid  have 
ed  mod- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


139 


cstly  to  indicate  the  road  in  which  our  feeble  steps 
have  led  us,  without  giving  offence  to  any ;  as  surely 
none  is  intended.     We  only  seek  the  truth— the  Bea- 
trice of  Dante,  the  Philosopher's  Stone,  the  universal 
solvent  of  the  Alchemist,  the  guerdon  for  which  all 
true  souls  are  in  quest.     "  It  is  admitted  that  what- 
ever is  physiologically  right   is   morally  right,  and 
whatever  is  physiologically  wrong  is  morally  wrong : 
we  have  no  right  to  do  ourselves  harm."     What  is 
health  ?     In  what  "  highest  state  of  balanced  power, 
physical,  intellectual  and  moral,"  does  it  consist  ?    The 
simple  reply  will  readily  occur  to  you  all,  and  perhaps 
even  provoke  a  smile  by  its  very  simplicity.     It  con- 
sists in  being  in  conformity  to  the  laws  of  the  uni- 
verse, intelligent  and  voluntary  or  involuntary.    There 
cannot  be  health  and  well  being  in  any  violation  or 
want  of  conformity  to  these  laws.     Then  disease  is 
clearly  the  opposite  of  health,  and  comes  from  ignor- 
ant and  involuntary  violation  or  willful  want  of  con- 
formity to  the  universal  laws.     Sin,  as  it  is  called 
theologically,  or  crime,  as  it  is  called  in  criminal  juris- 
prudence, is  violation  or  want  of  conformity  to  uni- 
versal beneficent  law.     All  crime  therefore  is  disease, 
and  is  amenable  to  proper  treatment. 

We  would  not,  however,  intimate  that  the  external 
application  of  the  outer  fibre  of  our  Cannabis  Ameri- 
cana would  not  be  a  very  salutary  remedy  for  some 
forms  of  disease, although  it  might  be  classed  as  heroic 
treatment  of  a  suspensory  character.  All  our  treat- 
ment is  not  of  this  kind.  I  will  relate  how  a  doctor 
of  medicine  treated  a  case  of  religious  despair.  He 
found  an  old  grandmother,  who  had  been  left  a  widow 


■  I 


I40 


TRANSACTIONS   or   THE 


^i 


on  the  frontier  with  a  family  of  small  children  on  her 
hands,  to  feed,  clothe,  and  educate.     She  shouldered 
her  burden, and  carried  it  nobly  and  well,  until  the  last 
child  was  settled  in  life;  then  her  weary  spirit  sought 
the  long-anticipated  rest,  of  a  home  with  her  children 
and  freedom  from  care.     Having  been  good  all  her 
life,  without  going  through  any  formula  to  become  so, 
and  always  having  a  strong  sense  of  duty,  she  began 
in  her  sea.son  of  rest  to  attend  protracted  meetings. 
She  listened  attentively,  again  and  again,  and  feeling 
it  impossible  to  go  through  the  prescribed  form,  she 
gave  it  up  in  despair,  and  came  to  the  deplorable  con- 
clusion that  she  had  "sinned  away  her  day  of  grace." 
In  this  condition  the  doctor  of  medicine  was  called  to 
prescribe.     He  found  the  old  mother,  who  had  fought 
life's  battle  so  bravely  and  well,  in  agony,  walking  her 
room  night  and  day,  wringing  her  hands,  wasted  to  a 
skeleton  by  the  intense  mental  torture.     He  gave  the 
needful  restoratives  for  her  exhausted  body,  and  went 
at  her  notion  that  a  frail  mortal,  ill-begotten  perhaps, 
and  unfortunately  and  unfavorably  placed,  can  by  any 
possibility  sin  away  its  day  of  grace.    Says  he,  "Grand- 
ma, you  have  a  son,  your  youngest  (he  was  her  Ben- 
jamin, a  little  wild);  how  badly  would  he  have  to  be- 
have, and  how  long,  until  you  would  forget  you  were 
his  mother;  and  not  only  that,  but  when  he  was  poor 
and  in  want,  and  sick,  you  would  beat  and  abuse  and 
torture  him,  and  deprive  him  of  any  chance  for  com- 
fort and  health  ?"     The  eyes  of  the  old  lady  began  to 
glitter  with  an  ominous  and  dangerous  light,  and  the 
doctor  moved  in  his  seat,  ready  to  jump  out  of  the 
way,  as  she  vociferat^id,  "  Why  »ever,  doctor,  never! 


'^ "-'  iiffl 


KOCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


141 


liow  tlarc  you  talk  to  me  in  that  way?"  Tlic  doctor 
settled  back  in  his  chair,  well  assured  of  the  situation, 
and  that  victory  would  crown  his  efforts.  Giving  time 
for  the  patient  to  nurse  her  wrath  over  his  unnatural 
su^jgestions,  he  returned  again  with  the  questioning 
remark:  "Oh,  you  wouldn't,  then,  if  he  were  ever 
such  a  sinner?"  The  response  was  like  the  growl  of  a 
bear  that  fears  the  robbery  of  her  cubs.  "  Well,  then, 
grandma,  as  God  is  our  Father,  and  we  are  all  His 
children,  don't  you  think  He  is  almo.st  as  good  as  we 
are?  If  we  frail  erring  mortals  cannot  be  made  so  de- 
moniacal as  to  torture  our  sinful  children  for  a  short 
time  in  this  fleeting  existence,  can  we  for  a  moment 
suppose  the  God  of  Infinite  Love  can  torture  His  err- 
ing sinful  children  to  all  eternity?"  The  argument  to 
the  maternal  heart  was  conclusive.  The  despair  gave 
way,  a  new  and  joyous  light  began  to  light  up  her 
weary  eyes,  and  looking  at  the  poor  doctor,  clasping 
both  hands  over  a  tumultuously  beating  heart,  she  ex- 
claimed, "Oh,  doctor,  this  must  be  true!"  There  was 
thence  a  new  departure,  and  plain  sailing  into  the 
haven  of  healthy  peace.  This  interesting  and  most 
distressing  phase  of  human  experience  had  to  be 
solved  without  delay,  or  reason  would  have  been  de- 
throned, and  health  ruined  for  life.  The  emergency 
was  met  by  the  doctor  as  an  experienced  mariner  en- 
counters a  storm,  seizing  the  helm  firmly  with  both 
hands,  holding  the  ship's  bow  across  the  breakers, 
guiding  by  his  instincts  till  all  danger  is  past;  then  he 
has  time  to  take  his  bearings,  find  his  position  and 
direct  her  course.  The  good  mother  recovered,  and 
has  ever  since  gone  happily  on  her  way ;  and  the  poor 


TO" 


ii 


'ip 


"A 


*'■!:!■■ 


[4: 


TRANSACTIONS   OK   TUF, 


doctor  has  jronc  limpinjr  on  his  course,  well  satisfied 
with  the  result. 

In  conchision,  Rcntlemen  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
Medical  Association,  after  so  many  trivialities,  which 
are  not  intended  to  offend  the  most  aesthetic  taste 
but  are  simply  the  stray  culls  and  wild  fruits  and  flow- 
ers of  our  scientific  frontier,  permit  me  to  say  a  few 
words  of  the  greater  demand  and  paramount  need  of 
our  profession  to  humanity  over  that  of  all  others  on 
earth.    Our  profession  stands  among  others  like  "  Saul 
the  son  of  Kish"  among  the   Israelites,  "head  and 
slioulders  above  them  all."     It  stands  like  Cerberus 
at  the  portals  of  human  progress,  and  zealously  hunts 
out  and  shuts  out  all  shams.     Nothing  that  has  not 
the  mipress  of  trur  value  can  find  abiding  shelter  with 
us.  although  shams  may  dangle  around  us  for  awhile 
like  ignesfatni,  but  they  soon  die  out  for  the  want  of 
necessary  fuel.     We  take  into  our  range  as  practition- 
ers of  the  healing  art,  all  the  causes  which  operate  on 
the  human  organization  for  good  or  ill.  from  the  low- 
est and  most  trivial  to  the  highest  of  which  humanity 
IS  capable.     We  protect,  regulate,  and  guide  the  or- 
ganizations of  the  afflicted   in  accordance  with  the 
laws  of  their  structure,  development,  and  conserva- 
tion, with  as  much  assurance  of  better  results  as  the 
engineer  who  guides  his  train  with  vigilance  and  care 
IS  assured  of  the  train  reaching  its  destination  with 
satety.  and  does  it  all  in  harmony  with  the  laws  of  its 
combination,  and  of  steam,  wood,  and  water.      In 
every  phase  of  human  society  the  demand  for  our 
knowledge  is  of  first  necessity,  in  order  to  protect 
communities  from  the  ravages  of  disease,  epidemics 


211  satisfied 

■  Mountain 
itics,  which 
hctic  taste, 
s  and  flow- 
)  say  a  few 
nt  need  of 

others  on 
like  "Saul. 
head  and 

Cerberus 
usly  hunts 
t  has  not 
lelter  with 
For  awhile 
e  want  of 
iractition- 
perate  on 

the  low- 
lumanity 
:  the  or- 
with  the 
:onserva- 
s  as  the 
ind  care 
ion  with 
ivs  of  its 
:er.      In 

for  our 

protect 
ideniics, 


KOCKV    MOUNTAIN    MKOICAL   ASSOCIATION.         1 43 

pestilence,  and  death.  All  the  attainments  of  the 
mind  and  possessions  of  the  earth  are  only  valuable 
as  we  have  life  and  health  to  enjoy  their  nianif(.Id 
benefits.  Without  life  all  is  lost,  and  without  health 
there  is  only  fitness  for  the  enjoyments  of  life  in  pro- 
portion to  the  measure  of  its  possession ;  hence  the 
greater  necessity  for  our  profession  to  bring  order  out 
of  disorder,  and  relieve  all  the  disturbances  of  mind 
or  body  as  essential  to  the  happiness  of  mankind. 

And  nearly  a  half-century  of  hard  labor  and  earnest 
devotion  to  the  practice  of  our  art,  with  all  the  conse- 
quent self-abnegation  and  suffering  endured,  yet  it  af- 
fords me  that  satisfaction  in  the  evening  of  life,  that  if 
I  had  mine  to  live  over  again  I  would  be  a  physician, 
only  I  would  aim  to  be  a  revi.sed  edition.  The  rem- 
iniscences of  the  past  are  so  full  of  pleasant  pictures 
of  lives  .saved,  of  sufferings  relieved,  and  comforts  re- 
stored, that  I  hope  to  be  excused  for  the  allusion  to 
this  self-gratification.  We  will  not  forget,  in  brief,  to 
acknov  ledge  the  feeling  of  a  just  pride  in  the  progress 
of  our  profession  in  every  department  of  its  work  for 
the  last  century,  and  I  feel  well  assured  it  will  be  car- 
ried forward  to  still  higher  achievements  and  nobler  re- 
sults, and  continue  to  merit  the  gratitude  of  mankind. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  address,  on  motion  of  Dr. 
Harding,  of  Lawrcnceburg.  Ind..  the  thanks  of  the 
Association  were  tendered  to  Dr.  Gillett  and  a  copy 
requested  for  publication. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Toner,  of  Washington,  was  then  elected 
President,  and  Dr.  John  Morris,  of  Baltimore,  re- 
elected Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

A  motion  was  then  passed  requesting  all  the  mem- 


Dl 


'■^iiMi 


'44 


TKANSACTIONS. 


I>crs  to  furnish  data  for  a  sho.l  hi.,,rranhy  to  be  in 
cor,..,ralccl  in  the  next  address  ^  " 

c-.lh!'1'^.«T''"""".  "''■"  ^"'J'"'^""''  ^'^  "^'^^■t  '-^t  Chi. 
"IK  of  the  Aniencan  Medical  Association. 

I-  S.  Stkvkns.  M.  D,  Sccntaryprotcn. 
SIXTH  MKF/nxf;,  ,877,  CHICAOO. 
he  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association  n,et  in 

Pen     ,^\'-^"^ry''''"  ^•^^•"-■"K.  June  6th.   ,877.      The 
I  rcMdent.  Jos.  M.  Toner,  M.  I).,  in  the  chair 

1  he  proceedings  of  the  last  meeting,  held  in  Phila 
dclph.a,  were  read  and  approved 

A.ii^';e;:;:::d^i'r::  "^';' "'  '"^'^-^^  -'•  -- 

He  also  submitted  short  sketches  of  the  lives  of 

was  tende.rc-d  Dr.  Toner,,  and  a  committee  of  three 
consisting  of  Drs  N  ^   D-.,,:.    r  1     »,  ' 

M  T«„  '^^'^'  J°''"  Morris  and  los 

M.  Toner,  appointed  to  have  the  address  published" 

well  as  the  proceedings  of  former  meetings  so  as' to 
embrace  a  full  history  of  the  Association. 

de.^"a!n  n   't-  P'""'  °^  ^'"^'-^S^'  ^^^^  '-^'^^t^'d  Presi- 
dent and  Dr.  John  Morris,  of  Baltimore,  Secretary. 

5th  d.vTr'"'^ '''?  ''^■°"''"'^  ^°  '"'-"^•^  ^*  Buffalo,  the 
5tn  day  of  June,  1878. 

John  Morris.  M.  D.,  Secretary. 


y  to  be  i 


in 


et 

at  Chi. 

lUU 

1  meet- 

pro  tiiii. 

0. 

Dn 

met  in 

ic 

Palmer 

77- 

The 

in  Pijila- 

and  care- 
cts  of  an 
tcr,  which 
f  and  ap- 

h'ves  of 
dead, 
'f  thanks 
of  three, 
and  Jos. 
Jbhshed, 
nbers,  as 
so  as  to 

d  Presi- 
etary. 
falo,  the 

ctary. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES 


op 


THE    MEMBERS 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION, 

arra:  c;ed  alphabetically. 


ADAMS.  CHARLES  POWELL,  M.  D.,  of  Hast- 
ings, Minn.,  was  born  in  Rainsburgh,  Bedford  Co.,  Pa., 
March  3.  1 83 1.     His  grandfather  on  his  father's  side 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution  from  Virginia,  and 
died  at  the  age  of  ninety-eight  yea--.     His  ancestors 
came  from  England  and  settled  at  Jamestown,  Va., 
about  1645.     The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  a  lib- 
era! education  at  the  public  schools,  and  then  at  West 
]3edford  Academy,  in  Coshocton  County. Ohio.    When 
eighteen  years  of  age  he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  W.  R.  Waddell,  in  the  town  of  West 
Bedford,  with  whom  he  remained  for  one  year,  and 
then  became  a  student  of  Drs.  Crumley  and  Pierce,  in 
Amity,  Knox  Co.,  Ohio.     Attending  the  usual  course 
of  lectures,  he  graduated  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College 
in  1851.     In  1852  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Waymansville,  Bartholomew  Co.,  Ind., 
and  in  February,  1852,  was  united  in  marriage  to  Maty 
Horence,  daughter  of  Rev.  Alvin  Buxton,  of  that  town 

(•47) 


;1  f- 


148 


BIOGKAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


trom  overwork  and  owing  to  a  malarial  climate,  his 
health  began  to  fail  in  1854,  so  that  he  removed  to 
Hastings,  Minn.,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided  en- 
gaged m  the  duties  of  his  profe.ssion.    In  1856  he'was 
e  ected  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and 
although  but  twenty-five  years  of  age  was  appointed 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Incorporations     The 
railroad  interests  then  looming  up.  and  the  Govern- 
ment  grants  of  land  being  disposed  of  by  the  Legisla- 
ture, made  it  a  most  important  committee.    In  addition 
to  his  professional  duties,  he  assumed  the  editorship 
of  the  "Hastings  Democrat"  in  1859,  ivhich  he  con- 
tinued to  conduct  until    the   firing  on  Fort  Sumter, 
April  14,  1861,  when  he  at  once  enrolled  as  a  private 
soldier,  but  in  the  choice  of  officers  was  elected  Captain 
of  Company  H,  First  Regiment  Minnesota  Volunteers 
and  mustered  -nto  service  on  the  29th   of  the  same 
month.     He  wa.s  in  every  battle  from  the  first  Bull 
Run  to  that  of  Gettysburg,  and  was  a  number  of  times 
wounded:  slightly,  in  the  arm,  at  Bull  Run.  July  21 
1861 ;  severely,  in  the  left  groin,  at  Malvern  Hills,  July 
I,  1862;  at  Antietam.  September  i;,  1862,  severely,  in 
the  left  shoulder;  at  Gettysburg.  July  2,  1863,  in  five 
different  places-through  left  cheek  and  lung,  in  the 
left  groin,  breaking  femur  near  the  trochanter  major  in 
the  left  thigh  about  the  lower  third,  and  in  the  right 
side  of  the  abdomen.     Was  left  for  dead  on  the  field 
but.  fortunately,  found  and  cared  for  by  his  comrades.' 
Was  first  taken  to  the  hospital  at  Littlestown.and  then 
to  Baltimore.     Was  compelled   to   use  a  crutch   for 
eighteen  months.     Has  two  balls  and  one  buck-shot 
still  m  his  body.     Major-General  Hancock,  in  his  re- 


al  climate,  his 
le  removed  to 
:e  resided,  cii- 
ti  1856  he  was 
-gislature,  and 
was  appointed 
•rations.     The 
I  the  Govern- 
y  the  Legisla- 
;.    In  addition 
:he  editorship 
I'hich  he  con- 
Fort  Sumter, 
d  as  a  private 
ected  Captain 
a  Volunteers, 

of  the  same 
the  first  Bull 
nber  of  times 
^un,  July  21, 
^n  Hills,  July 
J,  severely,  in 
,  1863,  in  five 

lung,  in  the 
Iter  major,  in 

in  the  right 
on  the  field, 
is  comrades, 
wn.and  then 
I  crutch  for 
e  buck-shot 
;k,  in  his  re- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         149 

port  of  the  battle  of  Getty,sburg,  mentions  the  gallant 
conduct  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Adams  in  terms  of  high 
praise.     He  held  during  the  war  the  following  com- 
missions:   Captain,    Major.   Lieutenant-Colonel    Col- 
onel, and  Brevet  Brigadier-General.     The  doctor  was 
retained  m  service  and  placed  in  command  of  the  Third 
J^ub-district  of  Minnesota,  with  headquarters  at  Fort 
Abcrcrombie,  in  Dakota  Territory.    In  January,  1866 
.10  commanded  a  corps  of  cavalry  and  artillery  that 
was  sent  against  the  hostile  Sioux  Indians     A  deep 
snow  covered  the  ground  at  the  time,  with  the  ther- 
momcter  from  30°  to  45°  below  zero.     Although  the 
connnand  suffered  severely  from  frost,  the  expedition 
was  a  success,  and  proved  the  practicability  of  a  winter 
campaign.     The  Doctor  (now  Brigadier-General)  was 
niu-  i.-<    out  of  service  July  16,  1866.     He  at  once 
return.  .is  home  at  Hastings,  and  resumed  his 

practK       .which  he  has  been  fully  occupied  ever 
since      In  April,  1872.  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  Hast- 
ings, but  after  one  year  s  service  declined  a  re-election 
in  KS59-70,  be  was  an  active  associate  of  Dr  Willey 
and  others  in  organizing  the  Minnesota  State  Medical 
Society,  and  has  been   honored  with  nearly  all   the 
offices  withm  its  gift.     He  has  twice  represented  the 
Society  m  the  American  Medical  Association,  one  of 
he  occasions  being  the  meeting  at  San  Francisco,  in 
S:    .^"^  .'s  also  a  member  of  the  Dakota  Countv 
Med  cal  Society,  the  Minnesota  State  Medical  Societ/ 
and  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical' 
Society.     Dr  A.  lost  his  first  wife  in  October.  1858 
by  whom  he  liad  two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter 
In  November.  1873.  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Mary 


i-HI- 


:i^ 


ISO 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Sophia  Pettybone,  of  Vermillion,  Minn.  He  is  a  man 
of  great  and  untiring  energy  and  unswerving  devotion 
to  his  profession,  and,  notwithstanding  all  he  has  suf- 
fered, is  in  the  enjoyment  of  reasonable  health,  and 
gives  promise  of  a  long  life  of  usefulness  in  the  profes- 


sion. 


%: 


i;  if 


ADRIAN,  JAMES  A.,  M.  D.,  of  Logansport,  Ind., 
was  born  at  Ogdensburgh,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y., 
January  12,  1829.      His  parents  removed  to  the  city 
of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  but  three  years  of  age,  and  where  they  both 
shortly  after  died.      His  childhood  was  passed  with 
but  few  educational  advantages,  so  chat  when  he  had 
attained  the  age  of  eleven  years  he  was  unable  to  read 
or  write.     Removing  to  the  town  of  Roscoe,  Coshoc- 
ton Co.,  O.,  by  an  arrangement  of  working  morning 
and    evening,   he    obtained   schooling,   and    rapidly 
acquired  the  rudiments  of  a  good  English  education. 
In  time  he  became  competent  to  instruct,  and  was 
appointed  teacher  at  a  village  school  for  one  year,  and 
at  the  same  tin:  e  prosecuted  his  own  studies.      With 
the  scanty  means  there  obtained,  he  went  to  a  high 
school  at  Oxford,  Pa.,  where  he  p.epared  for  entering 
the  Pennsylvania  College  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  but  from 
which  institution  he  was  obliged  to  retire  on  account 
of  poor  health,  and  at  the  suggestion  of  friends  went 
South.      In  October,  1845,  he  sailed  from  Baltimore 
for  Mobile,  Ala.,  where  he  obtained  an  engagement 
as  a  tutor  in  a  private  family  for  one  year.      He  was 
induced  to  accept  an  engagement  as  tutor  for  another 
year,  during  which  time  he  had  access  to  Professor  J. 


He  is  a  man 
:rving  devotion 
all  he  has  suf- 
ile  health,  and 
s  in  the  profcs- 


gansport,  Ind., 
ce  Co.,  N.  Y., 
ed  to  the  city 
3f  this  sketch 
;re  they  both 
5  passed  with 
when  he  had 
inable  to  read 
scoe,  Coshoc- 
king  morning 

and  rapidly 
sh  education, 
ruct,  and  was 
one  year,  and 
adies.  With 
nt  to  a  high 
i  for  entering 

Pa.,  but  from 
e  on  account 

friends  went 
>m  Baltimore 

engagement 
ar.  He  was 
r  for  another 
>  Professor  J. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   AS.SOCIATION.        I51 

C.  Nott's  fine  hbrary.      Returning  to  Roscoe,  O.,  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  M.  John- 
son of  that  place  ;  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures 
at  the  Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus,  O.,  1848-- 
49,  and   the   next  year  commenced   to   practice    in 
Crawford  Co.,  O.,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until  the 
spring  of  1 85 1,  when  he  removed  to  Lewisburg  Cass 
Co,  Ind.     In   1853-54.  He  attended  a  course  of  lec- 
tures at  the  Medical  College  at  Cleveland,  O.,  where 
he  graduated,  and  returned  to  his  practice  in  Lewis- 
burg,   where    he    was    soon    very    actively   engaged 
in  professional  duties.     In  1866,  he  went  to  Bellevue 
Medical  College,  New  York,  and  attended  a  course 
of  lectures,  from  which   institution  he  received   the 
degree  of  M.  D.     Again,  in  1868-69,  he  returned  to 
New  York,  and  made  a  special  course  of  study  on 
the  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear.     For  a  number  of 
years  the  Doctor  has  resided  in  the  city  of  Logans- 
port,  and  enjoys  to  the  fullest  extent  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  both  the  profession  and  the  public      In 
1873.  he  assisted  in  organizing  the  Cass  County  Med- 
ical Society,  and  was  elected  its  first  President       He 
read   before   the   society   a    paper  on   Cholera   and 
another  on  Spinal  Meningitis,  which  were  well  con- 
sidered and  attracted  much  attention  from  his  profes- 
sional brethren.     In  187 1,  he  was  a  Delegate  from  the 
Indiana  State  Medical  Society  to  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association,  which  met   at  San  Francisco,  Cal 
He  ,s  a  member  of  the  Indiana  State  Medical  Society 
of  the   Cass   County   Medical   Society,   and   of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  and  was  elected  an 
honorary   member  of  the   California   State   Medical 


mm 


152 


BIOGRAPmcAL   SKF.TCHES. 


Society.     In  1 875,  he  was  a  Delegate  from  the  Amer 
lean  Medical  Association  to  the  International  Medical 
Congress,    which    assembled    at    Brussels,    Belgium 
before  which  he  read  a  paper  and  took  an  active%art 
in   the   discussions.     Dr.  Adrian    is   a   good   public 
speaker.      He  was  a  personal  friend  and  a  political 
adm.rer  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  and  made  tellin. 
campaign  speeches  for  him  in   i860.      He  served  as 
one  of  the  Tilden  and  Hendricks  electors  in  1876,  and 
dunng  the  campaign  attracted  attention  by  his' fine 
oratorial  and  argumentative  powers.      At  the  a^e  of 
twenty-one  he  became  a  Mason,  and  has  been  hon- 
ored with  many  official  positions,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  State.     From  his 
well-known  reputation  as  a  speaker,  he  is  frequentiv 
called  upon  to  deliver  public  addresses,  and  on  his  rJ- 
turn  fro.n  Europe  his  friends  in  Logan.sport  gave  him 
a  public  welcome.  Judge  Dykeman  making  the  address 
m  behalf  of  the  citizens.      The  Doctor  responded  in 
the   happiest  manner,   giving  a  full  and  most  inter- 
esting account  of  his  travels,  and  graphically  describ- 
ing such  places  and  matters  as  had  particularly  inter- 
ested him  on  his  trip  to  the  old  world. 

AGARD.  AURELIUS  HOMER.  M.  D.,  formerly 
of  Sandusky,  Ohio,  but  now  of  Oakland.  Cal  was 
born  at  Wadsworth,  Medina  Co..  O.,  October  10  18^2 
His  parents  were  of  New  England  Puritan  stock  and 
pioneers  to  Ohio.  He  received  a  good  preparatory 
education  at  John  McGregor's  Academy,  and  also 
attended  the  Western  Star  Seminary,  where  he  ac- 
quired a  fair  knowledge  of  the  classics.     His  medical 


om  tlie  Amcr- 
tional  Medical 
«t-'Is,  Belgium, 
an  active  part 

good   public 
md  a  political 

made  tcllini: 
He  served  as 
s  in  1 876,  and 
n  by  his  fine 
^t  the  age  of 
as  been  hon- 
ow  one  of  the 
-.     From  his 
is  frequently 
nd  on  his  rc- 
>ort  gave  iiim 
g  the  address 
responded  in 
1  most  inter- 
:ally  describ- 
cularly  inter- 


D.,  formerh- 
id,  Cal ,  was 
ber  10,  1822. 
m  stock  and 
preparator)' 
y,  and  also 
here  he  ac- 
His  medical 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         153 

Studies  were  commenced  under  Dr.  Alexander  Fisher 
who  m  1846  practiced  at  Western  Star.  Summit  Co  ' 
Ohio.    Afterwards  he  attended  two  courses  of  lectures 
at  the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  and  graduated,  after 
another  course,  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  Phila 
<lclphia,  in  1849.     In  June  of  the  same  year  he  com 
nicnced  to  practice  at  Western  Star  in  partnership  with 
his  preceptor.     In  1850  he  bought  out  Dr.  Fislur  a  k! 
continued  to  practice  till  December,  1856    when  he 
removed  to  Sandusky  City,  where  he  continued  in  the 
active  duties  of  his  profession  until  1875      This  year 
he  removed  to  California,  and  on  January  i     ,876 
opened  an  ofifice  in  the  city  of  Oakland,  where  he 
now  enjoys  a  fair  professional  business.    In  1 856  he  re- 
ported a  case  of  diffused  aneurism  of  the  femoral  artery 
operated  on  by  Dr.  Fisher,  which  is  published  in  the 
Am-nran /ounia/ 0/  the  Medical  Sciences,  for  April  of 
that  year.    He  has  also  written  a  few  articles  on  m-di- 
cal  subjects  for  the  current  medical  journals      Trans 
actions  of  State  Societies  where  he  has  been  a  mem 
ber  have  also  received   contributions  from   his  pen 
A  recent  article  in  the  Pacific  Medical  Journal  on  "  Vac- 
cine Lymph.  Jennerian  or  Bovine"  is  a  most  excel- 
lent review  of  this  subject.     He  is  a  member  of  the 
Erie  County  (Ohio)  Medical  Society,  and  was  its  Vice- 
I  resident  and  acting  President  when  he  left  Sandusky 
City;  was  also  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Ohio 
State  Medical  Society,  and  a  member  of  the  North 
Western  Medical  Society  of  Ohio.     He  is  a  member" 
and  at  present  Vice-President  of  the  Alameda  County' 
Med.ca  Society,  and  a  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical    Society,  and  a  member   of  the   American 


154 


niOr.KAPllICAr.   SKETClinS. 


Medical  Association,  and  he  attended  tl)e  meeting  in 
the  city  of  ^;in  I<  rancisco,  1 8;  i .  In  1 849.  tlie  Doctor 
was  united  in  marria.ue  to  Hattie  F.  Cole,  oldest  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  Joseph  Cle,  for  forty  y-ars  an  active  prac- 
titioner of  Akron.  ()>.io.  She  died  in  1 853, leaving  om- 
child.  Hattie  L..  who  accompanied  her  father  to  Califor- 
nia in  1S71.  In  June,  185C,  he  married  May  R.  More, 
of  Sharon,  Medina  Co..  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  had  four 
children— two  sons  and  two  daughters.  A  conclusive 
evidence  that  the  Doctor  enjoyed  his  trip  to  California 
is  that  he  has  since  that  time  taken  up  his  residence  in 
that  State. 


AMES,  ALHKRT  ALONZO.  M.  D.,  of  Minne- 
apolis. Minn.,  was  born  at  Amesville.  Hoone  Co.,  111., 
Jan  18,  1842.     He  is  the  .son  of  the  late  Dr.  Alfred  V 
and  Martha  (Pratt)  Ames,  of  Minneapolis,  received  a 
good  English  education,  and  then  read  medicine  with 
his  father  and  with  Dr.  Daniel  lirainard.  and  graduated 
m  medicine  at  the  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago,  111., 
in  1862.    In  August,  after  obtaining  his  degree,  he  wa.s 
appointed  Assistant  Surgeon  of  the  Seventh  Minnesota 
Infant.y;  was  promoted  to  Surgeon  in  1 864, and  served 
to  the  clo.se  of  the  war.     Returning  to  Minneapolis,  he 
engaged  in  practice,  and  was  elected  to  the  Minnesota 
Legislature  in  1866-67.    In  1868  he  went  to  California 
and  from  there  to  Portland,  Ore.,  and  thence  to  San 
Diego,  Cal.  For  a  brief  period  he  engaged  in  the  news- 
paper business  in  San  FrancLsco,  and  was  for  a  time 
Managing  Editor  of  the  A/fa.    Returning  to  Minne- 
sota, he  became  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  and  formed 
a  partnership  in  practice  with   Dr.  A.  H.  Salisbury, 


meeting  in 
.the  Doctor 
tlcst  claugli- 
active.'  prac- 
Icavinfj  one 
:rto  Cali for- 
ay R.  More, 
as  liati  four 
L  conclusive 
o  California 
residence  in 


of  Minnc- 
ne  Co.,  III., 
r.  Alfred  E. 
,  received  a 
dicine  with 
I  graduated 
licago.  111., 
rec,  he  was 
Minnesota 
and  served 
eapolis,  he 
Minnesota 
California, 
ICC  to  San 
I  the  ncw.s- 
for  a  time 
to  Minne- 
nd  formed 
Salisbury, 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MKDICAL   A.SSOCIATK.N.         I55 

and  was  in  1 876-77  Mayor  of  the  city.  I  le  i.s  a  mem- 
ber  of  the  Minnesota  State  Medical  Society  and  was  a 
Delegate  from  it  to  the  American  Medical  Association 
at  San  iMancisco,  in  l87i,and  is  an  honorary  member 
of  the  California  State  Medical  Society,  lie  is  ono  of 
the  incorporators  of  the  "MinneaimlisSchool  of  Medi- 
cine,"  the  faculty  of  which  has  not  yet  been  fully  or- 
ganizc<'     --he  doctor  i.s  married  and  has  three  children. 

AMES.  ALFRED  ELISMA.  M.  D..  of  Minneap- 
olis, Mmn.,  was  born  in  Colchester,  Vt,  December  14 
1 8 14.  and  died  of  a  cancerous  disease  at  his  home  in 
Minneapolis,  September   23,   1874.      At   the  age  of 
seventeen  years  he  was  taken  to  Orwell.  Ashtabula 
Lo.,  Ohio.     His  preliminary  and  academic  education 
was  obtained  in  his  native  place  and  in  his  new  home 
in  Ohio.     When  sufficiently  advanced  he  became  a 
teacher,  during  the  winter,  in  the  common  or  public 
schools.     In   September,    1836,    he    married   Martha 
Iratt,  of  Geneva.  Ohio,  who  with  four  sons  survive 
h.m.     Two  of  the  Doctor's  sons  are  now  practicing 
physicians.     In  October,  1836,  he  removed  with   his 
bride  to  the  then  recently  laid  out  City  of  Chica-o 
when  Its  population  was  but  about  three  thousand' 
Ihe  following  year  he  settled  on  a  claim  at  Bloiden 
III.,  but  a  few  years  after  removed  to  Vandalia,  where 
he  served  as  Deputy  Secretary  of  State  and  as  Private 
Secretary  of  Governor  Thomas  Curtin.     At  the  time 
the    capital    was    removed    to    Springfield,    he    re- • 
moved  thither,  and  acted  as  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  for  some  years.     Even  prior  to  this 
he  had  thought  much  of  applying  himself  to  the  study 


156 


ninnRAriitcAr.  ski-tchrs. 


of  medicine,  and  liad  in  a  quiet  way  made  some  pro- 
Rress  in  its  preliminary  stiulies.     In  1840  ho  attended 
his    first    course    of   lectures   at   the   Rush    Medical 
Coiletrc,    where    he    eventually    t,'raduatril    in    1845. 
His  name  is  borne  upon  the  roll  of  the  fust  class  of 
graduates  from  this  now  well  established  institution, 
From  1840  to  1851  he  resided  at  Helvidere  and  Ros^ 
coe,  III.     From  these  districts  he  served  twice  in  each 
as  a  member  of  the  LetrJslature,  and  was  also  Judge 
of  the  Probate  Court,  anil  Postmaster  at  Roscoe.     In 
185 1  he  cmit^ratcd  to  Minnesota,  and  took  up  his  res- 
idence at  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  Minneapolis, 
where  he  formed  a  copartnership  in  practice  with  Dr 
J.  H.  Murphy.     The  Doctor  soon  acquired  a  t'ood 
business,  and  was  fully  employed  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death.      In  1861-62  he  delivered  a  course  of  lectures 
on  anatomy  and  hygiene  to  the  class  at  the  Minneap- 
olis High  School.     He  made  his  demonstration  from 
the  cadaver  before  the  class.     For  many  years  lie  was 
President  of  the  Hennepin  County  Medical  Society, 
and  was  exceedingly  popular  with  his  brethren  as  well 
as  with  the  public.      Pie  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Medical  Society,  and  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation ;  was  President  of  the  Alumni  A-ssociation  of 
Rush  Medical  College,  and  honorary  member  of  the 
California  State  Medical  Society.     Besides  these  he 
belonged  to  a  number  of  benevolent  societies,  among 
them  the  Masons  and  Knights  of  Pythias.     He  was  a 
close  observer  and  kept  notes  of  much  of  his  practice, 
some  of  which  have  been  published  in  the  medical 
journals.  He  was  a  good  public  speaker  and  a  forcible 
writer.     It  is  understood  that  he  was  in  the  habit  of 


some  pro- 
c  attended 
\\   Medical 

in    1845. 
rst  class  o( 
nstitutiun, 
and  Ros- 
cc  in  each 
Iso  Jud{^c 
iscoe.      In 
ip  his  rcs- 
iineapolis, 
-•  vvitli  Dr. 
d  a  good 
imcof  his 
f  lectures 
Minneap- 
tion  from 
rs  he  was 
1  Society, 
m  as  well 
the  State 
cal  Asso- 
ciation of 
ler  of  the 
these  he 
:s,  among 
He  was  a 
practice, 

medical 

1  forcible 

habit  of 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MI-DICAF.    ASSOCtATION.         157 

keeping  notes  of  all  his  iniportant  cases  and  has  left 
valuable  records  of  his  large  obstetric  practice.  He 
was  a  man  uf  pleasant  and  genial  manners,  well  in- 
formed and  (juite  a  good  conversationalist.  We  were 
occupants  of  the  same  car  from  San  I-Vancisco  to 
Omaha,  on  our  return  from  California,  ami  the  whole 
company  was  charmed  with  the  intelligence  and  genial 
pleasant  manners  of  the  Doctor. 

ARMSHV.  JAMKS  FI..  M.  D.  of  Albany.  N.  Y.. 
born  in  the  town  of  Sutton,  Worcester  Co..  Mass    De- 
cember 31.  1809,  died  suddenly  of  congestion  of  the 
lungs  complicated  with  angina  pectoris,  at  his  resi- 
dence, in  Albany,  1  )ecember  3,  1 875.     He  was  the  only 
son  among  six  children.     1 1  is  boyhood  was  passed  on 
his  father's  farm  and  in  attending  the  common  school.s 
of  the  neighborhood,  where  he  acquired  his  prelimi- 
nary education,  after  which  he  spent  some  years  at 
the  Worcester  anil  Monson  Academies.      Being  of  a 
studious  disposition,  he  made  more  than   ordinarily 
rapid  progress.     He  had  free  use  of  the  public  library 
in    his  native  town,    of  which  he   was  one   of   the 
officers  and  fo.mders.     But  a  few  years  since,  retain- 
ing a  pleasant  recollection  of  the  advantages  he  had 
derived  from  this  library,  he  presented  it  with  several 
hundred    volumes    from    his     own    collection.      In 
1830.  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  in  Albany 
with  his  brother-in-law.  Dr.  Alden  March,  who  was 
then  engaged  in  active  practice,  and  at  the  same  time 
a  lecturer  in  the  Academy  of  Medicine,  at  Castleton. 
Vt.     While  studying  medicine  he  also  perfected  him- 
self m  a  knowledge  of  the  classics. 


i;8 


moORAI'IIICAL   SKETCIIKS. 


I  he  Doctor  was  a  laborious  and  enthusiastic  stu- 
dent, and  rapi.lly  acquired  an  accurate  knowledge  ol 
anatomy  ;x,u\  physiolojry,  making  many  neat  dissec- 
tions  and  injections  ol  the  soft  tissues.       His  fre„i„s 
and  proficiency  in  this  direction  led  to  tlie  foundin.' 
of  the  Anatomical  Museum  at  Albany.     These  quali- 
ties and  his  ability  as  an  anatomist  .soon  jx.inted  him 
out  as  the  Chi.  f  Assistant  to  IVofcssor  March,  whose 
phicc  he  occasionally  occupied  in  the  lecture-room. 
In  1832,  he  was  appointed  Resident  Physician  in  the 
Cholera  Hospital  in  Albany,  which  position  he  filled 
witli  ability,  making'  many  post  mortems  of  cholera 
patients.     I  Ic  graduated  in  medicine  at  Castleton,  Vt., 
in    1833,  and  was  cho.sen  valedictorian  to  the  class.' 
His  thesis  was  read  by  direction  of  the  faculty  at  the 
commencement,  as  an  expression  of  their  appreciation 
of  Its  worth.     He  returned  the  nest  lecture-term  as 
Profe.s.sor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  this  college 
and  continued  to  lecture  for  six  years  in  these  branches' 
One  of  his  first  public  enterpri.ses  in  Albany  was  his 
effort  to  establish  a  college  in  that  city.      In  1833,  in 
co-operation  with  his  preceptor,  Dr.  March,  he  opened 
a  private  medical  school,  known  as  the   March  and 
Armsby  School  of  Anatomy  and  Surgery,  which  was 
successfully  conducted  until  superseded,  in    183S.  by 
the  organization  of  the  Albany  Medical  College,  in 
which  he  was  appointed  to  the  Chair  of  Anatomy  and 
Physiology  and   Dean  of  the   Faculty.     While  con- 
nected with  the  Vermont  school,  he  gave  more  than 
forty  lectures  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  alone,  which  were  at- 
tended by  the  physicians  and  leading  citizens  of  the 
city. 


Jsiastic  stu- 
lowlcdjje  of 
icat  clisscc- 

U'\H    fJCMlillS 

0  foiiiulin^; 
hcsc  quali- 
ointcd  liim 
ircli,  whose 
-•tuiv-rooni. 
cian  in  the 
n  he  filled 
of  cholera 
itietoii,  Vt, 

the  class, 
ulty  at  the 
l)I)rociation 
ire- term  as 
lis  collej^e, 
-  branches, 
ly  was  his 
n  1833,  in 
he  opened 
larch  and 
,vhich  was 

1838,  by 
I!ollegc,  in 
itomy  and 
Hiile  con- 
nore  than 

were  at- 
;ns  of  the 


KOIKV    MOUNTAtN    MKr>rCAL  ASSOCIATION.         1 59 

Ills  popularity  and  proficiency  at  th^  thn«>  vMl«M> 
pcci.iliy  manifested    |,y  the  fact   of   his  havinfj  been 
solicited  to  fleliver  lectures  in  Albany,  IJtica,  Schenec- 
tady, and  other  cities,  which   he  occasionally  did  for 
sonic  years,  and  until  his  professional  duties  become 
so  laborious  and  e.x.actin-,'  as  to  demand  all  his  time. 
Ills  lectures   were,  I    believe,   the   first   illustrated  by 
actual  dissections  of  the  human  body  ever  delivered 
before  a  ixomiscuous  audience  in  our  country.    This 
course  was  really  the  be^n„,ii„^,  of  the  All)a!i)'  Meilical 
Colle^je,  and  did  much  to  overcome  prejudices  aj^jainst 
dissections  of  the  human  body.     Through  his  effm  is 
$10,000  was   raised  and  the  medical  institution  fully 
or^Muized.     In    1839  he  visited   luirope  to  study  the 
medical  institutions  of  the  (JId  World,  and  he  brcui^dit 
with  him  on   his  return  experience,  ami  a  complete 
outfit  for  the  lecture-room.     He  was  a  great  encour- 
a-or   of  young  artists,  and   did  much  to  .secure  the 
founiling  of  the  Albany  AcaiJemy  of  Arts.     In   1841 
he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Anna   L.  1  lawley,  who 
died  in  1846,  leaving  him  a  .son  and  a  daughter.  '  The 
son  is  now  an  honored  member  of  our  profession,  but 
the  daughter  died  in  infancy.     In    1845    he  madJ  his 
second  visit  to  ICurope  for  the  further  purpose  of  im- 
provement, and  acquainting  himself  with  medical  in- 
stitutions and  appliances.    As  early  as  1 830  the  Doctor 
had  advocated  the  establishment  of  a  hospital  in  Al- 
bany.    He  continued  his  efforts  to  forward  this  pro- 
ject, which  were  eventually  crowned   with  success  in 
1848.     This  was  the  first  hospital  in  Albany  having 
amphitheatre   and   facilities   for    clinical    in.st"'ji  n. 
This  and  the  college  were  his  pet  institution.s,  and  re- 


i5o 


BIOGKAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


ii.' 


aikji.. 


'  ^ 


ce.ved  from  him  the  most  earnest  and  untiring  efforts 
for  then-  usefulness.     He  was  also  an  early  advocate 
for  the  OS  ab hsh-nent  of  a   university  of  learning  i„ 
Albany,  which  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  fully 
organized  in  1852,  when  a  law  school  and  an  observa 
tory  were    founded.     These  were  in  ,873.  by  an  act 
ot  the  Legislature,  incorporated  with  the  Union  Col- 
lege of  Schenectady  as  departments  of  Union  Univer- 
sity     In  1 86 1  he  was  appointed  United  States  Consul 
at  Naples.  Italy,  and  repaired  to  his  post  of  duty  at 
once.     On  his  return  to  Albany  he  resumed  his  busy 
round  of  practice,  and  his  former  position  in  the  col- 
lege   as    teacher.      During  the  late  war  he   was  ap- 
po.nted  by  the  United  States  Government  Surgeon  in 
Charge  of  the  Ira  Harris  United  States  Military  Hos 
pital,  Its  inmates  often  numbering  two  thousand      He 
performed  many  capital  operations  and  made  numer- 
ous cast,  and  photographs  of  cases,  as  his  contribution 
o    he  Medical  and  Surgical  History  of  the  War  can 
testify.     On  the  demise  of  Professor  March,  in  i86g 
he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  college 
a  position  which  he  continued  to  fill  most  ably  and 
acceptably  to  the  close  of  his  life.     On  the  death  of 
Dr.  James  McNaughton,  which   occurred  June    11 
1874.  he  was  elected   President  of  the  Faculty      In 
1852  he  was  married  to  his  second  wife.  Sarah  Winne 
who  survives  him.  ' 

Dr  A.  received  honor  ny  degrees  from  quite  a  num- 
ber of  mstitutions.  That  of  A.  M.  was  conferred  on 
h.m  by  the  Rochester  University,  and  by  Rutgers 
College.  New  Jersey,  in  1841.  He  was  elected  to 
honorary  membership  in  the  Natural  History  Society 


tiring  efforts 
irly  advocate 
learning  in 
seeing  fully 
1  an  observa- 
3.  by  an  act 
:  Union  Col- 
lion  Univer- 
tates  Consul 
t  of  duty  at 
ed  his  busy 
n  in  the  col- 
he   was  ap- 
Surgeon  in 
ilitary  Hos 
usand.     He 
ade  numer- 
:ontribution 
le  War  can 
:h,  in  1869, 
the  college, 
3t  ably  and 
le  death  of 
I  June    II, 
iculty.     In 
rah  Winne, 

lite  a  nuni- 
nferred  on 
y  Rutgers 
elected  to 
ry  Society 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         l6l 

of  Yale  College  and  in  the  Natural  History  Society  of 
New  Orleans.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Albany  City 
and  County  Medical  Society,  of  the  New  York  State 
Medical  Society,  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society.     He  was  President  of  the  Staff  of 
Lhe  hospital.  Chief  Surgeon  and  Trustee  of  the  Dud- 
Ie>'  Observatory,  and  trustee  of  the  Female  Academy 
and  of  Union  College.     He  devised  a  new  and  orig- 
inal instrument  (for  the  radical  cure  of  hernia),  which 
involved  principles  not  at  that  time  recognized  by  the 
profession.     The  Doctor  had  traveled  much  and  was 
a  close  observer  of  men  and  things,  and  his  trip  to 
California  was,  therefore,  to  him  and  to  those  in  his 
company  one  of  great  pleasure.     He  was  quite  mag- 
netic in  his  manner  and  agreeable  in  conversation,  al- 
ways delighting  those  who  enjoyed  acquaintance  with 
him.     By  a  long  life  devoted  to  medical  science  and 
public  good,  he  has  left  an  imperishable  monument  in 
the  institution  he  assisted  in  founding  in  Albany  and 
the  lustre  he  has  added  to   the   profession.      As  a 
teacher  and  a  surgeon  he  stood  in  the  very  front  rank 
of  American  physicians.     He  had  a  most  thorough 
familiarity  with  the  anatomy  of  the  human  body,  and 
his  dexterity,  courage,  and  coolness  in  an  operation 
were  perfect.     Although  his  pathological  specimens 
fill  a  cabinet,  no  list  of  his  operations  has  been  made. 
He  was  no  less  happy  and  successful  as  a  lecturer  be- 
fore the  medical  class  than  in  presence  of  a  public  as-  . 
sembly.     But  when  it  is  remembered  that  he  delivered 
over  fifty  courses  of  lectures,  this  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered at.     The  Doctor  has  written  but  little,  though 


1 62 


mOGRAPIIICAL   SKETCIIF.S. 


he  was  a  ready  and  perspicuous  author.  The  transac- 
tions of  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society,  and  tlie 
current  journals  contain  his  additions  to  medical  liter- 
ature. It  is  to  be  regretted  that  he  did  not  write  more. 
Albany  has  been  fa\'ored  with  many  eminent  medical 
men,  but  none  have  lived  or  died  in  that  city  who 
have  done  so  much  for  medicine  or  whose  fame  will 
prove  more  enduring  than  that  of  Dr.  AuMsiiy. 

ASDALE,  WILLIAM  JAMES,  M.  D.,  of  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa.,  was  born  in  Clinton,  Allegheny  Co  Pa 
August  25,  1842.  He  is  the  eldest  of  five  children 
of  Alexander  and  Nancy  (Connell)  A.sdale,  natives  of 
Londonderry  Co.,  Ireland.  His  father  died  in  i860; 
his  mother  is  living,  and  resides  with  him. 

Dr.  Asdale  attended  the  public  schobls  until  sixteen 
years  of  age;  he  then  began  teaching,  and  for  five 
years  taught,  during  the  winter-term  of  each  year  in 
the  schools  of  Independence  and  Hanover,  Beaver  Co 
Pa.;  meanwhile-  pursuing  his  .studies,  a  pupil,  dunng 
the  intervals,  at  Mansfield  Academy,  near  Pittsburgh 
Having    obtained  a  good  preliminary   education     in 
i860,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr 
John   Pollock,  of  Clinton.      Subsequently,  removing 
to  Pittsburgh,  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  A.  M.  Pol- 
lock, of  that  city,  under  whose  tuition  he  enjoyed  the 
advantages  of  being  Resident  Student  in  Mercy  Hos- 
pital, .serving  m  that  institution  as  interne  during  the 
years  1863  and  1864.      He  attended  medical  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Michigan  in   1864-65.  and  after- 
ward at  the  Rush  Medical  College,  in  Chicago.  Ills 
where  he  graduated  in  1866. 


ROCKY   MOU.  TA!:,    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATFON. 


163 


The  transac- 
iety,  and  the 
nodical  litei- 
t  write  more, 
lent  medical 
lat  city  who 
se  fame  will 
:Msuv. 

D.,  of  Pitts- 
-•ny  Co.,  Pa., 

ive  children 
e,  natives  of 
ed  in   i860; 

until  sixteen 

and  for  five 

ach  year,  in 

Beaver  Co., 

upil,  during 

Pittsburgh. 

lucation,   in 

le  with  Dr. 

,  removing 

A.  M.  Pol- 

njoyed  the 

ercy  Ho.s- 

during  the 

al  lectures 

and  after- 

cago,  Ills., 


In  Ajjril  of  the  latter  year  he  commenced  practice 
in  Pittsburgh,  where  he  has  continued  to  reside,  and 
has   acquired  a   good    and    remunerative    patronage. 
Klcctcd  in  1872  as  one  of  the  Staff  Physicians  of  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  he  has  served  regu- 
larly ever  since.    Formerly  associated  with  the  Church 
Guild  Dispensary  of  Pittsburgh  (now  extinct),  he  has 
been,  since  its  organization,  one  of  the  physicians  of 
the  Pittsburgh  Free  Dispensary,  and  is  at  present  one 
of  the  board  of  managers  of  this  in.stitution  as  well  as 
one  of  the  consulting  .staff.     His  politics  are   of  the 
strongly-marked  Democratic  order.    Notwithstanding, 
he  was  twice  the  successful  candidate  in  a  district 
where  the  opposition  were  usually  largely  in  majority, 
Iv.    representing   the    Twelfth    Ward,    Pittsburgh,    in 
Select  Council  of  that  city  in  the  years  1 87 1  and  1872. 
Ho  has  been  a  member  of  the  O'Hara  School  Board 
of  Directors  from  1871  to  the  present  time.     In  1875, 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Pittsburgh  Board  of 
Health,  and  is  its  present  Secretary.     To  his  talents 
and  industry  the  increased  efficiency  of  this  depart- 
ment in  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  is  largely  due.    He  has 
constantly  and  assiduously  labored  in  the  interests  of 
his  profession  and  for  the  public  welfare,  and  is  recog- 
nized in  the  community  where  he  resides  as  one  of  the 
most  active  in  endeavoring  to  secure  enactments  such  as 
shall  best  serve  to  promote  the  standard  of  medical 
education  and  protect  the  public  against  the  evils  of 
ignorance  and  incompetency.      His  efforts  to  secure 
the  establishment  of  sanitary  survey,  and  registration 
of  vital  statistics  in  his  state,  deserve  special  mention, 
as  he  was  one  of  the  earliest  to  recommend  such  ac- 


164 


BIOfiKAPHICAI.   SKETCHES. 


ll.t 


I; 


tmn  and  urge  ,ts  importance  upon  the  Legislature  and 
the  people,  and  nothing  daunted  by  repeated  faihires 
•st.ll  perseveres.     The  Doctor  has  made  a  number  of 
interesting  contributions    to  medical    h'terature    pre 
sented  before  the  various  societies  of  which  he  is  a 
member;  among  these,  in  1871,  was  a  paper  on  "Em- 
bolism of  tile  Pophtea!  Artery."  read  before  the  Alle- 
gheny County  Medical  Society;  also,  in  1874.  a  paper 
on      Leucocytha^nnia,"  and    one  on   "Perityphlitis" 
In  187s  he  contributed  to  the  Mott  Medical  Societva 
paper  on  "  Puerperal  Fever."  and  another  on  "  Fever 
and  Its  Treatment ;"  in  1 876,  he  presented  to  the  same 
society  a  paper  on  "Conservative  Medicine;"  also  in 
the  same  year  one  on  "  Scarlet  Fever,"  read  before  Ihe 
Pittsburgh  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  one  on  "Vacci- 
nat,on..mv«  Small-Pox;"  the  latter  was  published  by 
order  of  the  Board  of  Health.  He  is  an  active  and  influ- 
ential member  of  the  Allegheny  Co.,  Medical  Society 
and  was  its  Vice-President  in  ,875  ;  also  a  men.ber  of 
he  Mott  Medical  Society,  of  Pittsburgh;  member  of 
the  I  ittsburgh  Academy  of  Medicine  and  School  of 
Anatomy,  being  its  Vice-President  in  1876.  and  its  pre- 
sent Corresponding  Secretary;  member  of  the  Society 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Western  Pennsylvania;  member 
of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania;  mem- 
ber of   the   American    Public   Health  Association; 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  an 
honorary   member  of  the  California   State    Medical 
bocety.    He  was  married  October  12th.  1876,  to  Miss 
Rachel  daughterof  Joseph  Wallace,  of  Beaver  county 
Pennsylvania.  ^' 


legislature  and 
seated  failures, 
e  a  number  of 
iterature,  pre- 
which  he  is  a 
)aper  on  "  Km- 
:fore  the  Allc- 
1 874,  a  paper 
Peri  typhlitis." 
iical  Society  a 
ler  on  "  Fever 
d  to  the  same 
ine ;"  also,  in 
;ad  before  the 
tic  on  "Vacci- 
pubhshcd  by 
:ive  and  influ- 
Jical  Society. 
a  member  of 
;  member  of 
d  School  of 
i,  and  its  pre- 
f  the  Society 
lia;  member 
'ania ;  mem- 
\ssociation  ; 
tion,  and  an 
ite   Medical 
^76,  to  Miss 
iver  county, 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN'    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION.         1 65 

ATKINSON,  WILLIAM  BIDDLE,  M.  D.,  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  born  at  Haverford,  Delaware 
Co.,  Pa.,  June  21,  1832.  He  is  the  son  of  Isaac  S.  At- 
kinson, of  New  Jersey,  and  Mary  (Biddic)  Atkinson, 
of  Pennsylvania.  Mis  education  was  obtained  at  the 
Philadelphia  public  schools,  and  the  Philadelphia 
Central  ^—h  School,  from  the  latter  he  received  the 
degree  A.  i  in  1850,  and  that  of  A.  M.,  in  1855. 
He  comment  d  the  study  of  Medicine  in  1850,  and 
attended  three  full  courses  of  lectures  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.,  in  1853. 

While  studying  medicine  he  also  applied  himself 
to  the  .study  and  acquired  a  knowledge  of  French  and 
German  languages.  In  March,  1853,  he  opened  an 
office  at  215  Spruce  street,  Philadelphia,  but  which  in 
1867  he  removed  to  his  present  residence,  1400  Pine 
.street.  By  close  attention  to  business  he  has  ac- 
quired a  good  remunerative  practice,  and  has  at  the 
same  time  done  a  very  large  amount  of  labor  as  sec- 
retary of  various  medical  organizations  and  of  editor- 
ial work  for  joui  ils  and  other  medical  publications. 
He  performed  the  duties  of  editor  in  the  department 
assigned  to  obstetrics  and  the  diseases  of  women  and 
children,  in  the  Medico- Chinirgical  Review,  published 
in  Philadelphia,  by  S.  D.  Gross,  from  1858  to  i860, 
and  was  at  one  time  co-editor  of  the  Medical  and 
Surgical  Reporter. 

On  the  change  of  regulations  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  in  1864,  providing  for  a  Perma- 
nc  >t  Secretary,  Dr.  Atkinson  was  elected  to  that  office, 
whieh  he  still  fills,  and  upon  him  falls  the  chief  labor 
of  superintending  the  editing  of  its  annual  volume  of 
Transactions. 


is 


1 66 


niOGRAPIIICAL   SKETCHES. 


ri,e  Doctor  .s  extensively  and  favorably  known  to 
the  profe.s.s,on  throughout  the   United  States  T  , , 
dcvofon  to  US  interests,  and  is  personally  acqu.in 
w.tT.thc  leading  medical  ..en/fron.  hisV^i:'.;" 
Permanent  Secretary  of  the  American  Medical  Asso 
c.at.on  and  has  made  a  favorable  impression  through 
h.s  contnbut,ons  to  medical  literature.     His  work  en- 
ftled     Hmts  ,n  Obstetric  Procedure."  has  had  a  c- 
servedly  large  sale.  In  i8;s  he  edited  the /7«W./;,/«', 
M.uual Rc^^sicr  and  Directory.     He  has  now  in  prep! 
aration  a  biographical  dictionary  of  the  leading  med 
•cal   men  of  the  United  States,  which  doubtless  will 
ZIZT"''^."  circulation,  and  prove  a  valuable 
work  to  the  profession.     In  March.  1877.  he  was  in 
pomtcd  to  fill  the  chair  of  Diseases  of  C^i^ld  e^        e 
Jcfterson  Med.cal  College.      He  is  a  member  of  th 
Northern  Med.cal  Association,  and  has  been  it^  Sec- 
retary and  Vice-President  and  its  President  in'i868 
Anactivemember  of  the  Philadelphia  County  anH  r,>v 
Med.cal  Soc.cty.  from  ,857  to  1869  he  was  its  Secre'- 
tary;    also    .served   as    Vice-Pre.sident    and    was    its 
Pres.dent  .n  ,  873.     He  was  elected  Permanent  Secre- 
tary to  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Pennsylva- 
nia .n   1863,  a  position  which  he   still   holds.     The 
Ph.laddph,a  Obstetrical  Society.  Corresponding  mem- 
ber of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston,  Honorary 
Member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society  the 
Alumn.  Associatiou  of  Jefferson  Medical  College 'and 

Tr^M  '1  'T"''r  '^'""""^^  ^'"^^  ^'^  organiza'tion. 
In  March.  1877.  by  appointment,  he  delive.ed  the 
Annual  Address  before  this  body  on  "Medical  Or- 
ganizations and  their  Value."  published  by  the  associ- 


My  known  to 
States  for  his 
'ly  acquai.nterj 
is  position  as 
Medical  Asso 
•ssion  through 

His  work  en- 
las  had  a  de- 
e  Philadelphia 

now  in  prep- 
leading  nied- 
Joubtless  will 
'e  a  valuable 
%  he  was  ap- 
^ildren  in  the 
;mber  of  the 
been  it?  Sec- 
ient  in  1868. 
JntyanH  Titv 
i^as  its  Secre- 
ind    was    its 
lanent  Secre- 
•f  Pennsylva- 
holds.     The 
)nding  mem- 
n,  Honorary 
Society,  the 
College,  and 
)rganization. 
iliveied   the 
VIedital  Or- 
'  the  associ- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         167 

ation.  In  1874,  by  appointment,  he  delivered  the 
Annual  Address  in  Obstetrics  before  the  Medical  So- 
ciety of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  published  in  Trans- 
actions for  that  year,  and  also  in  pamphlet  form.  Since 
1S63,  he  has  been  Physician  to  the  Department  of 
Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children  in 
the  Howard  Hospital  of  Philadelphia. 

His  first  course  of  lectures  on  Obstetrics  was  de- 
livered in  1858.  In  i860,  he  was  appointed  as- 
sistant to  the  Chair  of  Obstetrics  and  the  Diseases  of 
Women  and  Children  in  Pennsylvania  Medical  College 
and  Chief  of  the  Gyn.xcological  Clinic,  which  he 
held  till  this  school  was  closed  in  1 861, 

In  addition  to  his  lectures  at  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, he  gives  instruction  to  private  classes  on  ob- 
stetrics. 

In  1857  Dr.  Atkinson  was  married  to  Jennie  Reed 
Peterson.  She  died  April  15,  187 1,  leaving  an  infant 
sonv William  Patterson,  aged  two  years. 

Hi.^  visit  to  California  was  made  under  very  painful 
circumstances— owing  to  the  recent  death  of  his  wife. 
While  there  he  visited  the  Yosemite  Valley,  the  Gey- 
sers, and  other  places  of  interest  on  the  Pacific  Slope. 

His  contributions  to  literature  in  addition  to  those 
mentioned,  have  been  reports  and  papers,  among 
which  are:  "  Evidences  of  Life  in  the  Newly  Delivered 
Child"  {JMidical  and  Surgical  Reporter,  1873),  re-pub- 
lished in  full  in  the  Dublin  Hospital  Gazette  and  in  the 
Obstetrical  Journal  of  Great  Biitain,  American  re- 
print; "Chloral  in  Obstetrics"  {Medical  and  Surgi- 
cal Reporter,  1875),  and  other  articles  devoted  to  his 
specialty. 


li 


\ 


\ 


1 68 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


pha    la.    was  bom  at    Lancaster.  Pa..  February  - 
1808.        lie    wa.s    the   younj^est   of  six    children   of 
W.lham  P.tt  Atlee.  Plsc,..  of  Lancaster.     Kis  patcnn 

gn.nc.^ter.    lion.  Wi.iian,  Augustus  Atiee.'^^ 
a  tyeUh,,.  dunng  the  Revolutionary  war.  and  on 
of  the   jud,.es  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvan  a 
from   ,;;;  until  his  death  in    1793.       His    n4ern 
grandfather.  Maj.  John  Light,  was  an  officer  in  the 
Revolut.onary   Army.      At   the    age    of   seven    hi.s 
fa  her   died,  after  wh.ch    he  was    under    the  care  of 
h.s   grandparents.     At    fourteen    jx-ars    of  age.    after 
completing  t  e  ordinary  routine  of    Knglislf  studie 
afforded  by  the  schools  of  Lancaster,  he  was  placed 
an    a    dry    goods    and    grocery    store.      Beco.ning 
dissatisfied  at  the  end  of  fifteen  months,  he  left  that 
and  unmediately  engaged  as  a  medical  stuc'ent  u„der 
the  preceptorship    and    in    the    family  of  his    oldest 
brother  Dr.  John  Light  Atlee.  of  Lancaster,  who  is 
st.ll   (January.  1878,)   living   and    in  active  practice. 
Reeling  the  great  need    of  a  classic.!  education,  he 
devoted  a  large  portion  of  his  time  during  the  first 
wo  years  to  the  study  of  languages  under  private 
tutors,  and  also  engaged  in  the  study  of  the  natural 
sciences,    and   philosophy.       Duiing   the  last   three 
years  of  his  medical  pupilage,  he  spent  much  of  his 
time  m  the  Lancaster  County  Hospital,  and  in  prac- 
tice among  the  poor  of  the  city,  and  as  an  evidence 
of  the  extent  of  his  clinical   advantages   it   may  be 
stated  that  before  l,e  had  finished  his  medical  edu- 
cation he  had  attended  forty  cases  of  obstetrics      He 
was  very  fond  of  practical  anatomy,  and  gave  much 


■  Ifr 


,  of  Philaclel- 
Fcbruary  22, 

chiklien   of 
If  is  paternal 
Ult-e,  was   an 
war,  and  one 
Pennsylvania 
tis    maternal 
'fficer  in  the 
'    seven    his 
the  care  of 
'f  age.    after 
;lish  studies 
was  placed 

Becoiiiing 
he  left  that 
ic'pn'c  under 
his   oldest 
iter,  who  is 
•^e  practice, 
ication,  he 
ig  the  first 
ler  private 
he  natural 
last  three 
uch  of  his 
d  in  prac- 
i  evidence 
t   may  be 
dical  edu- 
trics.     He 
ivo  much 


KOCKV    MOUNTAIN    MKDIC.M.   ASMKIATION.         ,69 

attention  to  the  dissection  of  animal  an.l  human  bodies 
the  latter  being  always  procurable  at  this  hospital    He 

attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures  it  thn   I,  fr 
,,    ,.     ,  f-  w  •       .  '^<-niies  ai  tiie  Jefferson 

Medical  College,  m  the  winter  of  1826-2;  and  1828- 
29.  and  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1829.       His  thesis 
was  on  '-Parotitis  Gangrenosa."  a  title  of  his  own  and 
a  suf,ect  furnished  in  his  own  experience.      While  ir. 
I  liil.ulelphia  attending  the  sessions  of  the  collet  he 
was  by  invitation  a  private  pupil  of  George  McClellan. 
D    I  rofessor  o    Surgery.     During  the  summer  of 
827-2S   he  actively  pursued   the  practical   study  of 
botany,  and  was  a  correspondent  of  Dr.  William  P  C 
13arton.  then  Profe.ssor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Hotany 
■n  Jefferson  Medical  College.    He  collected  about  fou^ 
hundred  spec,n,en.s  of  Lancaster  county  plants  into 
the    form    of   an    herbarium,    accompanied    with    a 
written    description  of  each  plant.       His   collection 
vvas  subsequently  presented  to  the   Linnean  Society 
of  Penn.sylvama    College  at  Gettysburg.  Pa.      Soon 
after  graduation  he  located  in    Mount   Joy.  a  smill 
village    in     his    native  county,    twelve     miles    from 
Lancaster.     While  here  he  originated  a  temperance 
society,  and  a  lyceum  ;  delivered  a  lecture  on   tem- 
perance   which  was  published;  also  lectures  on  the 
great    display   of   falling  stars.  November,   ,8^r    a 
course  of  lectures  on  botany,  and  read  several  miscel- 
aneous  papers  before  the  lyceum.     April   15    18^0 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Ann  Eliza  Hoff,  daughter  of 
John  Hoff.  Esq..  of  Lancaster.    The  is,ue  of  this  mar-     ' 
r.age  was  ten  children  the  youngest  having  been  born 
n  the  fan  of  ,844.     Six  of  them  survive-Kate,  wife 
of  David  Burpee,  M.  D.;  Mary,  wife  of  Thomas  M 


i;o 


mOGRAPIIICAL  SKETCHES. 


Drysdale,  M.  D.;  l-lliza,  wife  of  John  Shcaff,  Ksq.; 
Mar^Mixt  n.  Atlcr ;  VVasliiiiK'ton  I..  Atlcc.  M.  D.;  and 
Cliailc's  I,.  Alice,  Ksq. 

In  the  autumn  of  1834  In-  removed  to  Lancaster,  his 
native  place.     I  Ic  was  soon  elected  to  the  staff  of  ],aii- 
caster  County  Hospital,   and  in  1837  was  appointed 
Ireasurer  to  the  Comtni.ssioners  of  Lancaster  County. 
For  several    successive    years   he    delivered  regular 
courses  of  lectures  on  clicmistry  to  private  classes, 
and  one  public  course  to  the  Mechanics'  Institute  of 
Lancaster.     He  was  also  active  in  orij^inatinj;  an  asso- 
ciation  called  "The  Lancaster  Conservatory  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,"  before  which  he  gave  a  course  of  lec- 
tures on  hygiene,  brsides  other  scientific  and  miscel- 
laneous lectures.     At  the  time  of  the  execution  of  the 
murderer  Moselman,  he  made  out   a  programme  of 
experiments  to  be  performed  upon  his  body,  which 
was    carried    out  with  eminent   success.       lie    also 
aided  actively  in  establishing  the  Lancaster  County 
Medical   Society.       Having   received    an    invitation 
in    1844  to   fill  the  chair  of  Medical  Chemistry   in 
the    Medical   Department   of  Pennsylvania    College 
at    Philadelphia,    lie    made    a    temporary     arrange- 
ment   to    lecture    during  the  ensuing    session.     Af- 
terwards   accepting    the    position    permanently,    he 
removed   his  family   to   Philadelphia   in    the  fall  of 
1845,  and    continued   his  connection  with  the    Col- 
lege until  the  spring  of  1852.      During   this  period 
the  practice  of  his  profession   grew  so  much  upon 
him  that  he  found  the  joint  labors  too  great.      He 
therefore  resigned    his   professorship,  and    has  ever 
since   devoted    himself   actively   and   solely  to   the 


!.»i^¥* 


Slicaff,    I'-Sq.; 
:,  M.  D.;  and 

.ancastcr,  Ins 
staff  of  I.aii- 
IS  appointed 
ster  County, 
jrcd  regular 
vatc  classes, 
Institute  of 
ting  an  asso- 
ory  of  Arts 
lurso  of  lec- 
and  niiscel- 
ution  of  the 
jgranime  of 
>ody,  which 
He    also 
iter  County 
1     invitation 
icmistry   in 
lia    College 
{     arrange- 
'ssion.     Af- 
inently,    he 
the  fall  of 
li   the    Col- 
this  period 
iiuch  upon 
freat.      He 
I    has  ever 
:ly  to   the 


KOCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAI.   ASSOCIATION. 

pmctlce  of  medicine   and    surgery,     In    1853,   at  a 
m.  .^ing  of  the   American   Medical  Associaion'  held 
in  tlie  city  of  New  York,  he  competed  for  one  of  the 
prizes.      Twelve  essays  were  presented  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  Volunteer  Communications  contesting  for 
this  honor,  and  his  paper  was  one  of  two  to  which  it 
was  awarded.    He  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the 
riiiladelphia  County  Medical  Society,  of  the  Medical 
.Society   of  the   State   of  Pennsylvania,   and   of  the 
American   Medical   Association,  and  still  retains  his 
nicn.bership  in  each.     He  has  always  been  a  general 
practitioner,  but  latterly  has  been  forced  to  relinquish 
obstetrics,  and  is  fully  occupied  in  the  treatment  of 
the  diseases  of  females.     He  is  perhaps  best  known 
to  the  profession   for  his  operations  of  ovariotomy. 
At  this  time  (January,  j«;8)  it  is  believed  that  the 
number  of  his  operations  exceeds  that  of  any  other 
surgeon  in  this  country,  and  with  one  exception  in 
the  world.     They  amount  to  three  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-eight.    The  following  schedule  embraces  a  list 
of  most  of  his  papers  and  lectures: 

"  f>.i  the  Ergot  of  Wheat,"  published  in  Columbia  Spy   1830 
•■On  certain  Cavities  in  Quart/,"  American  Journal  of  Science  and 
Arts.  1837. 

•' Case  of  Hydrophobia,"  American  Medical  Intelligencer  iSjo- 
also.n  the  Transactions  of  American  Medical  Association  1856  • 
also  in  pamphlet  form ,  with  comments  on  Stoy's  Cure.  See  oam- 
phlet.  *^ 

"Case    of   Small-pox,  contagion    apparently    conveyed  by    letter" 
American  Journal  Medical  Science,  1840. 

"Report  on  a  series  of  experiments  (instituted  by  Washington  L 
Atlee.  M.  D.),  made  by  the  Medical  Faculty  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  on 
the  body  of  Henry  Cobler  Moselman,  executed  in  the  jail  yard  of 
Lancaster  county.  Pa.,  on  the  20th  of  December,  1839." 


I7a 


mOGKAPiiicAI.  sKETCi.; 


"  Meleorological  Kc|«.ri  "  f„r  18J9,  1840.  1841.  184J.  1S4J, 

••  A  review  ..f  Shfr«„.,,i',  Tl.cry  „f  Tcrrctinl  Magncli.m/      |-u|,. 

lie  I.f(lj{cr,  t)f  l'hila(l«-l|.hin,  1841. 
"  A  cane  of  0.n«cniial  Tunu.r  cum|...,e<l  of  many  cy.U."     Ame rican 

Journal  of  Medical  Sticiicc,  1845. 
••A    caw  of  Mulluuiim    awuciated    with    Fihro  cellulur    ccyslcd 

Tumor    and    cnccphalold  disease."     American    Journal  Medical 

Science,  184J, 

•'  A  case  of  Ovariotomy."  American  l-urnal  of  Medical  Menc, 
1844.  *• 

"Two  ca«os  of  Perineal  operation  on  llic  Urethra;  in  one  cn«e 
to  relieve  traumatic  stricture ;  .uid  in  the  other  to  restore  the  cyclic' 
portion  of  the  canal,  which  had  hoen  completely  obliterated  "  Jii/ 
1844. 

"  A  case  of  succis-ful  extirpation  of  a  fil.roid  Tumor  of  the  Uterm 

by  the  lar^e  peritoneal  section."    /(«/</,,  1845. 
"  A  tnhular  »ynop»iH  of  one  hundred  and   one  operations  of  ovarj. 

otomy."     /it',/.,  1845. 

"  On  the  cause  of  Malaria."  The  Mcdiciil  Examiner  and  Rccrd 
of  Medical  Science,  1846. 

"  Two  cases  of  protracted  (lesf^tion."  American  Journal  of  Medical 
Medical  Science,  1846. 

'<  Dr.  VV.  1..  Atlee  vs.  Lancaster  County."  (A  suit  brought  to 
test  the  right  to  compensation  for  makinR  n  post-mortem  examina- 
tion at  the  request  of  the  coroner.)     /iij.,  1846. 

'•On  the  Philosophy  of  Storms."  .5  Nos.  Literal^  Recorder 
and  Journal  of  the  Linnaian  Association  of  Pennsylvania  College 
1846-47.  "  ' 

"Excision  of  the  Cervix  Uteri  for  Carcinom.itous  Disease." 
American  Journal  Medical  Science,  1848. 

"  Ovarian  Dropsy  cured  by  the  long  abdominal  incision  in  1701  " 
/6i,/.,  1849.  ■ 

"  Three  cases  of  Ovariotomy."  /N,/.,  1849,  1850. 

"  Analysis  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-nine  cases  of  Ovariotomv  " 
/*/V/.,  1850. 

"Cases  of  Erysipelas  following  vaccination."  Transactions  of 
the  College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia,  1850. 

"  Improvement  in  the  operation  for  excision  of  the  upper  jaw- 
bone."    Transactions  Aitreiican  Medical  Association,  1850. 

"  On  Anseslhetic  Agents."     J61W.,  1850. 


iK'HiiKm/      Pull. 

ft:"     Amtricnn 

;elluli(r  c'ic)<iei| 
Journal  Mcihcal 

Modicol  ^rlrnce, 

«;  in  one  cnse, 
citore  the  tyslic, 
lilernted."  JiiJ.] 

I'lr  of  the  Uteru« 

'ntions  of  ovari- 

icr  and    Record 

irnal  of  Medical 

suit  broutjht  to 
lortem  cxamina- 

;erai7  Recorder 
ylvania  College, 

tous    Disease." 

ision  in  1701." 

f  Ovariotomy." 

>ansactioni    of 

he  upper  jaw- 
n,  1850. 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MKDICAf.   ASSOCIATION.         I73 

••  A  lal.le  of  all    th«   known  operation*  of  Ovariotomy  from    1701   to 
1S51."     Compn,JnB  two  hundred  and  Iwenly-tw..  t  ,i,cs  and  givini/ 
a  nynnpiical  liislory  of  each  case. 
"A    Memoir  of    William  K.  Crnnt,   M.   I).,   I'rof.  of  Anat.imy    .d 
the  Medicil    |).-|Mriment   of  IV-nnnylvania  College,  with   a  notice 
of  \m  Ihc.ry  ol   |„.t.il   Circulali.m."     Transaction*  of  College  of 
Phyii'ia"'.  I'hilftdelphia,  185$.     AUo  pamjddet. 
'M»i.  the    T.eatment    of    certain     Fibroi.l     rum.irs  of  the    UteruH. 
l,cielor,.re  con-idered   heyond  the  re»ouice.  of  art."     (Hemi;   the 
ticatine  for  which  the  pri^e  for  the  year   1855  was  awarded  l.y  the 
American  Medical   A«oci.»tion.)     Tra.„acti..n.   American  Medical 
Association,  i8s,{.     Alio  in  pamphlet. 
"<-..u.s   .,f  irritation  of  the  JJIa.lder,   aiUing    from    vaiiou,   cau.ts 
n.  whuh  MydiaoKea  Arl.orcscen,  wa,  employed  as  a  remedy"  (and 
supplement).     New  Jersey  Medical  Reporter,  V,d.  vii. 
"  C:ast  of    lar^e    pleuritic   effusion    cured   by  Paracentesis    Thoracis 
and  suhseipieut  injections  of  lo.lme  into  the  cavity  of  the  I'leura." 
Ar.erican  Journal  of  Medical  .Science,  1858. 
"Ol.    I'lacentn    lYievia."      The    Medical    and    Surgical    Reporter, 

I'.uladelphia,  1858. 
".\<.»e  of  Vesicovaginal  Fistula."     American  Journal  of    Medi- 
cal Science,  i860.     Also  pamphlet. 

"On   Hernia."       The  Medical  and  Surjjical     Reporter.     I'hiladel- 
pliia,  1860. 

"  A  case  )f  Acute  puerperal  Tetanus."    /,;;/,/.,  ,860. 

'  A    new    cause   of     Vesico    Vaginal    Ki„„la."       Reply   to    Prof. 

"nckell.      Maryland  and  Virginia  Medical  Journal.  1861 
"  A   C.TSC   of  (^,uadruple    Uirth."      Medical   and  Surgical    Reporter. 

1  liiladelphi.a,  i860. 

"Arsenic  in   Cancer."       Transactions   American    .Medical    Associa- 
ii<*n|  I ooo, 

"(Correspondence  with    Prof.    White   in  relation  to   a    Uterine   Ki. 

l;ro.d."    U.ffalo  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  1869. 
'  -Numerous     cases   of  Ovariotomy,"   published    in    the    American 

.loi-rnal  of  Medical  Science,  and  in  the  Medical  Times  of  Philadel- 

phia. 

"A  new   clamp   in   Ovariotomy."       American  Journal   of  Medical 
Science,  1871. 

"  I'he  Uterine  Dilator."     /A,V.,  1871. 

"ll'e  use    of    ihe  speculum    in    the  diagnosis   and   tre.itment    of 


■-.Sffl 


174 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


diseases  of  the  Uterus,"  being  the  address  in  obstetrics  before  the 
Medical   Society  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.     Transactions  of 
Medical  Association  of  Pennsylvania  for  1872. 
"General   and  differential  diagnosis   of  Ovarian  Tumors   with   spe- 
cial reference  to  the  oper.ition  of  Ovariotomy."     i  Vol,     Published 
by  J.  B.  Lippinrott  &Co.     Philadelphia,  1873. 
"A   Retrospect  of  the   struggles    and  triumphs  of   Ovariotomy  in 
Philadelphia,"  being  the  annual   address  before  the  Philadelphia 
County  Medical  Society,  by  the  retiring  President,  in  1875.     Also 
pamphlet. 
"  Old  Physic  and  Young  P'lysic."      Being  the  annual  address  be- 
fore  the  Medical  Society  ot  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  by  the  Presi- 
dent in  1875.     Transactions  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1875.     Also  pamphlet. 
"A  female  with   double   organs   of  generation."      Transactions  of 

Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  1873.    Also  pamphlet. 
"  Reminiscences  of  the  earliest  days  of  Jefferson  Medical   College. 
An  address  delivered  before  the  Alumni  Association   of  the  Jeffer- 
son  Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia,  at  its  third  anniversary,  March 
nth,  1873.    Also  pamphlet. 

LECTURES,   ETC. 

A  paper  on  "  The  Treatment  of  Fibroids  of  the  Uterus."  Read  before 
the  "  International  Medical  Congress,"  September,  iS-^o.  Trans- 
actions  of  International  Medical  Congress,  Philadelphia. 

A  paper  on  "  Sarcoma  of  the  Ovaries."  Read  before  "  The  Ameri- 
can  Gynaecological  Society,"  Boston,  1S77.  Transactions  of  Ameri- 
can Gynaecological  Society. 

"An  address  on  Temperance,  before  the  Mount  Joy  Temperance 
Society,"  1831,  published  by  the  society. 

"  An  address  on  Temperance  before  the  Lancaster  City  Temper- 
ance  Society,"  1841.    Publi-;hed  by  the  society. 

"  On  the  relation  of  Chemistry  to  Medicine."  Introductory  ad- 
dress before  the  Medical  Class  of  Pennsylvania  Medical  College. 
Philadelphia,  1844.     Pamphlet. 

"  On  the  chemical  relations  of  the  human  body  with  surrounding 
objects."  Introductory  Address  before  class  of  1845.  Published 
by  the  class.     Pamphlet. 

"  Rules  for  the  formation  of  a  good  physician."  Valedictory  be- 
fore the  graduates  of  Jefferson  Medical  College,  1847.      Pamphlet. 


stetrics  before  the 
Transactions  of 

umors   with   spe- 
Vol.     Published 

'  Ovariotomy  in 
the  Philadelphia 
t,  in  1875.     Also 

nual  address  l>e- 
nin,  by  the  Presi- 
le  State  ofPenn- 

Transactions  of 
iphlet. 

ledical  College. 
<n  of  the  Jeffer- 
niversary,  March 


IS."    Read  before 

,  1 8/ 5.     Trans- 

Iphia. 

re  "  The  Ameri- 

ctions  of  Amtri- 

)y   Temperance 

r  City  Temper- 

itroductory  ad- 
edical   College, 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         1 75 

"Hints    for  the    guidance    and    benefit   of  the  Medical    Student" 
Introductory  address  before  the  class  of  1850.     Pamphlet 

"Physical   Education    the   only  solid  foundation   of  moral   and  in- 
tellectual  culture  and  development."     An  a  Idress  before  the  Lin- 
nxan   Association  of  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  Pa     i8ci 
I'amphlet.  '       •"   ' 

"Correction  of  the  erroneous   statements  of  Henry  H.  Smith   M   D 
published   in   the    Medical    Examiner,  January,  1855,  i„   relation 
to  a  case  of  Gastrotomy.  which  occurred  in   the  practice  of  W   I 
Atlee,  M.  D."     Pamphlet. 

"  A  course  of  Lectures  on  Botany,"  at  Mount  Joy,  1831. 

"  Two  Lectures  on  Falling  Stars  of  1833,"  at  Mount  Joy. 

"  Three  courses  of  Lectures  on  Chemistry."  to  private  classes  at 
Lancaster,  1835,  1836,  1837. 

"  A  course  of  Lectures  on  Chemistry,"  before  the  Mechanics'  In- 
stitute  of  Lancaster,  1837. 

"A  Lecture  on  Aerolites,"  before  the  Lyceum  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania  in  the  session  at  Lancaster. 

"A  course  of  Lectures  on  Hygiene,"  before  the  Lancaster  Con- 
servatory of  Arts  and  Sciences.  Lanc.-ister,  1840. 

"  An  experimental  course  of  Lectures  on  the  materials  used  for 
lllummation,"  before  the  citizens  of  Lancaster  about  forming  the 
Lancaster  City  Gas  Company,  1840. 

"Eight  courses   of    Lectures  on   Medical  Chemistry,"    in    Medical 
Department  of  Pennsylvania  College,  Philadelphia,  from  l844-'4S  "> 
i85i-'52  inclusive. 
"A    Lecture   on   Placenta     Prnevia,"    before    Philadelphia    county 

Medical  Society,  1858. 
"  Three  Lectures  on  the   Diagnosis    of  Ovarian    Tumors."    before 
the  Philadelphia  county  Medical  Society,  1859,  i860,  1861. 

BARNETT.  C.  V.,  M.  D.,  Cosackie,  Green  Co 

N.  Y. 


:h   surrounding 
45-     Published 

^'^ledictory  be- 
7.      Pamphlet. 


BARNUM  BOLIVAR,  M.  D.,  of  Schoolcraft, 
Mich.,  was  born  near  Auburn,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
April  22,  1826.  His  parents,  with  their  children,  re- 
moved in  1836,  to  Van  Buren  County,  in  the  so'uth- 


.*i4i'I 


1/6 


lUOGKAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


western  part  of  Michigan,  and  engaged  in  agriculture 
Advantages    for  education    were    at  that   time    very 
I.nmed.      Tlie    public    sciiools    were    few   and    open 
only  ,n  winter  months.     The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  required  during  tlie  summer  to  labor  on  the  farm 
vv.th  h.s  father.     At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  had  so 
far  advanced  in  his  education  as  to  justify  his  teach- 
J   during   the    winter   one   of  the   public   schools 
'Which  he  continued  to  do  for  some  years.     In  1849 
he  began  a  systematic  academic  course  at  the  Albion 
Seminary  at  Albion.  Mich.     He  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  in    185 1,  with   Dr.    Josiah   Andrews  of 
i-aw  law.  Afich..  and  after  attending  two  courses  of 
lectures  at  the  Medical  Department  of  Michigan  Uni- 
versity,  graduated  M.  D.  in    1854.     In  April  of  the 
same  year  he  opened  ..,  office  at  Schoolcraft,  and  in  a 
s^iort  time  found  his  time  fully  employed  in  practice. 
On    the    breaking    out   of  the  late  war  between  the 
States,  he  was  commissioned  Surgeon  of  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Regiment  of  Michigan  Volunteer  Infantry  and 
served  to  the  close  of  the  war.     In  July,  1873.  he'  was 
appointed  Surgeon  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad 
Company,  and  changed  his  location  to  Jackson,  where 
he  also  engaged  in  private  practice  with  much  encour- 
agement. In  1875  he  returned  to  Schoolcraft,  his  favor- 
ite place  of  residence,  where  he  enjoys  a  large  and 
responsible  business.     His  experience  as  a  surgeon 
brings  to  him  much  of  that  kind  of  practice  in  his  sec- 
tion of  the  State.    Me  operated  for  ovariotomy  as  early 
as  March,  1859.  perhaps  the  first  time  it  was  performed 
m  Michigan      He  used  the  metallic  ligature  in  tying 
the  anterior  tibial  artery  in  i86o.     In  all  profession^ 


agriculture. 

time  very 
'  and  open 
this  sketch 
on  the  farm 

he  had  so 
V  his  tcach- 
ic   schools, 
s.     In  1849 
the  Albion 
J  the  study 
ndrews,  of 
courses  of 
higan  Uni- 
pril  of  the 
ft,  and  in  a 
11  practice. 
:t\veen  the 
c  Twenty- 
iintry,  and 
73,  he  was 
1  Railroad 
ion,  where 
:h  encour- 
his  favor- 
large  and 
I  surgeon 
n  his  sec- 
y  as  early 
)erformed 
-■  in  tying 
)fessional 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         1 77 

matters  he  keeps  himself  fully  abreast  of  the  latest 
discoveries  and  improvements  in  medical  and  surgical 
l)racticc.     Dr.  Barnum  is  a  member  of  the  St.  Joseph 
Valley  Medical  Association,  the  Michigan  State  Med- 
ical Society,  and  has  been  pretty  constant  in  his  at- 
tendance  at   their  meetings;    also  a  member  of  the 
American   Medical   Association    since    1856,  and  an 
honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical  So- 
ciety.   Tlie  Doctor  is  united  in  marriage  to  Mary  Lucy 
Reed.     They    have    two    children,    both    daughters, 
Lucy   R.  and    Ada  B.     While  in  California,  Dr.  b! 
visited  the  various   places  of  interest  on  the  Pacific 
coast  and  stopped  a  day  at  Salt   Lake  City  cu  route. 
Me   IS  a  man  who  absorbs  information  rapidly,  has 
correct  ideas  of  men  and  things,  and  is  most  agreeable 
and  entertaining  in  conversation. 

BARTLETT,  JOHN  KNOWLTON,  M.  D.,  of 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  was  born  February  28,  1 8 16,  at  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Richard  Bart- 
ictt,  who  came  from  England  and  settled  in  Newbury, 
Mass.,  in  1635.  (The  name  in  England  was  spelled 
Barttelot,  and  is  so  written  by  the  present  representa- 
tiveof  the  family.  Col.  Walter  R.  Barttelot,  ofStopLim, 
England,  where  the  records  in  the  church  are  coa.plcr- 
from  John  Barttelot,  who  was  born  ear!/  in  7?r;j. 
The  family  here,  from  the  early  colonial  times,  luv.; 
furnished  quite  a  number  of  able  phy  (V.iai  and 
patriots.  The  subject  of  the  present  sketrii  orepared 
for  college  at  Philips'  Academy,  Ando.-r,  .^Jiss,; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1838  ;  studied  medicine 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Charles  Hooker,  and  re- 


^^"f 


i;8 


niOGRAPIIICAL   SKETCHES. 


ccived  his  medical  degree  from  the  New  Haven  Med- 
ical College,  in  1841,  at  which  time  he  was  made  the 
orator  of  his  class.  In  the  spring  of  the  same  year  he 
settled  in  Milwaukee,  which  then  contained  1,800  in- 
habitants, and  has  resided  there  until  the  present  time 
being  now  (with  one  exception)  the  oldest  resident 
physician  in  the  city.  He  is  still  in  general  practice, 
though  for  the  past  eight  or  ten  years  he  has  some- 
what restricted  his  business,  and  given  especial  atten- 
tion to  diseases  of  women. 

He  has  been  a  member   of  the  American  Medical 
Association  since  1854,  and  was  one  of  its  Vice-Presi- 
dents in  1872.     He  has  been  President  of  the  Mil- 
waukee Medical  Society  for  many  years;  a  member  of 
the  State  Medical  Society,  and  its  President  in  1 876. 
He  is  an  honorary  member  of  the    California  State 
Medical  Society,  and  was  a  member  and  Vice-Presi- 
dent of  the  International  Medical  Congress  in  1876. 
He  has  published  nothing  except  some  articles  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  State  Medical  Society  and  a  few 
papers  in  medical  journals.     At  the  commencement  of 
the  late  civil  war  he  was  appointed  a  Brigade  Surgeon 
by  the  Governor  of  Wisconsin,  but  under  the  pressure 
brought  to  bear  by  his  patients,  was  constrained  to 
resign.     He  was  married  in   1838  to  Mary  E.  Elliot, 
of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  who  died  in  December,  1874! 
They  had  one   child,  a  daughter.     In    1877  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Harriet  N.  Keeler,  of  Milwaukee. 
The  Doctor  is  a  man  of  superior  education,  refine- 
ment, and  cultivated  tastes  ;   has  twice  visited  Europe, 
and  has  traveled  extensively  through  our  own  country. 
In  medical  organizations  he  is  a  most  efficient  worker 


laven  Med- 
s  made  the 
me  year  he 
id  1, 800  in- 
resent  time, 
St  resident 
ral  practice, 
:  has  some- 
ecial  atten- 

m  Medical 
Vice-Presi- 
f  the  Mil- 
member  of 
lit  in  1 876. 
•rnia  State 
/ice-Presi- 
33  in  1876. 
cles  in  the 
and  a  few 
icement  of 
e  Surgeon 
e  pressure 
trained  to 
E.  Elliot, 
ber,  1874. 
7  he  was 
[ilwaukee. 
an,  refine- 
d  Europe, 
n  country, 
nt  worker 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.         1 79 

and  faithful  in  attendance,  and  is  always  placed  upon 
important  committees,  the  duties  of  which  he  dis- 
charges with  judgment,  promptness  and  fidelity. 

BELLOWS,    HORATIO   KNIGHT,    M.    D.,   of 

Norwich,  N.  Y.,  was  born  at  New  Berlin,  Chenango 
Co.,  N.  Y..  November  5,   1823.     His  father,  Daniel 
Bellows,  was  a  physician  in  active  practice  and  an  in- 
fluential citizen  of  Chenango  Co.     The  subject  of  this 
sketch   received  a  good  academic  education  at  the 
Hamilton  Academy  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  at  Gil- 
bertsville  Academy.     His  medical  studies  were  pur- 
sued under  his  father,  who  often  took  his  son  with 
him  to  see  interesting  cases.     After  completing  a  care- 
ful course  of  reading  he  attended  lectures  at  the  Medi- 
cal Department  of  the   New  York    University— and 
graduated  M.  D.  in  1847.     The  same  year  he  opened 
an  office  and  commenced  to  practice  in  Norwich,  N. 
Y.,  where  he  still  resides,  having  been  actively  engaged 
in  a  large  and  responsible  general  practice  of  medicine 
and  surgery.     He  was  united  in  marriage  in  August, 
1852,  to  Margaret  S.  Bockee,  by  whom  he  had  four 
daughters,  three  now  living.    His  first  wife  having  died, 
he  married  in  November,  1875,  Charl  .tte  A.  Bradner, 
by  whom  he    has  c  ne  child ;  the  Doctor  is  a  hard- 
working physician,  and  rarely  relaxes  from  his  arduous 
duties,  seldom  finds  time  to  write  ou*^  accounts  of  even 
interesiiiig  cases,  his  leisure  hours  being  spent  in  care- 
ful study  and  research ;  yet  the  call  of  the  poor  and 
suffering  is  never  unheeded,  and  many  times  where 
the  Christian  pastor  could  not  gain  admittance   the 
Christian  physician  speaks  words  of  comfort  and  cheers 


w 


^^1 


180 


mOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


the  afflicted  family.     In  187 1  he  was  sent  as  delegate 
from  the  New  York    State  Medical    Society   to  the 
meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association  at  San 
Francisco.     He  is  a  man  of  close  and  original  obser- 
vations, and  v.as  most  interesting  and  agreeable  to  his 
companions.     He   has   always    taken    an    interest  in 
medical  organizations,  and  is  a  member,  and  was  for 
SIX  years  President  of  the  Chenango  Co.  Medical  So- 
ciety.    He  is  also  a  member  of  the  New  York  State 
Medical  Society,  the  American  Medical  Association 
and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medi- 
cal Society. 

BII3B,  GEORGE  RICHARD,  M.  D..  was  born  in 
Jacksonville.    III..   June    ,8,    1842;   died   of  phthisis 
pulmonalis.  ,n  .same  place.  June  18,  1874.     He  was 
tlie  son  of  Ric!,ard    Bibb,  of  Virginia,  and   Martha 
lodd  DaviK,  of  Kentucky,  who  removed  to  Illinois 
prior  to  t^,c  birth  of  the  subject  of  this  .sketch.     His 
childhood  and  youth,  and  nearly  the  whole  of  his  life 
was  spent  in  Jacksonville.     He  was  a  pupil  of  the 
11  mois   Codege,    where    he    received    his    academic 
education.     He   studied  medicine  and    surgery  with 
Ur.  D.u-id   Pnnce,  of  Jacksonville,  and  obtained  his 
medical  degree  at  the  Rush  Medical  College.  Chicac^o 
m  ibo4.     After  graduating  he  was  associated  in  prac' 
t.ce  for  a  time  with   Dr.  Prince,  his  preceptor,  and 
afterward  with  Dr.  A.  O.  Gillman;  most  of  the  time 
he  however  had  an  office  by  himself     Early  in  the 
war  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Tenth  Illinois  Volun- 
teers, and  was  promoted  to   a  surgeoncy,  remaining 
witli  his  regiment  during  the  entire  term  of  service. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


I8l 


as  delegate 
iety  to  the 
ition  at  San 
jinal  obser- 
eable  to  his 
in):erest  in 
ind  was  for 
Tedical  So- 
Vork'  State 
ssociation, 
)tate  Medi- 


as  born  in 
)f  phthisis 
He  was 
d  Martlia 
to  Illinois 
;tch.  His 
of  his  life 
pil  of  the 

academic 
gcry  with 
:ained  his 
,  Chicat^o, 
d  in  prac- 
ptor,   and 

the  time 
■ly  in  the 
is  Volun- 
emaining 
f  service. 


He  was  afterward  commissioned  by  Governor  Yates 
as  Captain  of  Company  C,  in  the  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-fifth  Regiment  of  Illinois  Volunteers,  and  ac- 
quitted himself  as  a  brave  and  efficient  officer.     In 
1869  he  was  commissioned  by  Governor  Palmer  as 
one  uf  the  Trustees  of  the  Illinois  Hospital  for  the 
Insane,  a  position  which  he  filled  with  ability,  mani- 
festing an  intelligent  and  deep  interest  in  the  pros- 
perity of  the  institution,  until  declining  health  com- 
pelled  his  resignation.     Although  but  a  young  man, 
he  had  accomplished  much.     From  early  life  he  was 
an    industrious    student,   and    zealously    pursued    a 
widening  range  of  study  until  but  a  short  time  before 
his  death.     Dr.   Bibb  was  never  married;  his  father 
dying  when  he  was  quite  young,  he  seemed  to  accept 
it  as  a  duty  to  become  the  guardian  and  protector  of 
his    widowed    mother,   two    sisters,   and   a  younger 
brother,  who  all  confided   in  him.     The  practice  of 
medicine  and  surgery  was  his  chosen  profession,  and 
to  it  he  was  earnestly  devoted,  and  acquired  a  rich 
fund  of  knowledge  far  beyond  what  could  reasonably 
have  been  expected  of  one  so  young.     But  his  talent, 
energy  and  skill  all  were  forced  to  yield  to  that  "fell 
destroyer,"  phthisis,  which    began  to  manifest    itselt 
very   soon    after   he   entered    upon   professional    life. 
With  the  view  of  improving  his  health,  and  the  hope 
of  arresting  the  progress  of  the  disease,  he  removed 
to    California,  taking   up   his  abode    in   San    Diego, 
where  he  remained  but  a  short  time,  having,  as  he 
thought,  improved  so  as  to  justify  him  in  returning  to 
his  home  in    Illinois.      The    amelioration    obtained, 
however,  did  not  prove  permanent,  and  the  disease 


1 82 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


soon  showed   manifest  signs  of  fatal  progress      He 
was  then  induced   to  try  the    chmate  of  Colorado 
but  deriving  no  benefit  from  the  change,  he  again 
returned  to  California,  locating  this  time  in  the  beau- 
tiful c.ty  of  Oakland,  where  he   expected  to  pursue 
his  profession,  and  to  make  it  his  permanent  home- 
but  the  disease  showing  no  signs  of  arrest,  he  turned 
his  footsteps  again  eastward,  that  he  might  once  more 
look  upon  the  faces  of  cherished  friends,  and  die  among 
his  kindred.     At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society,  the  American 
Medical  Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the 
California  State  Medical  Society;  also  a  useful  and 
respected  member  of  the  Morgan  County  (Illinois) 
Medical  Socicty-the  county  in  which  he  was  born  and 
brought  up.     Of  Dr.  Bibb  it  can  truly  be  said,  that  he 
was  a  "Christian  gentleman"  and  a  "Beloved  Physi- 
cian," whose  generous  nature  continually  abounded  in 
noble  charities  and  acts  of  kindness  and  love  towards 
those  whom  misfortune  and  disease  visited, 

BLACK,  JOHN,  M.  D.,  of  Plattsmouth,  Neb.  was 
born  at  Whittingham,  Northumberland  Co.,  England 
November    14,    1821.      His    parents    emigrated   to 
America  in  1838,  and  settled  in  Knox  County,  Ohio 
but  removed  to  Missouri  in    1852,  where  they  died.' 
The  Doctor  received  a  good  academic  education  at 
the    Fredericktown     Select    School.       His    medical 
studies   were   begun   under  the   supervision   of    Dr. 
Lewis   Dyer,   of  the   same  place,  in    1843.     In   the 
spring    of    184s    he   removed    to   Cleveland,   Ohio, 
where    he    continued    his    studies    under    the    late 


foi 


ogress.     He 
i  Colorado, 
;e,  he  again 
in  the  beaii- 
1  to  pursue 
nent  home; 
t,  he  turned 
t  once  more 
i  die  among 
ivas  a  mem- 
e  American 
nber  of  the 
useful  and 
y  (Illinois) 
is  born  and 
lid,  that  he 
ved  Physi- 
)ounded  in 
/e  towards 


Neb.,  was 
England, 
grated   to 
ity,  Ohio, 
they  died, 
ication  at 
medical 
1    of    Dr. 
In   the 
d,   Ohio, 
the    late 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   A.SSOCIATION.         1 83 

IVofessor  H.  A.  Ackley.     After  attending  the  usual 
courses  of  lectures,  he    graduated  at  the  Cleveland 
Medical  College,  in  1847.     In  April  of  the  same  year 
he  commenced  practice  in  Claridon,  Marion  County, 
Oliio.     He  removed  to  Maysville,  Mo.,  in  June,  1854, 
where  he  remained  engaged  in  practice  until  April, 
1863,  when  he  removed  to  Nebraska  Territory,  where 
he  resides  at  the  present  time.     He  is  no  longer  en- 
fjagcd  in  active  practice,  but  has  been  so  successful  in 
a  business  point  of  view,  as  to  have  turned  broker. 
However,  the  Doctor  retains  an  active  mtercst  in  and 
love  for  the  profession,  and  is  a  member  of  all  the 
medical  organizations  of  the  State.     He  is  a  member 
of  the   Nebraska  State  Medical   Society;  was  Vice- 
President   in    1873,   and    President   in   1875,   and   a 
Delegate  from  it  to  the  meeting  of  the  American  Med- 
ical Association,  which  was  held  in  San  Francisco, 
Ca!.,  in    1871.     He  was  highly  gratified  with  his  trip 
to  California  and  the  hospitable  manner  in  which  the 
people  of  the  Pacific  Slope   received   their  brethren 
from  the  Eastern  States.     He  was  likewise  a  Delegate 
to  the  American  Medical  Association  in  1876,  and  to 
the  International  Medical  Congress  that  convened  in 
Philadelphia,  in    September   of  that   year.     Circum- 
stances    beyond    his   control    prevented    him    from 
reaching    Philadelphia   in   time  to  participate  in  the 
transactions  of  either  meeting.     The  Doctor  is  a  Del- 
egate to  the  American  Medical  Association  which  is  to 
convene  in  Buffalo,  in  June,  1878.     He  is  married  and 
has  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living. 

BROWN,  BENJAMIN  STANTON,  M.  D.,of  Belle- 
fontaine,  Ohio,  was  born  at  Brownsville,  Pa.,  July  13, 


1S4 


'uncKArMiicAr.  sKETcnEa. 


uSoo;  (iic.l  in  Hclkfontainc,  December  19.  ,87,      I|i 
parents  were  me.nbcrs  of  the  Society  of  Frien.Is   and 
rc-moved  to  ti.e  vicinity  of  Mount  I'leasant.  Ohio/from 
North  Carol.na.  in   .8,8.  b„t  subseo  :ently  to  Lo.an 
Co..  OlMo      The  subject  of  th..s  sketch    was  a  first 
cousin  to  Hon.  K.  M.  .Stanton,  the  great  War  Secretary 
He  received  a  good    English  education,  and  thoudi 
he  never  had  collegiate  advantages  was  a  man  of  nu'e 
than  orchnary  mental  vigor  and  acquirements      After 
attammg  h.s  majority,  poor  health  induced  him  to  co 
South,  were  he  sp.nt  a  few  years.     On  his  return  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with   Dr    Crew  of 
Zanesville      After  attending  lectures  at  the  Mc-dical 
Colege  of  Oh.o.  he  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  i„ 
1828.     He  opened  an  office  the  same  year  in  Belle 
ontau,e.  where  he  was  actively  engaged  in  practice 
for  over  th.rtyfive    years.      Ho  was  a  man  of  very 
general    mformation.   sound  judgment,  and   a   good 
phys,c,an.     He  contributed  a  few  articles  of  interest 
o   med.cal    periodicals.     He  was  a  member  of  it 

StafrV    r"T  f ''■■"'  ^°'^'^^^>''  -^  '^'-  the    Ohio 
State    Med.cal   Society,  and    its    President  in   i866- 

member  of  t  e  American  Medical  Association  since 

1857,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 

Med.cal  Society.     His  wife  accompanied  him  to  Cali- 

forma  m  i8;i.  and  survives  him;  but  has  no  children. 

BRUHL.  GUSTA  V.  M.  D.,  of  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  was 
born  May  31.  1826.  in  Herdorf.  a  village  in  Rhenish 
Pruss.a,  Germany.  H,s  father  was  interested  in  iron- 
mmes  and  m  smelting-furnaces.  and  being  himself  a 
man  of  culture,  secured  for  his  son  a  classical  educa- 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        iH: 


3.1873.  His 
'■Viends,  .ind 
t.  Ohio,  tVoiii 
ly  to  Lo<,Mii 

was  a  first 
ar  Secretary, 
and  though 
"an  of  more 
cuts.     After 
1  him  to  go 
is  return  he 
>r.  Crew,  of 
lie  Mcfh'cal 
of  M.  D.  in 
ar  in  Belle- 
in  practice 
an  of  very 
id   a   good 
of  interest 
ber  of  the 

the  Ohio 
:  in  1866; 
tion  since 
)rnia  State 
in  to  Cali- 
3  children. 

Ohio,  was 
Rhenish 
d  in  iron- 
himself  a 
al  educa- 


tion at  the  high  school  of  Liegen,  and  at  the  gymna- 
sia (college)  of  Miinstcrfel  and  Treves.  His  medical 
studies  were  pursued  at  Munich,  Halle.  Herlin,  and 
I'ragiic.  Having  completed  his  professional  studies, 
he  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and  settled  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  still  resides,  and  is  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  Physician 
to  St.  Mary's  Hospital  for  four  years  during  the  period 
when  the  late  Dr.  Ulackiiian  was  Surgeon.  He  gave 
lectures  for  a  short  time  on  laryngoscopy  and  diseases 
of  the  throat  in  the  Miami  Medical  College.  He  has 
not  written  much  for  the  medical  press,  bui  used 

his  pen  industriously  in  scientific  direct:  md  in 

contributions  to  encyclopeilias,  literary  journals,  maga- 
zines, etc.    Part  of  his  poems,  written  under  the  '//o/u  dc 
plume  of  "  Kara  Giorg,"  have  been  collected  ami  pub- 
lished under  the  title  of"  Poesien  des  Urwaldes"  (Songs 
of  the    Primeval  Forrest).     Dr.  Zimmerman,   in   his 
Manual  of  German  Literature,  ranks  him  among  the 
three  most  eminent  German  American  poets.  The  Doc- 
tor has  now  in  press,  a  work  entitled  "Culturvolker  Alt 
Americas"  (Civilized  tribes  of  Ancient  America");  the 
nrst  part  appeared  about  a  year  since  and  the  second 
is  passing  through  the  press.      From   1869  to  1871 
he  edited   "The  German   Pioneer,"  a   monthly  his- 
torical magazine.     He  was  for  two  years  one  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the    University  of  Cincinnati 
and  for  six  years  on   the   Po.ard  of   Examiners  for 
the  Public  Schools.     He  is  one  of  the  Curators  of  the 
Historical  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Ohio.     He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Archsological  Society  of  Ohio 
of  the  Social  Science  Society,  the  American  Association 


ite> 


i86 


niOdRAnilCAI,   SKETCIins. 


of  Antliropolo^y,  tlic  Natural  History  Society  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  of  a  niuubcr  of  benevolent  institutions,  and 
the  various  local  medical  organizations  of  Cincinnati; 
as  well  as  the  American  Medical  Associ.ition,  the 
mectintj  of  which  he  attenilcd  in  San  l''raneisco,  in 
1S71.  He  is  also  an  honorary  member  of  the  Cali- 
fornia State  Medical  Society.  He  [)ublished  in  the 
Vvlks  I'fcuHti  7\  series  oi  letters  descriptive  of  the  trip 
to  California,  and  his  observations  while  en  route  and  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  Dr.  HkCiii.  is  a  man  of  j^re.it  men- 
tal activity,  which,  with  the  adniirable  scientific  train- 
inti  he  has  had,  enables  him  with  case  to  keep  a  front 
position  amonj;  the  scientists  of  our  country. 


BRUNER,  DANna.  H^KLAND,  M.  D.,  of  Co- 
lumbia, Pa,,  was  born  la  Caernarvon  Township,  Herks 
Co.,  Fa.,  June  22,  1807.  His  parcnta^^e  was  of  Ger- 
man and  French  origin.  His  education  was  received 
at  the  Academy  at  West  Chester,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 
His  pr.ceptor  in  medicine  was  Dr.  Isaac  liruner,  of 
Leacock  Township,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  with  whom  he 
studied  two  vears — 1827  to  1829 — and  then  as  private 
stud;  T  W''  1  !)r.  Thomas  Harris.  He  graduated  in 
mc»''  ..  •  ;  al  (he  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1830, 
hi*.'  Liit'sis  being  on  asthma.  He  settled  in  May  of  the 
sa.'i»(:  year  at  Morgantown,  Berks  Co.,  Pa.  In  1850 
he  removed  to  Columbia,  Pa.,  where  he  now  resides, 
and  is  still  engaged  in  practice.  He  is  the  Examining 
Surgeon  for  the  United  States  Pension  Office,  at 
Columbia.  He  is  now  a  widower,  and  has  four  living 
children  :  Ellen  \V.,  Edward  D.,  Anna  F.,  and  William 
S.     The  last-named,  is  a  practicing  physician  at  Dun- 


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ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         1 8/ 


cansville,  Blair  Co.,  Pa.  Dr.  Bruner  believes  himself 
to  be  the  first  American  physician  who  successfully 
used  large  doses  of  digitalis  in  the  treatment  of 
delirium  tremens.  He  attended  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  at  San  Francisco  in 
1871  as  a  Delegate  from  the  I^incaster  County  Med- 
ical Society.  He  is  a  member  of  the  State  Medical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania,  of  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation, and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.  He  expressed  much  satisfac- 
tion with  his  trip  across  the  continent,  and  gratifica- 
tion with  the  hospitalityand  courtesy  shown  by  the 
profession  and  citizens  of  California  to  their  visitors. 

BUCKINGHAM,  RICHARD  GREEN,  M.  D..  of 
Denver,  Col.,  was  born  at  Troy,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N 
Y.,  September  14,  1816.  His  maternal  grandfather 
was  Captain  Florence  Crowley,  of  the  Revolutionary 
Army.  His  great  uncle  (mother's  side)  was  Philip 
Milldoler,  President  of  Rutgers  College,  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.  His  father  and  mother  were  upright  citi- 
zens and  exemplary  Christians,  and  lived  to  the  ripe 
age  of  eighty-three  and  eighty  five  respectively.  The 
Doctor  received  his  education  at  the  Troy  High 
School  and  the  Rensselaer  Institute,  now  the  Poly- 
technic School.  His  medical  studies  were  begun  under 
Dr.  Thomas  W.  Blatchford,  of  Troy.  He  attended 
his  first  course  of  lectures  at  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  in  1834, 
second  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia, 
and  graduated  after  another  or  third  course  at  Pitts- 
field,  in  the  fall  of  1836.  He  spent  the  following 
winter  in  the  old    Broadway   Hospital,  New  York. 


l88 


UIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


Commenced    practice  in  July,   1838,  at  Montevallo, 
Shelby  Co.,  Ala.  In  1841  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
and  had  charge  of  the  Marine  Hospital,  the  Sisters 
of  Charity  having  the  domestic  management  of  the 
institution.     Removed  to    Lexington,  Lafayette  Co., 
Mo.,  in  1842,  where  he  engaged  in  practice  till    1 863, 
when  he  removed  to  his  present  residence  in  Denver, 
Col.     He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Denver 
(County)  Medical  Association,  and  represented  it  in  the 
meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal..  in  1871.     The  Doctor  had  spent  so 
much  of  his  life  in  the  West,  and  so  many  years  in 
sight  of  the  snow-capped  peaks  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, that  the  impression  en  route  to  California  was  to 
him  less  novel  than  to  most  of  the  other  physicians. 
His  familiarity  with  the  native  Indians  and  great  moun- 
tains and  canons  made  him  quite  entertaining  to  his 
fellow-passengers.     He  has  been  too  much  engaged 
in  the  bustle  of  life  for  the  past  few  years  to  commit 
his  observations  to  writing.      In    his  earlier  profes- 
sional life  he    contributed  frequently  to   the  current 
medical  literature  of  the  day.     He  was  President  of 
the  Denver  Medical  Association,  and  also  of  the  Col- 
orado Medical  Society.     He  was  an  influential  mem- 
ber of  the  Colorado  Territorial  Senate  in   1874.     Is 
now,  and  has  been  for  several  years,  an  active  member 
of  the  medical  fraternity,  having  filled  most  of  the 
offices  within  the  gift  of  the  profession,  and  assisted 
in  the  organization  of  the  first  medical  society  formed 
in  Colorado.     He  has  been  President  to  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Institute  for  the  Education  of  Mutes 
of  the  Territory  of  Colorado,  for  the  past  three  years, 


■i-Tn»i««iH 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


189 


Montevallo, 
:.  Louis,  Mo., 
,  the  Sisters 
ment  of  the 
afayette  Co., 
ce  till  1863, 
e  in  Denver, 

the  Denver 
nted  it  in  the 
iation  at  San 
had  spent  so 
lany  years  in 
ocky  Moun- 
fornia  was  to 
:r  physicians. 
1  great  nioun- 
lining  to  his 
uch  engaged 
rs  to  commit 
irlier  profes- 

the  current 

President  of 

3  of  the  Col- 

uential  mem- 

in   1874.     Is 

ctive  member 

most  of  the 

,  and  assisted 

ociety  formed 

the  Board  of 

ion  of  Mutes 

5t  three  years, 


and  took  an  active  part  in  its  organization  and  man- 
agement, and  has  been  re-appointed  by  the  Governor 
of  Coloiado  a  Trustee  under  its  new  organization  as 
an  institution  of  the  State,  and  is  still  acting  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  new  board.  He  is  at  the  present  time 
Mayor  of  the  city  of  Denver,  elected  April,  1876,  for 
a  term  of  two  years.  In  November,  1839,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Caroline  M.  De  Forest.  They 
have  three  children,  daughters,  all  married,  and  nine- 
teen grandchildren. 

CASTLEHUN,  F.  C,  M.  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

CATLIN,  BENJAMIN  HOPKINS,  M,  D.,  of 
West  Meridan,  Conn.,  was  born  in  Harwinton,  Litch- 
field Co.,  Conn.,  August  loth,  1801.  His  first  Ameri- 
can ancestor  was  Thomas  Catlin,  who  settled  at  Hart- 
ford, early  in  the  seventeenth  century.  His  ancestry 
in  New  England  have  given  a  long  line  of  respectable 
practitioners  in  medicine  and  surgery.  The  subject  of 
this  notice  in  youth  assisted  his  father  on  the  farm, 
and  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place, 
and  then  for  four  winters  at  the  Harwinton  Academy, 
and  part  of  a  year  in  the  special  studies  of  the  classics, 
under  Rev.  Luther  Hart,  in  Plymouth,  Conn.  His 
medical  studies  were  commenced  under  Dr.  Roswell 
Abernethy,  in  his  native  town,  and  were  continued  un- 
der Dr.  Lyman  Catlin,  of  Plymouth,  and  subsequently 
with  Dr.  E.  C.  Peat,  of  New  Marlborough,  Mass.  In 
the  early  years  of  his  studies  he  was  obliged  to  inter- 
rupt them  in  winter  to  teach  school  in  order  to  obtain 
funds  to  assist  him  in  completing  his  medical  studies. 
He  attended  lectures  at  Yale  College  in  the  winter  of 


.i-jniiwy,!!.., 


190 


DIOGUAPinCAl.   SKETCHES. 


1824,  and  graduated  in  the  spring  of    1825.     Com- 
menced practice  at  Hadden,  July  13,  1825,  and  occu- 
pied the  place  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Andrew 
Warner,  where  he  soon  acquired  a  fair  practice.     On 
the  death  of  Dr.  W.  Woodruf,  of  Meriden,  in  1842,  he 
was  invited  to  move  thither,  which  he  did,  at  a  time 
when  the  place  had  but  2,ooo  inhabitants,  but  is  now 
a  city  of  16,000.     He  has  resided  there  ever  since  and 
has  had,  to  the  fullest  extent,  the  confidence  of  the 
community,  and  enjoyed  a  very  large  practice.     In  the 
last  few  years,  however,  he  has  confined  his  labors  to 
consultation,  office,  and  village  practice.     Dr.  Catlin 
married  Amelia  Deborah   Spencer.     They  have  but 
one   son    now   living,  William   II.     His  oldest  son, 
Benjamin  Spencer,  studied  medicine,  and  served  with 
distinction  as  a  Surgeon  during  the  war,  and  settled  to 
practice  at  Troy,  New  York.     He  died  in   Februar>', 
1871,  at  his  brother's  in  Missouri,  where  he  had  gone 
for  his  health.     The  Doctor  was  accompanied  by  his 
wife  on  his  trip  to  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association  in  California.      They  extended  their 
visit  to  the  Yosemite   Valley,  Big  Trees,  and  other 
places   of  interest,   and   greatly  enjoyed   the   grand 
scenery  and  wonders  of  the  Pacific  Coast.     Doctor 
Catlin  is  a  member  of  the  New  Haven  District  Medi- 
cal Society,  the  American    Medical  Association,  and 
the    Connecticut   State    Medical    Society.       He  was 
President  of  the  latter  in  1856-57,  and  made  an  ad- 
mirable address.     In  1865  he   made  a  report  to  the 
American  Medical  Association  on  Typhus  Synochia, 
or  spotted  fever,  which  is  printed  in  the  Transactions 
for  that  year.     He  was  President  of  the  Connecticut 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION.         I9I 


525.  Com- 
;,  and  occii- 
Dr.  Andrew 
actice.  On 
in  1842,  he 
I,  at  a  time 

but  is  now 
.■r  since  and 
ence  of  the 
:ice.  In  the 
lis  labors  to 
Dr.  Catlin 
:y  have  but 

oldest  son, 
served  with 
lid  settled  to 
1  Februarj', 
lie  had  gone 
mied  by  his 
^rican  Medi- 
tended  their 
s,  and  other 
the  grand 
ist.  Doctor 
istrict  Medi- 
jciation,  and 
r.  He  was 
made  an  ad- 
sport  to  the 
us  Synochia, 
Transactions 

Connecticut 


1!" 


State  Medical  Society  for  two  years,  from  May,  1856, 
to  May,  1858;  Vice-President  of  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association,  in  1873;  and  President  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Medical  Association  in  1874,  when  he  read 
an  interesting  address.  He  received  the  honorary  de- 
gree of  M.  D.  from  Yale  College  in  1840,  and  is  an 
honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society,  and  of  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society. 

COLLINS,  GP:0RGE  LEWIS,  M.  D.,  of  Provi- 
dence, R.  L,  was  born  at  Hopkinton,  Washington  Co., 
R.  L,  December  31,  1820;  died  of  paralysis,  at  .same 
place,  August  21,  1877.  His  father  was  a  Friend, 
a  farmer,  descended  from  an  ancient  family  which 
emigrated  from  Stepney,  in  iMigland,  in  1635.  The 
estate  on  which  he  was  born  has  been  owned  by  the 
family  since  1715.  The  subject  of  this  .sketch  at- 
tended district  and  .select  schools  during  his  youth, 
and  then  entered  the  Friends'  New  England  Yearly 
Meeting  School,  where  he  continued  from  1838  to 
1842.  In  June,  1843.  he  became  a  student  of  medi- 
cine in  the  office  of  Dr.  Henry  W.  Rivers,  of  Provi- 
dence. He  attended  two  full  courses  of  lectures  at 
the  University  of  New  York,  where  he  graduatetl  in 
1846,  and  in  April  of  the  same  year  opened  an  office 
in  Providence.  Here  he  continued  to  reside,  and  by 
his  superior  ability  and  devotion  to  his  profession  ac- 
quired and  enjoyed  a  large  and  responsible  practice. 
The  Doctor  was  a  clo.se  and,  in  a  degree,  an  original 
observer,  and  contributed  many  articles  of  value  to  the 
Boston  Medical  Journal,  and  also  to  the  Transactions 
of  the  State  Medical  Society.     In  earlier  years  surgery 


m 


192 


niOORAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


was  his  favorite  branch,  but  hitcr  on   lie  was  chiefly 
engaged  in  general  practice.     Throughout  his  life  his 
profession  was  held  as  claiming  his  first  and  constant 
attention,  and  although  he  held  many  places  of  trust 
and  honor,  they  all  had  relation  to  or  were  associated 
with  education,  the  care  of  the  sick,  or  public  health 
measures.      He  was  City  Physician,  and  attended  the 
city  hospital  and  Dexter  Asylum  from  1847  to   1866; 
Physician  to  the  Providence  Reform  School  from  1850 
to    1870;  Attending  Physician  to  the  Rhode   Island 
Hospital  from  1868  to  1 872,  and  after  that  Consulting 
Physician.     To  this  institution  he  gave  a  part  of  his 
library.     He  was  also  Consulting   Physician    to   the 
Butler  Asylum.     He  was  President  of  the  Providence 
Medical  Association  from  1870  to  1872,  and  President 
of  the  Rhode  Island  Medical  Society  for  several  years, 
and  held  the  same  office  for  many  years  in  the  Provi- 
dence P>anklin  Society;  a  Trustee  of  Brown  Univer- 
sity; member  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society, 
the  Providence  Medical  Association,  member  and  one 
of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  International  Medical 
Congress  in   1876.     He  also  served  as  a  delegate  to 
the  International  Medical  Congress  which  assembled 
in  Paris  in  1867.     Of  late  years  he  felt  the  necessity  of 
occasional  relaxation  from  business,  and  had  traveled 
extensively  throughout  our  own  country,  visiting  the 
South  several  times.     He  made  three  several  visits  to 
Europe,  in  1867,  in   1873,  and  in    1877.     From  this 
last  trip  he  had  but  recently  returned,  and  in  what 
his  friends  hoped  vigorous  health.     He  was  a  careful 
and  extensive  reader  and  a  most  industrious  practi- 
tioner, keeping  him.self  well  posted  with  all  improve- 


IvjeMMMaMSlSJtiaMM 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


193 


was  chiefly 
t  his  life  his 
ind  constant 
ices  of  trust 
e  associated 
lublic  health 
ittended  the 
147  to   1 866 ; 
olfrom  1850 
hode   Island 
t  Consulting 
I  part  of  his 
cian   to   the 
i  Providence 
nd  President 
leveral  years, 
in  the  Provi- 
3wn  Univer- 
rical  Society, 
iber  and  one 
)nal  Medical 
a  delegate  to 
:h  assembled 
;  necessity  of 
had  traveled 
,  visiting  the 
^eral  visits  to 
From  this 
and  in  what 
was  a  careful 
trious  practi- 
all  improve- 


H  tliWMwhaiArMdniiiuMi 


ments  and  advances  in  diagnosis  and  practice,  and  was 
a  frequent  attendant  and  participant  in  the  discussions 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  of  which  he  was 
a  valued  member  since    1849.     lie  loved  his  profes- 
sion and  did  all  he  could  to  elevate  and  advance  its 
interests.     He  enjoyed  his  trip  to  the  Pacific  in  1 87 1, 
as  a  delegate  to  the  meeting  of  this  society,  and  after 
adjournment  made  a  trip  to  the  Yosemite  Valley  and 
other  places  of  interest  in  California,  and  stopped  a 
day  en  route  at    Salt  Lake    City.     The    Doctor  was 
united  in  marriage,  October  27,  1 848,  to  Laura  South- 
wick  Capron,  of    Worcester,  Mass.      Three  of  their 
children  are  living — one  son  and  two  daughters.    The 
former  has  commenced   the    study  of  medicine,  and 
promises  to  be  a  worthy   successor   to    his  father's 
genius  and  reputation.     The  sudden  death  of  Dr.  Col- 
lins from  cerebral    hemorrhage  was    an    unexpected 
shock  to  his  many  friends  and  patients,  among  whom 
he  had  been  mingling  in  friendly  and  professional  in- 
tercourse but  thirty-six  hours  before  they  were  called  " 
upon  to  mourn  his  demise.     He  had  lived  a  most  use- 
ful and  exemplary  Christian  life,  and  was  favorably 
known  by  almost  every  resident  of  Providence  and  the 
State,  and  widely  known  to  the  profession  throughout 
the  United  States      He  remained  attached  to  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends    .j  the  last.     His  remains  are  depos- 
ited in  Swan  Point  v.;emetery. 

COTTON,  DAVID  BARNES,  M.  D.,  of  Ports- 
mouth, O.,  was  born  at  Marietta,  Washington  Co.,  O., 
April  5th,  1 834.  He  was  one  of  three  brothers,  physi- 
cians, sons  of  Dr.  John  Cotton,  who  graduated  from 


h 


194 


niOCiRAPMICAI.   SKETCHES. 


P    , 


Harvard  College  in  1814,  and  in  1815  removed  to 
Marietta,  where  he  practiced  his  profession  until  his 
death  in  1H47.  lie  was  a  lineal  descendant  on  the 
male  side  of  the  ^^reat  and  justly  celebrated  preacher, 
Cotton  Mather,  who  came  to  Massachusetts  as  early  as 
1633.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  two  brothers  who 
studied  medicine,  also  two  sisters  who  married  physi- 
cians. 

He  was  educated  at  the  Marietta  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1853,  during  the  time  of  Prof  Henry 
Smith  and  Prof  John  Kendrich  ;  IC.  VV.  and  K.  H.  An- 
drc\v  s  were  teachers.  His  medical  studies  were  begun 
under  his  brother,  Dr.  J.  D.  Cotton,  of  Marietta,  and 
Drs.  Mothershead  and  Hallard,  of  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
He  afterward  attended  a  course  of  lectures  at  the 
Starling  Medical  College,  1854-55,  and  then  a  course 
at  the  Jefferson  College,  1855-56,  where  he  graduated 
M.  D.  In  May,  of  this  year,  he  commenced  practice 
at  Lyons,  Clinton  Co.,  Iowa,  where  he  remained  one 
year,  and  then,  May  i  ith,  1857,  settled  at  Portsmouth, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Sciota  County  Medical  Society,  from  which  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  in  1871  (with  which  body  he  has  been 
connected  since  1859);  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical 
Society,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.  Zf«  rot/W  he  visited  Salt  Lake 
City,  and  while  on  the  Pacific  coast  made  excursions  to 
all  the  places  of  interest  in  California.  He  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Mary  C.  Slocombe,  of  Marietta,  Ohio, 
November  21st,  1 861,  and  has  four  children,  all  girls^ 
Grace  Gaylord,  Mary  Hannah,  Kate  Ballard,  and 
Ethel  Hamilton. 


removed  to 
ion  imtil  his 
ul.int  on  the 
ted  preacher, 
tts  as  early  as 
brothers  who 
irricd  pliysi- 

ge,  where  he 
Prof.  Henry 
lul  !<:.  H.  An- 
s  were  beyiin 
Marietta,  and 
mapohs,  Ind. 
til  res  at  the 
hen  a  course 
lie  graduated 
iced  practice 
sniained  one 
Portsmouth, 
s  a  member 
)m  which  he 
lean  Medical 
he  has  been 
:ate  Medical 
le  California 
:d  Salt  Lake 
excursions  to 
e  was  united 
irietta,  Ohio, 
jn,  all  girls — 
Ballard,   and 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIK   MFDICAT,   ASSOCIATION.         IQS 

CRANK.   JOH  SYMMi:S,  M.   D..   of  Klizabeth, 
N.  J.,  vva.s  born   in   Klizabeth,  Union  County,  N.  J,, 
April  vl.  1825.     He  obtained  his  early  education  at  the 
High  School  in   his    native  place,  and  at  the  age  of 
fifteen  entered  Princeton  College,  where  he  graduated 
in  1843.     His  office  studies  in  medicine  were  begun 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.    George    R.   Chetewood, 
in    l':iizabeth.      After   attending   the   usual  course  of 
lectures  at  the   College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
in  New  York,  he  received  the    degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine  in    1849.     Immediately  after,  he  opened  an 
office  in  IClizabeth.  where  he  has  continued  to  reside. 
He  soon  acquired  a  good  practice,  which  he  .still  en- 
joys.    Dr.  Crane  attended  the  meeting  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association  in  California,  in    1871.  as   a 
delegate  from  the  New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  District  Medical  Society, 
and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medi- 
cal Society.    The  trip  to  California  was  to  him  a  source 
of  much  pleasure,  and  a  needed  relief  to  a  fliliguing 
practice,  which  he  .scarcely   ever   intermits.      He    is 
united    in   marriage  to   Helen  Watkins.     They  have 
four  children.   Agnes  O.,    P'annie   W.,    Dewitt,   and 
Helen  B. 

CRIST,  DAVID  LKVI,M.D.,ofBloomington,  Ills., 
was  born  at  Thornville,  Perry  Co.,  O.,  May,  nth,  1817, 
and  died  at  his  residence  at  Bloomington,  March  18th, 
1875.  Having  received  a  good  PInglish  education,  he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Robert 
Turner,  of  Thornville,  Ohio,  in  1 839.  After  attending 
one  course  of  lectures  he  entered  upon  the  practice 


I<j6 


IIIOC.RAI'IIICAL   SKETCHES. 


of  mcilicinc  at  Mt.  Stcrlintj,  Muskingum  County,  in 
1842.     In  1S51  and  1852  he  attended  lectures  at  Star- 
ling; Medical  Colle^je,  CuUinibu.s,  Ohio,  where  he  ^jrad- 
uated    in    1852.     In    October,    1853,    he    removed   to 
Illinois,  where  he  acquired  a  ^ood  practice,  and  which 
he  retained  until   within  a  few  months  of  his  death, 
lie  was  a  member  of  the   Mcl/jan  County    Medical 
Society,    Medical    Society   of    the    State    of  Illinois, 
American  Medical   Association    since    1805,  and   an 
honorary   member  of  the    California  State    Medical 
Society.     He  loved  his  profession,  and  was  frequently 
in  attendance  at  the  meetint;s  of  the  State  and  Ameri- 
can Medical  Associations.     Although  not  a  writer,  his 
voice  and  efforts  were  earnestly  ^jiven  for  the  advance- 
ment of  medical  science.     The  Doctor  was  twice  mar- 
ried,    liy  his  first  wife  he  had  three  children,  who  sur- 
vive him — lunma,  Ella,  and  Howard.  His  .second  wife, 
Marjjaret  Harris,  is  .still  living.     Through  his  whole 
professional  life  he  displayed  a  magnanimous,  charita- 
ble, and  sympathetic  disposition,  eminently  calculated 
to  warm,  cheer,  and  encourage  the  sick  and  distressed. 
He  lived  a  Christian's  life,  and    his   death-bed   was 
memorialized  by  a  true  faith  and  perfect  trust  in  the 
promises  of  his  future  life  and  happiness  with  God. 

CUMMINS,  ROBERT  HAZLETT,  M.  D..  of 
Wheeling,  VV.Va.,  was  born  at  Washington,  Pa.,  Feb- 
ruary 17th,  1 8 17,  died  of  pleuro-pneumonia  at  the 
residence  of  his  mother,  near  Wheeling,  April  12th, 
1873.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  James  and  Mary 
Cummins,  well-to-do  farmers  in  Belmont  Co.,  O.  He 
was  educated  at  Washington  College,  Pa.,  from  which 
he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 


ROCKY    MOUSIAIN    MKDICAI.   ASSOCIATION.         Iy7 


1  County,  in 
urcs  at  Star- 
lerc  he  jjratl- 
icniovcd  to 
c,  and  which 
jf  his  death, 
iity    Medical 

of  Illinois, 
?o5,  and  an 
ate  Medical 
as  frequently 

and  Anieii- 
:  a  writer,  his 
the  advance- 
is  twice  mar- 
ren,  who  sur- 
(Second  wife, 
;h  his  whole 
lous,  charita- 
tly  calculated 
nd  distressed. 
;ath-bed  was 
:t  trust  in  the 
with  God. 

•,  M.  D..  of 
ton.  Pa.,  Feb- 
Tionia  at  the 
J,  April  1 2th, 
es  and  Mary 
;  Co.,  O.  He 
I.,  from  which 
aster  of  Arts. 


His  nit  dical  studies  were  pursued  untler  the  direc- 
tion (tf  Dr.  V.  J.  LeMoyne,  of  his  native  town,     After 
attending'  the  usual  course  of  lectures  at  the  University 
of  IVnnsylvania  he  received  his  de^jree  of  M.  D.,  in 
1841.     Shortly  after  this  he  located   in  VVheelinjj,  W. 
Va.,  and  formed  a  co-partnership  with  Dr.  James  W. 
Clemens,  an  arrant,'ement  which  continued  as  lonfj  as 
the  latter  lived.     Since  1^50  the  youn^jest  brother  of 
Dr.  James  Cummins  had  been  associated  with  him  in 
practice.     His  professional  career  extended  over  thirty- 
two  years.     His  last  illness  was  brief,  which  he  bore 
with  Christian  fortitude.     He  fully  appreciated  the  fact 
that  it  was  likely  to  prove  fatal,  and  discussed  with  his 
colleagues  attending,'  him  the  most  appropriate  treat- 
ment and  the  probable  value  of  remedies  in  his  case; 
submissive  and  confiding,   resigning  all  to    his    Re- 
deemer.    His  last  request  was  to  be  embalmed,  and 
that  a  post-mortom  be  made  by  the  faculty  of  Wheel- 
ing.    He  was  a  man  of  great  energy,  untiring  industry, 
and  devotion  to  the  best  interests  of  the  profession, 
and  stood  deservedly  at   its  head  in  West  Virginia. 
His  literary  qualifications  were  of  the  first  order.     His 
conscientious  discharge  of  duty  and  laborious  charac- 
ter cniibled  him  to  bring  to  every  investigation  the 
best  attainable  knowledge.     As  a  citizen  he  was  pub- 
lic-spirited, and  greatly  beloved  by   rich    and  poor. 
He  was  President  of  the  Wheeling  and  Ohio  County 
Medical  Society  in  1870-71,  and  President-elect  of  the 
State  of  West  Virginia  Medical  Society  at  the  time  of 
his  death.      He   contributed  a   number   of  valuable 
papers  to  the  American  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences, 
and  his  address  to  the  State  Medical  Society  was  pre- 


198 


niOGKAPinCAL   SKETCHES. 


pared  before  his  death,  and  was  read  b}'  a  fellow- 
member  (Dr.  E.  A.  Ilildreth,)  at  the  regular  meeting 
of  the  Society.  He  was  an  honorary  member  of  the 
California  State  Medical  Society,  and  a  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association.  In  1849,  Dr. 
Cummins  was  united  in  marriage  to  Ann,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Ott.who,  with  six  children,  survives  him. 

.-IV  ■  ■  '    -    »  ',     :"       .  ,-       ---:  ;    :. 

CURTIS,  EDWARD  M.,  M.  D.,  born  in  the  town 
of  Warren,  Vt,  February  16,  1840;  died  at  Sacra- 
mento, Cal.,  May  12.  1874.  He  received  a  good 
academic  education,  and  was  prosecuting  the  study  of 
medicine  when  the  war  of  the  rebellion  broke  out.  The 
enthusiasm  of  youthful  patriotism  induced  him  to 
volunteer  in  the  First  Vermont  Regiment.  On  the 
expiration  of  his  enlistment,  which  was  a  short  one, 
he  resumed  his  studies  and  graduated  a  Doctor  of 
Medicine  at  the  University  of  Vermont  in  1862.  In 
August,  1863,  he  was  commissioned  Assistant  Sur- 
geon in  the  Sixth  Vermont  Infantry,  with  which  he 
served  continuously  until  October,  1 864,  when  he  was 
made  Surgeon  of  the  Fourth  Vermont  Infantry. 
Shortly  after  he  was  promoted  to  the  important  post 
of  Brigade  and  then  to  Division  Surgeon,  in  which 
position  he  served  with  distinction  to  the  close  of  the 
wai.  On  being  mustered  out  of  service  he  repaired 
to  the  city  of  New  York,  where  he  devoted  himself 
assiduously,  under  the  direction  of  Drs.  Agnew, 
Noyes,  and  Knapp,  to  a  most  careful  study  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  eye  and  ear.  In  1867  Dr.  Curtis  opened 
an  office  in  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  intending  to  engage  only 
in  his  specialty,  but  did  not  find  sufficient  encourage- 


b)'  a  fellow- 
;iilar  meccing 
ember  of  the 
I  member  of 
n  1849,  Dr. 
I,  daughter  of 
/es  him. 

1  in  the  town 
ed  at  Sacra- 
ived  a  good 
J  the  study  of 
okeout.  The 
uced  him  to 
lent.  On  the 
5  a  short  one, 
a  Doctor  of 
in  1862.  In 
Assistant  Sur- 
vith  which  he 
when  he  was 
ont  Infantry, 
mportant  post 
;eon,  in  which 
e  close  of  the 
ce  he  repaired 
voted  himself 
Drs.  Agnew, 
idy  of  the  dis- 
Curtis  opened 
)  engage  only 
:nt  encourage- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.  I99 

ment,  and  was  therefore  reluctantly  obliged  to  engage 
in  general  practice.     He,  however,  had  much  patron- 
age   and    special     encouragement     in     his     favorite 
brandies.     In  1870  he  perceived  that  his  health  began 
to  suffer  from  the  seeds  of  disease  contracted  from  the 
hardships    endured    in  the   public   service.     This  in- 
duced him  to  move  to  Colorado,  where  he  spent  the 
winter.     Here,  under   the  influence  of  high  altitude 
and  an   invigorating  atmosphere,  he  recovered  suffi- 
ciently to  return  to  the  active  duties  of  his  profession. 
In  the  spring  of  1871   he  went  to  California  and  was 
accredited   J  s  a    Delegate  to  the  American  Medical 
Association  from    the    Medical    Society    of  Oswego. 
He  was  so  well  pleased  with  the  Pacific  that,  in  the 
hope  of  recovering  his  health,  he  concluded  to  settle 
in  Sacramento.     He  speedily  made  friends,  and  suc- 
cessfully pursued  his  .specialty,  and  not  only  enjoyed 
the  confidence  of  the  profession,  but  that  of  a  generous 
public.     But  the  precarious  condition  of  his  health  at 
times   was  a  serious  drawback,  and,  with  a  view  of 
restoring  it,  if  possible,  he  engaged  as  a  surgeon  for  a 
trip    on  one  of  the  Australian  steamers,  and  after  a 
voyage  of  three  months  returned  somewhat  invigo- 
rated,   but    unfortunately   not    cured.     Although    he 
again  engaged  in  practice,  it  was  evident  to  his  friends 
and  to  himself  that  his  professional  work  was  near  a 
final    close.     Dr.    Curtis   was    married    to   Abbie    L. 
Humphrey,  in  November,  1864,  but  they  had  no  chil- 
dren.    His  wife  survives  him  and  brought  his  remains 
to   Burlington,  Vt.,   where   they  are   interred.     The 
Doctor  was  an  ardent  student  and  well  posted  in  the 
literature  of  his  profession,  and  particularly  in  all  the 


M 


*l 


200 


niOGRAPUlCAL   SKETCHES. 


! 


branches  to  which  he  was  especially  devoted.  He 
early  connected  himself  with  medical  organizations 
and  took  an  active  part  in  their  proceedings.  As 
early  as  June,  1869,  he  read  a  valuable  paper  on 
"Asthenopia,  or  weak  sight,"  before  the  Medical  Asso- 
ciation of  Central  New  York,  This  was  published  in 
the  Nav  York  Medical  younial,  and  also  in  pamphlet 
form,  in  October,  1 871,  he  read  a  paper  before  the 
Medical  Society  of  California,  entitled  "Why  do  we 
wear  spectacles?"  (See  Transactions  of  Medical 
Society  of  California,  and  also  pamphlet.)  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  read  before  the  California  State  Med- 
ical Society,  a  pp.per  on  "  Amblyopia  potatorum." 
(See  Transactions  and  pamphlet.)  In  1873  he  read 
before  the  same  society  a  paper  entitled  "  How  we 
become  deaf"  (See  Transactions  and  also  pam- 
phlet.) In  1874  he  read  before  the  Sacramento 
Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  a  paper  on  "The 
use  of  atrophia  in  ophthalmic  practice."  {See  Pacific 
Medical  and  Surgical  yournal  and  also  pamphlet.) 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Ophthalmological 
Society;  the  Medical  Association  of  Central  New 
York  ;  the  Oswego  County  and  City  Medical  Society; 
the  California  State  Medical  Society;  the  Sacramento 
Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  and  the  American 
Medical  Association. 


CURWEN,  JOHN,  M.  D..  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  was 
born  at  Lower  Merion,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  Septem- 
ber 20,  1 82 1.  After  attending  the  public  schools  of 
his  neighborhood  he  was  sent  to  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Phinney's  Acji     my  at  Newburgh,  N.  Y.     From  there 


:^'Jiiji>tiirl"  li'l'W 


warn 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        201 


•  devoted.  He 
I  organizations 
oceedings.  As 
uable  paper  on 
:  Medical  Asso- 
as  published  in 
so  in  pamphlet 
aper  before  the 
1  "Why  do  we 
3  of  Medical 
ilet.)  The  fol- 
nia  State  Med- 
ia potatorum." 

1873  he  read 
:led  "  How  we 
nd  also  pam- 
le  Sacramento 
3apcr  on  "The 
"  {See  Pacific 
Iso  pamphlet.) 
hthalmological 

Central  New 
edical  Society; 
he  Sacramento 
I  the  American 


sburg,  Pa.,  was 
o.,  Pa.,  Septem- 
blic  schools  of 
t  Rev.  Samuel 
''.     From  there 


he  went  to  Yale  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1841. 
In  September  of  the  same  year  he  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  William  Harris,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  graduated  from  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  1844.  He  wrote  his  thesis  on  "Scrofulous 
Ophthalmia,"  and  was  from  July,  1843,  to  June  3, 
1844,  ^  student  in  Will's  Hospital.  At  this  date  he 
entered  as  an  Assistant  Physician  the  Department 
for  the  Insane  in  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  where  he 
remained  until  October  i,  1849,  when  he  resigned, 
spending  his  time  in  general  practice  and  attending 
the  hospitals  until  February  6,  1 851,  when  he  was 
elected  Superintendent  of  the  State  Lunatic  Hospital 
at  Harrisburg.  Here  he  has  built  up,  and  still  con- 
ducts, a  large  State  hospital  for  the  treatment  of  the 
insane.  In  1850  he  published  a  small  work  entitled 
"  Manual  for  attendants  of  hospitals  for  the  Insane." 
Besides  the  annual  reports  of  his  institution,  he  has 
contributed  valuable  papers  on  the  treatment  of  the 
insane,  to  the  American  Medical  Association,  to  the 
Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  to 
the  Society  of  the  Superintendents  of  Hospitals  for  the 
Insane.  He  also  wrote  papers  advocating  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  hospital  by  the  State  at  Danville  and 
Warren,  for  the  insane  of  Pennsylvania,  with  other 
memorials,  to  advance  the  cause  of  the  proper  care  of 
the  insane.  He  was  President  of  the  State  Medical 
Society  of  Pennsylvania  in  1 868,  on  which  occasion 
he  read  an  admirable  address,  mainly  devoted  to  his 
specialty.  In  1871  the  Doctor  visited  California  to 
attend  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, as  a  Delegate  from  the  Dauphin  County  Medical 


\\:\ 


If 


202 


niOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


Society.     He  visited  the  hospitals  for  the  insane  and 
other  pubHc  charities  of  Cahfornia,  and  expresses  him- 
self highly  gratified  with   their  condition.     Taking  a 
few  weeks'  recreation,  he  also  visited  Sonora,  Napa 
and    Yosemite    Valleys ;     also    Stockton,    and     the 
Calaveras  big  trees.     He  left  with  the  impression  that 
a  visit  to  the  Pacific  coast  well  repays  for  the  labor, 
and  that  California  is  a  delightful  place  of  residence. 
Dr.  Curwen  is   a  member   of  the  Dauphin    County 
Medical  Society,  Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society, 
American  Medical  Association,  and  of  the  Association 
of  Medical    Superintendents    of  Institutions    for    the 
Insane,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.     In  1862  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
was    conferred    upon  him  by  Jefferson  College.     He 
is  also  a  corresponding  and  honorary  member  of  a 
number  of  learned  societies.  .  Dr.  C.    has  given    his 
whole  professional  life  to  the  specialty  of  caring  for  the 
insane,  and  has  long  occupied  a  de.servedly  eminent 
position  in  the  profession.      In  1873  he  lost  by  death 
his  wife.     He  has  one  child,  a  daughter,  living. 

CUTTER,  EPHRAIM,  M.  D.,  of  Cambridge,  Mass., 
was  born  at  Woburn,  Middlesex  Co.,  Mass.,  September 
1st,  1832.  He  is  the  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Benjamin  Cutter, 
who  honored  his  profession  in  Woburn  for  nearly, 
forty  years.  His  mother  was  a  woman  of  energy,  cul- 
ture and  intelligence.  His  maternal  grandfather  was 
Amos  Whittemore,  the  celebrated  inventor  of  the  card 
machine  of  the  last  century.  Dr.  Cutter  was  educated 
at  the  Warren  Academy  in  his  native  town,  and  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  College,  A.  B.  in   1852,  and  A.  M.  in 


^tvw.yiPiwtyvir'yr-f '  !i»  *■  - 1 1'lmiinHM 


e  insane  and 
cprcsses  him- 
1.     Taking  a 
ionora,  Napa 
in,    and     the 
ipression  that 
for  the  labor, 
of  residence, 
phin    County 
dical  Society, 
e  Association 
:ions    for    the 
the  California 
jrce  of  LL.  D. 
College.     He 
member  of  a 
las  given    hi.s 

caring  for  the 
/edly  eminent 

lost  by  death 


bridge,  Mass., 
ss.,  September 
njamin  Cutter, 
rn  for  nearly, 
jf  energy,  cul- 
andfather  was 
tor  of  the  card 
r  was  educated 
vn,  and  gradu- 
and  A.  M.  in 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


203 


1855.  His  medical  degrees  were  received  at  Harvard 
College  in  1856  and  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1857.  He  commenced  practice  in  1856,  in  Woburn, 
where  he  labored  for  nineteen  years  with  success  and 
reputation.  In  1865,  he  opened  an  office  in  Boston 
for  the  special  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  throat  and 
lungs.  This  he  still  attends  a  portion  of  the  week. 
In  1875  he  removed  to  Cambridge.  In  his  new  loca- 
tion he  has  confined  his  practice  to  his  specialties. 
For  years  he  has  been  making  a  careful  study  of  con- 
sumption, as  well  as  the  causes  and  nature  of  chronic 
diseases.  In  the  course  of  his  investigations  he  has 
been  able  to  make  micro-photographs  of  the  dis- 
eased appearances  of  the  blood  in  phthisis  and  syph- 
ilis, which  have  been  pronounced  by  good  judges  to  be 
admirable.  He  and  his  associate  were  among  the  first 
to  use  objectives  as  high  as  the  1-50  inch  and  1-75 
inch  in  micro-photography.  He  has  made  modifica- 
tions of  the  methods  so  that  they  have  become  quite 
simple  and  practicable  to  other  workers.  The  Doctor 
is  an  ardent  lover  of  his  profession,  and  a  prolific 
writer,  having  contributed  over  eighty  papers  and  arti- 
cles to  medical  literature.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
committee  for  a  revision  of  the  United  States  Pharma- 
copoeia in  the  convention  of  i860.  In  1862  he  visited 
Europe  and  was  influential  in  introducing  the  veratrum 
viride  as  an  arterial  sedative.  In  this  visit  he  came  in 
contact  with  most  of  the  leading  medical  men  in 
Great  Britain  and  Austria.  In  1861  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Citizens'  Committee  of  One  Hundred 
Massachusetts  Soldiers'  fund,  embracing  the  most  emi- 
nent civilians  in  the  state.     Dr.  C.  is  united  in  marriage 


mi..." 


i-li^aJ»«;A',^.1h■Vi<XS^ 


II 


304 


IlIOGKAPHICAI,   SKKTCHES 


to  Rebecca  L.  Sullivan,  and  has  had  nine  children, 
five  of  whom  are  living,    Benjamin,   ICphraim,  John 
Ashburton,  Grace  Dunning,  and  Edward  Parker.    The 
Doctor  is  an  inventive  genius  and  has  greatly  im- 
proved some  of  our  surgical  instruments,  as  well  as 
made  a  few  new  ones  of  value  to  the  profession.     In 
1858  he  devised  a  laryngoscope  and  other  accessory 
appliances  and  instruments   for  operating   upon  the 
throat.     By  his  procedure  the  tube  can  be  omitted  in 
tracheotomy  and  in  the  operation  of  thyrotomy  for  the 
removal  of  new  growths  from  the  larynx.     He  is  well 
known   for  his  devices  for   the  relief  of  anteversion 
and  the  other  uterine  displacements.     He  has  gotten 
up  new  forms  of  the  clinical  microscope,  which  render 
it  more  convenient  for  use  at  the  bedside.     His  in- 
valid-bed was  noticed  in  the  Centennial  of  American 
Surgery.     His  invalid-chair   has   received  the   most 
flattering  encomiums  from  those  who  have  used  them. 
His  ecraseur  for   post-pharyngeal   and  intra-uterine 
polypi   was  warmly  praised   by   Dr.    H.    R.   Storer. 
He  invented  new  electrodes  and  a  battery  for  the  ap- 
plication of  galvanism  to  subserous  uterine  fibroids, 
the  results  of  forty-three  cases  of  which  have  been  pub- 
lished.    He   is   a   welUread,   intelligent,  and  accom- 
complished  physician  of  indefatigable  industry   and 
perseverance.     He   is   a    member   of   the   American 
Medical  Association,  of  the  American  Public  Health 
Association,  of  the   Massachusetts   Medical  Society, 
of  the  Middlesex  South  District   Medical  Society,  of 
the  Cambridge  Improvement  Medical  Society,  and  an 
honorary   member  of  the   California  State   Medical 
Society,  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  Medical  Society, 


^■■itfystfy-*'^;:.ii 


ROCKV  MOr*  tain    MEniCAI,   ASSOCIATION. 


205 


nine  children, 
phraim,  John 
'<  Parker.  The 
s  greatly  ini- 
Its,  as  well  as 
rofession.  In 
her  accessory 
ing   upon  the 

be  omitted  in 
rotoniy  for  the 
K.  He  is  well 
if  anteversion 
-le  has  gotten 
,  which  render 
side.     His  in- 

of  American 
ved  the  most 
ive  used  them. 
J  intra-uterine 
H.  R.  Storer. 
sry  for  the  ap- 
terine  fibroids, 
have  been  pub- 
it,  and  accom- 

industry  and 
the   American 

Public  Health 
Lidical  Society, 
ical  Society,  of 
Society,  and  an 

State  Medical 
[edical  Society, 


and  of  the  Middlesex,  Mass.,  l^ast  District  Medical 
Society.  When  in  California  he  visited  the  Geysers, 
Yosemite  Valley,  Lake  Tahoe,  Virginia  City,  and 
other  localities  of  special  interest  to  strangers.  The 
following  are  the  titles  of  a  few  of  Dr.  Cutter's  more 
important  publications : 

Boylston  Prize  Essay,  1857. 

Report  on  the  Zymoses  in  1857.  Massachusetts  Medical  Society, 
1858. 

Dr.  N.  R.  Smith's  Anterior  Splint.     //'iW.,  1858. 

Experiment  with  animal  Vaccination,  i860.  The  firs!  to  show  the 
feasibility  of  Tacfina/i/i^i,'  kine. 

Veratrum  Viride  as  a  Therapeutical  Agent.     Pamphlet,  1862. 

Thyrotomy  Modified.     Pamphlet,  1872. 

Emptor  Therapeutique  dii  Veratrum  Viride.  Pamphlet,  Paris,  1862, 
etc. 

Partial  Report  on  the  production  of  Vaccine  Virus  in  the  United 
States.     Pamphlet,  1872. 

"Is  Flour  our  proper  food?''     Pamphlet,  1875. 

A  new  b.ittery  and  electrodes  for  Uterine  Fibroids.     Reprint,  1876. 

A  contribution  to  the  treatment  of  Uterine  Versions  and  Flexions. 
Pamphlet,  1872. 

The  same,  rewritten  in  book  form,  1876. 

Food  as  a  medicine  in  Uterine  Fibroids.     An  essay,  1877. 

A  New  Resting  Chair,  1877. 

Treatment  of  Consumption  by  Animal  Food,  1876. 

Indian  Meal  as  a  vehicle'for  heat,  1874.  ; 

A  New  Clinical  Microscope,  1869.  ' 

A  new  Eustachian  Catheter.  1872.  American  Journal  of  Medical 
Sciences. 

DAVIS,  NATHAN  SMITH,  M.  D.,  of  Chicago, 
111.,  was  born  January  9,  1817,  in  a  log  cabin  built 
by  his  father  on  a  farm  taken  up  in  the  forest,  near  the 
town  of  Greene,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  is  the 
youngest  of  seven  children  of  Dow  and  Eleanor 
(Smith)  Davis,  enterprising  pioneers  and  agriculturists 
of  Western  New  York.     His  father  was  born  near  the 


li- 


-£»SK6SMfi>ift^fflfcji 


206 


lUOfiKAPllICAI.   SKETCHES. 


Hudson,  in  New  York,  and  lived  to  be  over  ninety 
years  of  age.  His  mother  died  at  the  age  of  forty-five, 
when  the  Doctor  was  but  seven  years  old.  His  edu- 
cation was  acquired  in  the  common  district  school, 
which  was  taught  only  during  the  winter;  the  re- 
mainder of  the  year,  until  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  spent 
in  working  on  the  farm  with  his  father  and  brothers. 
He  was  from  childhood  of  spare  habit,  and  of  a  very 
active  nervous  temperament.  An  outdoor  life  doubt- 
less assisted  much  in  the  development  of  a  healthy 
physical  organization,  which  under  less  favorable  cir- 
cumstances might  have  succumbed  or  entailed  a  feeble 
constitution.  Habits  of  industry,  too,  were  thus  ac- 
quired and  .self-reliance  inculcated. 

An  inherent  love  of  study,  with  great  facility  in  ac- 
quiring knowledge,  had  already  placed  him  in  advance 
of  the  subjects  taught  in  the  common  schools.  His 
father  discerning  the  strong  bent  of  his  mind,  though 
with  but  scant  means,  did  what  he  could  to  procure 
for  him  a  better  education  than  the  district  school  af- 
forded. With  this  view,  in  his  sixteenth  year,  he  was 
sent  to  Cazenovia  Seminary,  in  Madison  County, 
where  he  studied  chemistry,  natural  philosophy,  his- 
tory, algebra,  Latin,  etc.  Although  he  did  not  remain 
long  at  the  seminary,  he  nevertheless  was  confirmed 
in  his  taste  for  higher  studies  and  a  determination  to 
acquire  a  profession.  Nature  had  endowed  him  with 
strong  perceptive  faculties,  which,  with  his  industry, 
were  then  laying  the  foundation  in  the  acquisition  of 
knowledge  and  correct  habits,  which  has  led  on  to  his 
eminent  success  in  life. 

In  April,  1834,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 


Liini  iniiiuiiii.iLi.iin.jij- .— umHWiMWI 


wmm 


AvAfe 


ovcr  ninety 
of  forty-five, 
J.  His  cdu- 
itrict  school, 
Iter;  the  re- 
cen,  he  spent 
mcl  brothers, 
md  of  a  very 
or  life  doubt- 
of  a  healthy 
favorable  cir- 
taileda  feeble 
i^ere  thus  ac- 

facility  in  ac- 
m  in  advance 
ichools.  His 
mind,  though 
Id  to  procure 
ct  school  af- 

ycar,  he  was 
ison  County, 
ilosophy,  his- 
id  not  remain 
'as  confirmed 
ermination  to 
tved  him  with 

his  industry, 
acquisition  of 

led  on  to  his 

udy  of  medi- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MKOICAL   ASSOCIATION.         207 

cine  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Daniel  Clark,  of  Sniithville 
Flats,  Chenantjo  Co.,  N.  Y.     lie  boarded    with    his 
preceptor,  in  consideration  of  which  he  rendered  some 
service.     In    October    of   this  year   he    matriculated 
in  the  College  of  Physicians    and    Surgeons    of  the 
West<-rn  District  of  New  York,  located  at  Fairfield. 
This  institution  at  this  time  had  a  most  excellent 
faculty.     At  the  end  of  the  first  lecture  term  he  en- 
tereil    the  office  of  Dr.  Thomas    Jackson,  then    the 
leading  physician  of  Ringhamton.     His  pupilage  was 
continued    under  this  last-named  physician  until   he 
graduated,  at  the  close  of  his  third  course  of  lectures, 
from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  Fair- 
field, in  January,  1837,  and  before  he  was  twenty-one 
years  of  age.     His  thesis  was  on  "Animal  Tempera- 
ture," in  which  he  combated  the  then  faulty  doclrine 
that  the  heat  of  the  body  was  produced  by  the  union 
of  oxygen  and  carbon  in  the  lungs.     Its  merits  in- 
duced the  faculty  to  select  it  to  be  read  before  the 
Trustees  on  Commencement  Day,  as  a  part  of  the 
public  exercises. 

About  this  time.  Dr.  Daniel  Chatfield,  of  Vienna, 
Oneida  County,  in  consequence  of  failing  health,  ap- 
plied to  the  faculty  for  the  assistance  of  a  young  phy- 
sician. Dr.  Davis  being  recommended,  accepted,  and 
accordingly  commenced  practice  at  this  place  in  P^b- 
ruary,  1837.  It  did  not,  however,  present  sufficient 
attractions  to  a  man  of  his  ability  and  aspirations, 
although  his  time  was  fully  occupied,  owing  in  part 
perhaps  to  the  protracted  ill-health  and  absence  of  Dr. 
Chatfield.  At  the  expiration  of  four  months  Dr. 
Davis  removed  to  Binghamton,  Broome  County,  and 


I,  ' 


IT' 


ftt^gmttaamtrnmOm 


liHi!  idrfiiiii 


20S 


niOORAIMIlCAr.   SKETCHES. 


opened  an  office.  Hero  he  speedily  won  the  esteem 
of  tlic  inhabitants  and  acquired  a  {jood  and  an  increas- 
ing practice. 

On  the  5tli  of  March,  1838,  Dr.  Davis  was  united 
in  marria},'e  to  Anna  Maria,  daiij,'hter  of  Hon.  John 
Parker,  of  Vienna.  They  have  three  children,  all  liv- 
injj,  two  sons  and  a  dauj^hter.  I  lis  oldest  son,  Frank 
M.,  is  a  physician  in  good  practice  in  Chicago. 

The  studious  habits  and  almost  unwearying  powers 
of  application  developed  in  youth  in  our  subject  have 
not  forsaken  him  since  he  has  became  engrossed  in  a 
laborious  practice  ;  on  the  contrary,  he  seems  to  have 
been  constantly  widening  and  extending  his  scientific 
inquiries  and  studies.  Among  the  themes  that  early 
engaged  his  special  attention  were  practical  chemistry 
and  medical  botany.  Hi«  mind  has  been  occasionally 
directed  to  many  other  branches  of  the  natural 
sciences.  During  the  early  years  of  his  practice,  to 
perfect  himself  in  anatomy  and  to  instruct  his 
students,  he  dissected  each  winter,  in  an  upper  room 
attached  to  his  office,  one  or  two  cadavers,  which  he 
had  generally  to  procure  himself.  At  this  period  he 
occasionally  and  by  .special  request  gave  lectures  in 
the  Binghamton  Academy,  and  in  the  larger  district 
schools  of  that  section  of  the  state,  on  physiology  and 
botany.  He  has  been  from  the  commencement  of 
his  professional  career  a  most  diligent  student,  taking 
not  only  an  active  but  a  leading  part  in  all  measures 
that  had  for  their  object  the  increase  of  medical  knowl- 
edge and  the  improvement  of  the  general  sanatory 
condition  of  the  community  in  which  he  resided. 

He  was  an  active  member  of  the  Lyceum  Debating 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    ^fEnICAL   ASSOCIATION.         SOQ 


I  the  esteem 
1  an  increas- 

was  united 
f  lion.  J«)lui 
Jren,  all  liv- 
t  son,  Frank 
cago. 

ying  powers 
subject  have 
[grossed  in  a 
;cms  to  have 
his  scientific 
:s  that  early 
al  chemistry 
occasionally 
the  natural 
>  practice,  to 
instruct    his 

upper  room 
rs,  which  he 
is  period  he 
'c  lectures  in 
irgcr  district 
ysiology  and 
encement  of 
jdent,  taking 
all  measures 
;dical  knowl- 
ral  sanatory 
•esidcd. 
im  Debating 


Society  of  Hinghamton.  IVactice  of  this  kind  doubt- 
less enabled  him  early  to  overcome  any  n.itural  diffi- 
dence of  manners,  so  that  his  contemporaries  only 
know  iiim  as  a  ready  and  forcible  speaker.  1  le  wrote 
for  the  medical  journals  almost  from  the  time  he  en- 
tered the  profession,  and  some  of  his  first  contribu- 
tions have  been  widely  copied.  This  was  notably 
true  of  his  article  on  the"  Physiology  of  the  lirain." 
which  appeared  in  the  first  volume  (1S44)  of  the 
American  Journal  of  Insanity,  p.  235,  and  was  exten- 
sively commented  on  by  the  luiropean  journals.  Im- 
mediately after  going  to  Jiinghamton  he  joined  the 
County  Medical  Society,  and  in  1838,  was  one  of  the 
Broome  County  Medical  Society  Censors. 

In  1840  he  won  the  prize  offered  by  the  New  York 
State  Medical  Society,  in  1 838,  "for  the  best  essay  on 
di.seases  of  the  spinal  column,  their  causes,  diagnosis, 
history,  and  mode  of  treatment."  {Trans.  N.  V.  State 
Mai.  Soc,  1840,  p.  262.)  In  1841  he  contributed  an 
article  to  the  American  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences 
(new  series,  vol.  2,  1 841,  p.  371)  describing  a  case  of 
double  hare-lip,  both  fissures  extending  through 
the  roof  of  the  mouth  and  palate.  In  1842  he  con- 
tributed a  paper  to  the  New  York  State  Medical  Soci- 
ety ( Trans.,  p.  44),  entitled  "  A  Brief  Review  of  Dr. 
Marshall  Hall's  Views  on  the  Excito-Motary  system 
of  Nerves,"  for  which  he  received  the  unanimous 
thanks  of  the  Society.  {Trans.,  p.  79.)  The  .same 
year  he  contributed  a  very  suggestive  paper  on  the 
epidemic  influenza,  as  it  prevailed  at  Binghamton  in 
the  spring,  of  1843.  (.V.  Y.  Jour.  Med.  and  Coll. 
Sd.,  vol.  I.,  1843,  p.  362.     In  1843  he  communicated 


210 


niOfiKAIMIICAI.  SKETCHES. 


an  intcrostintj  paper  entitled,  "  Medical  and  Topo- 
grapiiical  sketches  of  Hin^jlianiton  ami  the  surround- 
in^j  country."     {Trans.  N.   Y.  Stn/c  Med.  Soc,  1H43, 

In  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  l)ele{;ate  to  the 
New  York  State  Medical  Society  from  Uroomc 
County.  He  was  Secretary  of  the  County  Medical 
Society  in  1.S41,  184J,  and  184^,  and  also  Librarian 
the  last  year,  retaining;  this  office  until  he  lelt  the 
county.  In  1844  he  communicated  to  the  New  York 
State  Medical  Society, "  The  Medico-Legal  Testimony 
in  the  trial  of  Mrs.  Turpennin^  for  the  Murder  of  her 
Husband,  with  Observations  on  the  same."  [Trans. 
N.  y.  State  Med.  Soc,  1 844,  /.  50.)  I  le  served  on  sev- 
eral leadinjj  committei  s  at  this  meetin<f  of  the  Society, 
one  of  which  was  especially  important,  relating  to 
"  What  alter.itions,  if  any,  are  recjuired  in  the  existing 
laws  regulating  the  practice  of  physic  in  the  state  ?" 
(Traits.  N.  Y.  State  Med.  Soc.,  iS^.f,  appendix,  p.  u.) 
The  same  year  he  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  of  Correspondence  relating  to  Medical 
Education  and  Iv\amination,  and  made  an  able  report 
in  1845,  with  recommendation  for  legislation.  (Trans. 
N.  Y.  State  Med.  Soc.,  1845,  appendix,  p.  119.)  He 
also  issued  a  circular  to  medical  colleges  and  to  medi- 
cal societies  for  an  expression  of  their  judgment  as  to 
expediency  of  separating  entirely  the  business  of  teach- 
ing and  licensing  in  the  medical  profession.  {Trans. 
N.  Y.,  State  Med.  Soc,  1845,  appendix,  p.  119.)  He 
published  a  report  of  the  evidence  taken  in  the  case  of 
The  People  7's.  Riley  Drake,  on  an  indictment  for 
manslaughter  in  the  fourth  degree,  tried  at  Bingham- 


I  antl  Topo- 
;hc  siirround- 
/.  Siu:,  1.S4J. 

.'Icfjate  to  the 
om  Hroonic 
iiiity  Medical 
Iso  Librarian 
1  he  Icit  tlie 
>c  New  York 
al  Testimony 
[urder  of  her 
lie."  {'/hnis. 
crved  on  sev- 
f  the  Society, 
:,  relating  to 
1  tlie  existing 
1  the  state  ?" 
:>ii/i.v,  p.  12.) 
rnian  of  the 
to  Medical 
n  able  report 
:ion.  C  Trans. 
P.  119.)  He 
and  to  medi- 
dgnient  as  to 
ness  of  teach- 
ion.  {Trans, 
p.  1 19.)  He 
in  the  case  of 
idictment  for 
at  Bingham- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MF.niCAI.   ASSOCIATION.         211 

ton  in  1844  (^V.  Y.  Jour.  Mci.  and  Coll.  Sci.,  vol.  3., 
1844.  />.  343.)  In  1845.  at  the  mcxting  of  the  New 
York  State  Medical  Society,  Dr.  Davis  offered  the 
following  resolutioti,  which  eventuated  in  holding,'  the 
first  National  Convention  of  Delegates  from  Medical 
Societies  anc:  Colleges  of  the  United  States  : 

WlliKKAS,  It  islichtvfil  llirtt  a  Nalioiul  Convcnlion  wimlil  l>e  con- 
ducive Id  llie  clcvflliun  of  the  -iLiiulnrd  of  medical  education  111  the 
Unite<l  Slnten;  ond  whfitas,  ihere  i»  no  mode  of  nccomplishinu  so 
deniialple  an  object  without  conceit  of  action  on  the  part  of  the  medical 
gociflii-t,  colleiiCH,  and  institutions  of  .ill  the  Stales  ;  llicreforc. 

"A'avfte,/,  That  the  New  York  Slate  Medical  Society  earnestly 
recommend  a  N.itional  Conventirm  of  Delegates  from  Medical 
Societies  and  Collcj^es  in  the  whole  Union,  to  convene  in  the  city  of 
New  YorV.on  the  fust  Tuesday  in  May,  in  the  year  i8,j6,  for  ihc 
put  pose  of  ndoptint;  some  concerted  action  on  the  subject  set  forth  in 
the  foregoint;  prenmhle." 

Drs.  Davis,  McNaughton,  and  Van  Riiren  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  carry  out  the  proposed 
measure.  {'Trans.  N.  V.  S/aW MrU.  Sor.  iH4S,a/>/>cn</i.v, 
p.  148.)  In  November  of  this  year  he  published  an 
article  outlining  the  measures  deemed  important  that 
the  National  Medical  Convention  called  for  May, 
1846,  should  consider  and  act  upon.  The  article 
alluded  to  is  entitled  "  The  New  York  State  Medical 
Society  and  a  National  Medical  Convention."  {N.  Y. 
Jour.  Med.  and  Coll.  Set.,  vol.  5,  p.  416.)  He  also  fur- 
nished information  to  other  medical  journals  and  con- 
ducted an  extensive  correspondence  on  this  subject 
with  influential  medical  gentlemen  in  almost  every 
State  of  the  Union. 

He  published  three  articles  entitled  "National  Med- 
ical Convention"  in  the  spring  of  1846.  (A^.  Y.  Jour. 
Med.  and  Coll.  Sci.  vol.,  6,  pp.  1 3 1-284-43 1 .)  This  year 


iii[ittrttt»jt»^Vii"r  <iif..m*»i  *  aiM 


3f3. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


he  also  contributed  a  paper  entitled  "Observations  on 
an  Obscure  Point  in  Pathology."  {Irans.  N.  Y.  State 
Med.  Soc\,  1845,  p.  70.  According  to  usage,  he  be- 
came, in  the  year  1846,  a  permanent  member  of  the 
New  York  .State  Medical  Society.  (Trans.  State  Med. 
Soc,  list  of  permanent  members),  and  was  elected  an 
honorary  member  in  1866. 

The  activity  of  the  Doctor's  mind  and  his  interest 
in  the  profession  may  be  inferred  from  his  numerous 
and  valuable  contributions  to  medical    journals  and 
to  the  Transactions  of  the  New  York  State  Medical 
Society ;  but  the  origination  of  the  measures  that  led 
to  the  organization  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, and  the  judicious  and  persistent  manner  in  which 
he  pressed  them  forward  to  a  successful  issue,  justly 
entitle  him  to  the  deepest  and  most  lasting  gratitude 
of  the  medical  profession  of  the  United  States.     Since 
the  success  and  national  character  of  the  association 
has  become  established,  others  have  been  inclined  to 
claim  something  of  the  merit  that  belongs  to  its  con- 
ception and  organization.     The  following  are  some  of 
the  contemporary  writers  that  have  fully  conceded  to 
Dr.  Davis  the  honor  of  being  the  father  of  the  Na- 
tional   Medical  Association.     In  prefacing  an  article 
already  referred  to.  Dr.  C.  A.  Lee,  the  editor  of  the 
I^ezv    York  Journal  of  Medicine  and  the    Collateral 
Sciences  (vol  6,  p.  1 1 1),  uses  the  following  language  : 
"We  invite  particular  attention  to  the  following  very 
just  remarks  from  the  gentleman  who  originated  the 
plan  of  a  Convention  as  recommended  by  the  State 
Medical  Society."     The  President  of  the  New  York 
State  Medical  Society  in  1849,  Alexander  H.  Stevens, 


mwwttiM'M'i' 


tm*>i»tit'^'  '■ 


jservations  on 
IS.  N.  Y.  State 
usage,  he  be- 
lember  of  the 
ns.  State  Med. 
vas  elected  an 

nd  his  interest 
his  numerous 

journals  and 
State  Medical 
isures  that  led 
dical  Associa- 
inner  in  which 
il  issue,  justly 
ting  gratitude 
states.     Since 
le  association 
n  inclined  to 
gs  to  its  con- 
g  are  some  of 
'  conceded  to 
IV  of  the  Na- 
ng  an  article 
editor  of  the 
he    Collateral 
ng  language : 
allowing  very 
>riginated  the 

by  the  State 
e  New  York 
r  H.  Stevens, 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         21 3 

M.  D.,  on  page  39  of  the  Transactions,  uses  these  words : 
"  For  having  at  the  instance  of  Dr.  Davis  taken  the 
lead  in  forming  the  National   Medical  Association." 
It    is  true,  however,  that  the    desirableness  of  some 
such  organization  had  occurred  to  others,  and  had 
been  agitated  in  medical  faculties  and^societies,  but  no 
one  had  given  the  project  a  practical  direction.     The 
Convention  which  had  met  in  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
formed  the  United  States  Pharmacopceia  in  1820,  and 
arranged  to  hold  meetings  for  its  revision  every  ten 
years,  proved  to  be  a  great  success,  and  its  action  no 
doubt   suggested  to  the  profession  the  feasibility  of 
holding  conventions   for   other    desirable    purposes. 
The  Medical  Society  of  Vermont  as  early  as  1827 
invited,  by  resolution,  medical  societies  and  institu- 
tions   in    Maine,    New    Hampshire,    Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  and  New  York,  to  meet 
in   convention   at   Northampton,   Mass.     A  meeting 
was  accordingly  held,  and  the  proceedings  have  been 
published   in   pamphlet  form.     This  convention  was 
comparatively  local  as  to  its  call  and  limited  to  a  few 
purposes  of  common  interest.     The  Medical  College 
of  Georgia  in  1835  advocated  the  calling  of  a  conven- 
tion of  all  the  colleges,  so  as  to  advance  medical  edu- 
cation.    The  New  Hampshire  Medical  Society  in  June, 
1838,  passed   a   resolution   that  an  annual    National 
Convention  of  the  medical  schools  and  societies  be 
held,  commencing  in   the  year  1840.     {Amer.  your. 
Med.  Set.,  Nov.,  1838.)     The  Medical  Convention  of 
Ohio  in  the  spring  of  1838  passed  a  similar  resolution, 
recommending  the  holding  of  a  convention  of  the 
medical  schools  and  societies.     {Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Set., 
Aug.,  1838.) 


aWiHWIIiMill 


214 


niOGRAPHICAL   .SKETCHES, 


Although  much  discussion  on  the  subject  had 
taken  place,  the  earliest  distinct  suggestion  that  a 
permanent  National  Medical  Society,  to  meet  annually, 
should  be  formed,  and  that  it  should  embrace  the 
whole  United  States,  I  find  in  a  letter  written  by  Dr. 
Davis    at  Binghamton,  bearing  date    September  22, 

1845,  which  is  published  in  the  November  number  of 
the  Nat.'  York  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Coll.  Set.,  p.  416. 
Dr.  Davis,  in  his  History  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  p.  26,  concedes  the  first  direct  suggestion 
of  forming  a  permanent  National  Medical  Society  as 
coming  from  Dr.  Ticknor,  whose  letter  is  dated  Octo- 
ber 3,  of  the  same  year.  But  Dr.  Davis's  letter,  as 
well  as  Dr.  Ticknor's,  are  given  in  the  same  number 
from  which  the  extracts  referring  to  the  project  are 
taken.  Dr.  D.'s  bears  date  September  22,  1845, 
which  leaves  the  priority  with  him,  and  exemplifies  the 
modesty  of  the  man  in  not  claiming  the  honor  for 
himself  These  facts  are  so  well  known  to  the  pro- 
fession of  the  whole  country,  and  particularly  to  the 
older  members,  who  constantly  alluded  to  him  as  the 
Father  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  that  they 
require  no  farther  elucidation.  It  is  a  matter  of  his- 
tory as  well  as  of  public  notoriety  that  the  convention 
met  in  the  city  of  New  York,  on  the  sixth  of  May, 

1846,  and  was  well  attended.  It  organized  promptly, 
and  continued  its  sessions  for  two  days,  deliberating 
on  all  such  measures  as  were  brought  before  it,  re- 
ferring important  questions  to  committees,  to  report  at 
a  future  meeting,  which  was  arranged  for  and  was 
held  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  May  6th,  1847.  At 
this,  the  second  meeting,  the  association  completed 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         215 


subject  liad 
istion  that  a 
leet  annually, 
embrace  the 
ritten  by  Dr. 
epteniber  22, 
er  number  of 
U.  5f/.,p.  416. 
ican  Medical 
ct  suggestion 
al  Society  as 
3  dated  Octo- 
■is's  letter,  as 
same  number 
e  project  are 
er  22,  1845, 
cemplifies  the 
he  honor  for 
n  to  the  pro- 
:ularly  to  the 
to  him  as  the 
ion, that  they 
natter  of  his- 
le  convention 
ixth  of  May, 
ed  promptly, 
,  deliberating 
before  it,  re- 
s,  to  report  at 
for  and  was 
h,  1847.  At 
n  completed 


its  plan  for  a  permanent  organization;  adopted  a  code 
of  ethics,  and  was  regularly  launched  upon  its  grand 
career  of  usefulness  to  the  profession  of  the  United 
States.     The  age  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion ought  to  be  reckoned  from  its  first  meeting  in 
1846,  when  it  resolved  to  organize  a  National  Medical 
Association,  and  not  from  1848,  as  is  commonly  done. 
At  the  last  meeting  in  Detroit  a  medal  was  ordered 
to  be  struck  bearing  the  likeness  of  Dr.  Davis  on  one 
side,    and   the    words    "American    Medical    Associa- 
tion, 1846"  on  the  obverse,  which  has  been  admirably 
executed  at  the  United  States  Mint,  and  is  now  to  be 
had  by  the  profession.     During  the  thirty-one  years 
this  society  has  existed,  it  has  held  twenty-nine  meet- 
ings.    The  Doctor  has  been  present  at  all  of  them 
save  three.     During  the  reading  of  reports  and  the 
business   of    the   general   session   he   is    always   an 
attentive  observer.     From  the  first  meeting   he  has 
been  almost  always  upon  one  or  more  of  the  import- 
ant committees,  and  has  made  more  reports  than  any 
other  member.     His  official  duties  have  not  kept  him 
from  presenting  valuable  papers  on  a  variety  of  sub- 
jects of  professional  interest.     His  contributions  to  this 
Association  are  so  numerous  that  I  will  not  attempt 
to   give   even   the  titles.     The   deep   and  intelligent 
interest  he  has  always  taken  in  its  success  and  in  the 
elevation  of  the  profession  has  been  apparent  to  all  its 
members,  as  well  as  to  the  professors  in  our  medical 
colleges  and   to  every  reader  of  American  medical 
literature.     No  member  has  ever  had  so  clear  a  percep- 
tion of  the  proper  scope  and  real  province  of  the  Asso- 
ciation as  Dr.  Davis.    As  a  consequence,  whenever  per- 


2l6 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


plexing  questions  have  come  up  in  the  meetings,  none 
was  so  able  to  make  plain  the  duty  of  the  hour,  and 
to  suggest  the  best  modes  of  disposing  of  them.  He 
has  been  honored  by  election  to  almost  every  position 
within  its  gift,  and  twice  chosen  its  President.  He  is 
an  exceedingly  good  debater,  a  close  and  logical 
reasoner,  always  self-possessed,  animated  in  voice  and 
magnetic  in  manner,  with  a  degree  of  familiarity  and 
accurate  knowledge  of  the  medical  institutions  of  our 
country,  and  the  views  of  the  leading  medical  men, 
that  is  not  equaled,  certainly  not  excelled,  by  any 
other  physician  who  has  attended  the  meetings.  This 
gives  hin'  at  once  a  decided  advantage  in  directing 
debates  on  all  questions  affecting  the  purposes  or 
powers  of  the  Association.  From  the  first  meeting  he 
has  kept  .steadily  in  view  the  elevation  of  the  standard 
of  medical  education,  and  has  finally  convinced  the 
profession  of  our  country,  and  the  faculties  of  most 
of  the  colleges,  that  their  lecture  term  ought  to  be 
increased  and  the  classes  graded.* 

In  1859  he  was  instrumental  in  organizing  a  college 
on  the  principle  of  graded  classes,  with  a  six  months' 
lecture  term  and  a  three  years'  course  prior  to  gradu- 
ation. He  assisted  the  institution  largely  with  his  pri- 
vate means,  and  secured  for  it  a  good  medical  library. 
This  .same  principle  has  since  been  adopted  by  Harvard 
University,  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  several 
other  colleges,  and  its  adoption  is  but  a  question  of 
time  with  all  our  first-class  medical  schools.  While 
the  principle  has  not  yet  been  fully  approved  by  all  the 
colleges,  the  influence  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, by  its  persistent  discussion  of  the  subject  of 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


!I7 


meetings,  none 
the  hour,  and 
;  of  them.  He 
t  every  position 
esident.  He  is 
ie  and  logical 
ed  in  voice  and 

familiarity  and 
titiitions  of  our 
f  medical  men, 
celled,  by  any 
leetings.  This 
ige  in  directing 
e  purposes  or 
first  meeting  he 
of  the  standard 

convinced  the 
:ulties  of  most 
Ti  ought  to  be 

lizing  a  college 
i  a  six  months' 
prior  to  gradu- 
rly  with  his  pri- 
nedical  library, 
ted  by  Harvard 
nia,  and  several 
it  a  question  of 
:hools.  While 
oved  by  all  the 
Medical  Asso- 
the  subject  of 


medical  education  and  unceasing  demand  for  higher 
professional  qualifications,  have  done  more  for  reform 
than  all  other  institutions  and  means  combined. 

In  1847,  Dr.  Davis  removed  to  the  city  of  New 
York,  where  he  enjoyed  a  good  practice,  and  the  fol- 
lowing winter,  at  the  solicitation  of  the  Demonstrator 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  he  took 
chargeof  the  dissecting-rooms  and  gave  instruction  in 
practical  anatomy;  and  at  the  suggestion  of  the 
faculty,  gave  a  spring  course  of  lectures  on  Medical 
Jurisprudence. 

Besides  the  contributions  already  referred  to,  the 
following  deserve  special  mention:  A  Few  Observa- 
tions on  some  of  the  most  common  Diseases  of  the 
Digestive  Organs.  {Trans.  N.  V.  State  Med.  Soc,  1847, 
p.  13.);  An  Es.say  on  the  Philosophy  of  Medicine  and 
the  Spirit  in  which  it  should  be  studied  and  practiced 
{N.  Y.  Jour.  Med.  and  Coll.  Sci.,  vol.  9,  1847,/.  176; 
continued,  p.  332,  and  in  vol.  10,  p.  196;;  Medical  VA- 
ucation  and  Reform  {N.  Y.  your.  Med.  and  Coll.  Set., 
vol  8,  1847,  /.  117);  An  essay  on  the  Nature  and  Cur- 
ability of  Heterologous  Tumors  {N'.  Y.Jour.  Med.  and 
Coll.  Sci.,  vol.  10,  1848,  /.  332);  Medical  Reform  (an 
article  in  the  April  No.  1848,  p.  254,  of  the  Annalist, 
for  reform  in  medical  education;  Remedial  value  and 
Proper  Use  of  Alcoholic  Drinks  (written  from  Bing- 
hamton,  in  1848,  to  the  Annalist,  vol.  2,  pp.  313-351); 
Are  Alcoholic  Drinks  capable  of  affording  Nourish- 
ment, etc.,  {Annalist,  vol.  2,  p.  388  ;)  Does  the  Use  of 
Alcoholic  Drinks  increase  Man's  Capability  for  resist- 
ing Cold  ?  {Annalist,  vol.  2,  /.  442  ;)  Essay  on  Scarlet 
Fever  {Annalist,  vol.  2,  pp.  11-26). 


2l8 


niOCiRAPHlCAL  SKETCHES. 


In  1848  he  took  charge  of  the  editing  of  the  Annal- 
ist, then  commencing  its  third  volume,  which  he  con- 
tinued to  pubhsh  until  his  removal  to  Chicago.  In 
July,  1849,  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  I'liysiology 
and  Pathology  in  Rush  Medical  College,  and  in  Au- 
gust started  to  his  new  home  in  Chicago,  and  at  once 
entered  upon  his  duties.  The  following  year  he 
was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Practice  of  Medicine, 
retaining  Pathology.  He  has  from  time  to  time  re- 
ceived numerous  testimonials  of  the  regard  of  his  class 
by  the  presentation  of  different  articles  of  value. 

When  Dr.  Davis  went  to  Chicago  there  was  no 
medical  society  in  that  city  nor  in   the  state.     His 
ability  in  organizing  contributed  largely  to  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Chicago  Medical  Society  and  the  Illinois 
State  Medical  Society,  both  of  which  were  instituted 
in  1850.     He  served  the  State  Medical  Society  twelve 
years  as  Secretary,  and  in  1855   as  President,  and  has 
contributed  to  its  Transactions  one  or  more  valuable 
papers  almost  every  year.     To  the  medical  society  of 
the  city  he  has  contributed  many  papers,  and  printed 
some  of  them  in  his  journals.     He  was  ever  vigilant 
of  the  prevailing  condition  of  the  public  health.     Since 
his  advent  in  Chicago  he  has  been  an  almost  constant 
contributor  to  the  medical  journals,  and  for  more  than 
twenty  years  has  been  the  editor  of  an  enterprising 
medical  periodical,  which  has  been  able  and  indepen- 
dent, as  well  as  practical  and  useful  to  the  profession. 
When  Dr.  Davis  took  up  his  residence   there  in 
1849,  Chicago    was   suffering  from  an   epidemic  of 
cholera.     There  was  at  that  time  no  general  hospital. 
However,  temporary  hospitals  were  improvised,   the 


mmmmm 


"l«t 


ig  of  the  Annal- 
:,  which  he  con- 
to  Chicago.     In 
ir  of  I'hysiology 
ege,  and  in  Au- 
igo,  and  at  once 
lowing   year   he 
ce  of  Medicine, 
:imc  to  time  re- 
egard  of  his  class 
es  of  value. 
JO  there  was  no 
the  state.     His 
ely  to  the  forma - 
r  and  the  Illinois 
I  were  instituted 
:al  Society  twelve 
resident,  and  has 
ar  more  valuable 
fiedical  .society  of 
pers,  and  printed 
was  ever  vigilant 
lie  health.     Since 
1  almost  constant 
md  for  more  than 
)f  an  enterprising 
ibic  and  indepen- 
to  the  profession, 
isidence   there  in 
I  an   epidemic  of 
>  general  hospital. 
:  improvised,   the 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   AS.'^OCIATION. 


219 


Doctor  taking  an  active  part  in  all  the  public  measures 
for  the  care  of  the  sick.  lie  has  many  claims  to  be 
considered  as  among  the  earliest  physicians  in  the 
country  who  give  intelligent  thought  to  the  .subject  of 
preventive  medicine.  The  evidences  of  this  may  be 
found  in  the  many  papers  read  before  the  Medical 
Association  and  other  leading  societies,  of  Chicago, 
as  well  as  in  the  pages  of  the  medical  journal  published 
by  himself. 

With  the  view  of  showing  the  necessity  and  develop- 
ing a  public  .sentiment  in  favor  of  greater  sanitary  ob- 
.servances  in  the  city  to  protect  the  public  health,  and 
also  the  founding  and  supporting  of  a  general  hospi- 
tal, Dr.  Davis  delivered  a  course  of  six  lectures  in  the 
old  State  Street  Market.  In  the.se  he  dwelt  upon 
the  deficient  water  supply,  which  was  wholly  from 
pumps  and  wells  sunk  but  a  few  feet  below  the  sur- 
face. There  was  at  this  time  no  underground 
sewerage.  He  pointed  out  the  dangers  attending  this 
and  suggested  substantially  the  .system  that  has 
since  been  adopted.  The  funds  raised  by  these  lec- 
tures were  used  in  furnishing  a  part  of  the  old  Lake 
House,  which  was  for  a  time  used  as  a  hospital.  In 
the  spring  of  1851  the  domestic  management  of  the 
institution  was  given  to  the  Sisters  of  Mercy,  and  it 
has  since  become,  in  its  new  location  and  buildings, 
one  of  the  most  important  hospitals  of  Chicago.  The 
Doctor  remains  the  senior  attending  physician,  and 
the  clinics  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  North 
Western  University  are  now  held  in  Mercy  Hos- 
pital, which  has  an  admirable  amphitheater,  and  is 
located  in  the  same  square  as  the  Medical  College. 


I 


220 


lilOCkAl'iilCAt.   SKETCHES. 


Dr.  D.wis  is  an  excellent  diagnostician,  systematic 
and  thorou^'h,  neglecting  no  function  of  the  body  or 
mental  peculiarity,  deeming  no  symptom  as  trivial  that 
can  possibly  have  a  bearing  upon  a  case.  Nothing 
seems  to  escape  him  in  his  descriptions  and  histories 
before  the  class.  His  power  of  endurance  is  wonder- 
ful, frequently  giving  twelve  lectures  a  week.  He  has 
through  life  been  regular  in  all  his  habits  and  strictly 
punctual  in  his  engagements  with  his  professional 
brethren  and  with  his  patients.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
he  connected  himself  with  the  Methodist  Church,  and 
has  ever  since  retained  a  consistent  membership. 

The  great  fire  of  187 1  in  a  few  hours  consumed  all 
his    property — the  savings    of  a  life-time.      A    like 
calamity  attended  nearly  a  whole  community,  many 
of  whom  were  his  patients  and  friends.     He  has  kept 
strictly  to  his  practice,  which  is  large  and  remunera- 
tive,  so   that   he   is   gradually   recovering  his  great 
losses.     He  now  confines  his  business  to  ofifice  and 
consulting  practice.     His  residence  is  at  Evanston,  a 
few  miles  out  of  the  city,  to  which  he  goes  every  even- 
ing, returning  to  his  office  early  in  the  morning.  I  have 
been  a  guest  in  his  house  ^vhen  he  lived  in  Chicago 
and  know  something  of  the  life  that  he  leads,  which 
is  far  more  laborious  than  that  of  any  physician  with 
whom  I  am  acquainted.     Daily  his  office  was  filled 
with   a   string   of  patients  from   six   o'clock   in  the 
morning  until  twelve  ;  he  then  visited  his  patients  in 
private   families,   or   repaired  to  the  hospital,   or   to 
the  College  to   lecture,  being  often  occupied    up   to 
eleven  or  twelve  at  night.     This,  with  his  duties  as 
editor  of  a  medical  journal  from  1855  until  within  the 


*'K' 


himm 


■mjuMtii"" 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAI.   ASSOCIATION.        221 


cian,  systematic 
of  the  body  or 
•m  as  trivial  that 
case.     Nothing 
IS  and  histories 
ance  is  wonder- 
,  week.     He  has 
ibits  and  strictly 
his   professional 
le  age  of  sixteen 
dist  Church,  and 
embership. 
irs  consumed  all 
:-tiine.      A    like 
immunity,  many 
Is.     He  has  kept 
i  and  remunera- 
vering  his  great 
ess  to  office  and 
is  at  Evanston,  a 
goes  every  even- 
morning.  I  have 
lived  in  Chicago 
t  he  leads,  which 
ly  physician  with 
i  office  was  filled 
c   o'clock   in  the 
:ed  his  patients  in 
e  hospital,   or   to 
occupied    up   to 
ifith  his  duties  as 
;5  until  within  the 


last  few  years,  and  his  extensive  correspondence  with 
physicians  throughout  the  United  States,  must  have 
taxed  him  to  an  extent  that  but  few  could  have  en- 
dured. 

The  Doctor  takes  but  little  recreation,  except  that 
gained  by  his  yearly  attendance  upon  the  meetings  of 
the  American  Medical  Association.  In  1 87 1  I  had 
the  pleasure  of  visiting  him  at  his  home  in  Chicago, 
and  then  traveling  in  his  company  to  California  and 
back.  After  the  meeting  in  San  Francisco  adjourned 
he  visited  some  of  the  places  of  note  near  the  Golden 
Gate,  and  stopped  for  a  day  at  Salt  Lake  City. 

Ur.  Davis  holds  membership  in  a  great  number  of 
societies,   medical   and  scientific,   among    them    the 
Chenango  County  Medical  Society,  N.  Y. ;  the  New 
York  State   Medical  Society;   the  Chicago  Medical 
Society ;  was  president  of  the  latter  several  times,  also 
its  secretary ;  the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society  ;  its 
President  in    1855  and  its  Secretary  for  twelve  years, 
holding  that  post  at  the  present  time  ;  the  American 
Medical  Association   from  its  organization ;  its  Vice- 
President   in    1854,   and   its  President  from  1864  to 
1866;  one  of  the  original  members,  and  President  of 
the  Society  of  American   Medical  Editors  in  1869; 
member  of  the  Centennial  International  Medical  Con- 
gress of  1876,  and  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents;  the 
American   Public  Health  Association.     He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences ;  the 
Illinois  State  Microscopic  Society,  and  a  life  member 
of  the  Chicago  AthenjEum ;  a  corresponding  member 
of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine  ;  an  honorary 
member  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of 


222 


llKKiKAI'IllCAL   SKETCHES. 


Philadelphia,  and  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society;  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  the  Nortli  Western 
University;  Medical  Collefje  of  Chicago,  and  an  orig- 
inal member  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  ;  President  of 
♦he  Washington  Home,  of  Chicago,  of  the  Asylum  for 
Reformed  Inebriates  since  1870,  and  of  the  Kvanston 
Philosophical  Society. 

The  Doctor  has  delivered  many  public  addresses, 
most  of  which  have  been  printed  in  one  form  or 
other.  But  the  following  are  among  his  more  im- 
portant publications : 

"  An  Anr  lysis  of  the  Discoveries  Concerning  the  Physiology  of  the 
Nervous  Sj-stcui,  from  the  pui)lications  of  Sir  Charles  Bell  to  the 
present  t'lne"  ^l840).  To  this  essay  was  a\var<le(l  the  prize  offered 
by  the  New  York  State  Medical  .Society  in  1841.  It  was  published  in 
the  Transactions  for  that  year,  and  republished  by  the  society  in 
|t||^8,  in  a  volume  cntitainiiig  the  more  important  papers  presented  to 
the  society  previous  to  1843. 

"A  text  bock  on  Agricultural  Chemistry,  for  use  in  District  and 
Public  Schools;"  for  which  a  prize  was  awarded  by  the  .State  Agri- 
cultural Society  of  New  York.  {S.  S.  &"  IV.  IVood  or*  Co.,  Nnu  York, 
184.) 

"  History  of  Medical  Education  and  Institutions  in  the  United 
States  from  the  first  settlement  of  the  country  to  1850."    12  mo.  1850. 

"  Experimental  Inquiries  and  Observations  covering  the  effects  of 
Alcoholic  Drinks  and  other  Substances  in  the  Temperature  of  the 
Human  Body  ;  and  on  the  Excretory  nature  of  the  Fibrin  of  the 
Blood ;"  read  to  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association  in 
Charleston,  S.  C,  May,  185 1,  and  published  in  the  A'orth  IVf stern 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal  for  that  year.  This  essay  is  founded 
entirely  on  original  experiments  and  analyses  of  the  author. 

"  History  of  the  American  Medical  Association  from  its  organiza- 
tion to  the  year  1855."  (8  vo.,  Lippincott,  Grambo  &•  Co.,  Philadel- 
phia, 1833) 

"Clinical  Lectures  on  various  Important  Diseases."  Edited  by 
F.  H.  Davis,  M.  D.,  i2mo.  Philadelphia,  1875.  This  work  has 
already  passed  through  a  second  edition. 


State  Medical 
Nortli  Western 
o,  and  an  orig- 
i ;  President  of 
the  Asylum  for 
f  the  Iwanston 

ablic  addresses, 
n  one  form  or 
;  his  more  im- 

e  Physiolojjy  of  the 
harles  Bell  to  the 
(l  the  prize  offered 
It  was  pulilished  in 
by  the  society  in 
papers  presented  to 

use  in  District  and 
by  the  State  Agri- 
i  &"  Co.,  Nnu  York, 

ions  in  the  United 
850."  12  mo.  1850. 
'vering  the  effects  of 
Temperature  of  the 
r  the  Fibrin  of  the 
dical  Association  in 
the  North  Watern 
his  essay  is  founded 
he  author, 
n  from  its  organlza- 
bo  &•  Co.,  Philadtl- 

leases."  Edited  by 
}%,    This  work  has 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MKDICAL   ASSOCIAlHll!«,        a»| 

"  Address  on  the  I'rogress  of  Medical  Kducation  in  the  United 
State*  of  America  during  the  fenlury  ending  in  1876,"  delivered 
before  the  InternalioniU  Medical  Congrcus  at  Philadelphia,  September 

9.  '876.  .  ..    ,.     I 

..  Contributions  to  the  IIi»tory  of  Medical  Education  and  Medical 
Institutions  in  the  United  States  of  America,  1776  1876."  This  was 
a  special  report  prepared  for  the  United  Stales  Hureau  of  Education. 
Washington,  Government  Printing  <  )fficc,  1877. 

DAWSON,  HKNJAMIN  V.,  M.  D.,  of  New  York, 
N.  Y.,  was  born  June   2Hth,  1845.     His  mother  was 
an  Osborn,  whose  ancestors  were  physicians  of  note  in 
New  York  and  Connecticut  for  the  past  century.     He 
received  an  academic  education  at  Columbia  College 
New  York,  and  then  studied  medicine  and  graduated 
at  the   College   of    Physicians   and   Surgeons,   New 
York  City,  in  1865.     The  Doctor  served  for  a  time  as 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  United  States  Army,  to- 
ward the  close  of  the  war  of  the   rebellion.     After 
leaving  the  army  he  opened  an  office  at  No.  8  East 
Fifteenth  street.  New  York   city.     From  the  outset 
he  devoted  himself  chiefly  to  the  study  of  obstetrics 
and  the  diseases  of  women  and  children,  and  shortly 
after  settling  to  practice  was  appointed  assistant  to  the 
Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and 
Children,  and  to  the  Clinical  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
Children  in  New  York.     To  him  the  profession  is  in- 
indebted    for   originating,  in    1867,  and  editing   The 
American  Journal  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children,  which  he  conducted  with  much  ability 
for  seven  years,  retiring  from  the  arduous  duties  of 
editor  after  having  made  the  journal  one  of  the  most 
widely  circulated  and  most  able  published  on  this  spe- 
cialty in  the  world.     Dr.  Dawson,  in  1868.  in  conjunc- 


334 


IllOCiKAIMIICAI.   SKKTCIir.S. 


tion  with  the  late  Piof.  Joseph  KamnK-rcr,  of  New  York, 
gave  their  profession  a  translation  of  "  Klob's  Patho- 
lojjical  Anatomy  of  tlic  I'cmale  Sexual  Or^jans."  In 
1K70  he  edited,  with  additions,  the  American  edition 
of"liarnes'  Oljstetric  ( )iK.'rations ;"  since  then  he  has 
been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  medical  journals, 
and  has  published  monofjraphs  on  various  subjects,  as 
"  The  treatment  of  VVhoopin^,'  Cou^'h  with  Quinine," 
"The  Use  and  Comparative  Merits  of  the  Hi-chloride 
of  Methylene  as  an  An.esthetic,"  "Special  Points  in 
Ovariotomy  Operations,"  "The  Relation  between 
Alimentation  and  the  Gastro-intestinal  Disorders  of 
Infants  and  Children."  As  an  inventor  he  is  well- 
known  by  his  Ovariotomy-Clamp,  his  Modifications 
of  Sim's  Speculum,  his  V^accinator,  and  the  Galvanic- 
Cautery  Battery,  anil  other  Instruments  bearinj;  his 
name.  In  1M75  Dr.  Dawson  was  appointed  in  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  New  York 
to  deliver  clinical  lectures  on  tlic  diseases  of  chiUlren. 
He  has  also  held  the  position  of  Physician  for  Dis- 
eases of  Children  to  the  New  York  Dispensary,  to  the 
Demi  It  Dispensary,  and  the  Free  Dispensary  for  Sick 
Children  ;  and  at  present  is  District  Physician  to  the 
New  York  Lying-in  Asylum,  and  Physician  to  the  Out- 
door Department  of  the  New  York  State  Woman's 
Hospital.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  State 
Medical  Society,  of  the  New  York  Obstetrical  Society, 
of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  and  also 
of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences,  the  New 
York  Geographical  Society,  the  American  Medical 
Association,  the  GynjEcological  Society  of  Boston, 
and  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 


M.|.„U>U.J,. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MKOICAI.   ASSOCIATION,        325 


,  of  Now  Vurk, 

Klob's  I'iitho- 
Or^jaiis."  In 
uricaii  edition 
;  tlaii  lie  has 
lical  journals, 
us  subjects,  as 
vitli  Quinine," 
lie  Hi-cliloricle 
:ial  Points  in 
ition  between 
Disorders  of 
r  he  is  well- 
Modifications 
the  Galvanic- 
;s  bearing  his 
lointed  in  the 
of  New  York 
L's  of  children, 
ician  for  Dis- 
)ensary,  to  the 
isary  for  Sick 
^sician  to  the 
an  to  the  Out- 
tate  Woman's 
w  York  State 
trical  Society, 
ine,  and  also 
ces,  the  New 
lean  Medical 
y  of  Boston, 
State  Medical 


Society.  The  Doctor  has  traveled  extensively  in  this 
country,  luirope,  and  South  America,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent ent;at,'ed  in  writin;^  an  account  of  his  journey 
across  the  equatorial  re^^ions  of  the  latter  country. 

DK  HRULKR.  JAMICS  I'..  M.  D.,  of  Kvansvillo, 
Ind.,  was  born  in  Oraii^jc  Co.,  N.  C,  September  Jl, 
1817  ;  died  at  Iwansville,  Ind.,  Au^just  12,  1S74.  His 
parents  removeil  to  Indiana  wlicn  he  was  an  infant  and 
settled  on  White  Run.  in  Pike  County.  His  educa- 
tion was  received  at  the  district  .schools  and  at  the 
academy.  He  be^;an  the  stuily  of  mcvlicine  at  the 
early  a<^c  of  eij^htcen,  and  attendetl  lectures  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  where  he  Kiaduated.  In  lS3«  he  bej^an  to 
practice  at  Rockport,  where  he  resided  for  twenty 
years,  assiduously  enj;ajjed  in  iIk:  iluties  of  his  profes- 
sion, which  often  called  him  many  miles  into  the 
country.  This  labor  began  to  tell  .seriously  upon 
his  health,  and  in  1858  he  resolved  to  remov.  to 
Evansville,  where  he  should  have  fewer  f.iU-uing 
rides  in  the  country. 

Here  he  soon  acquired  a  good  business,  and  be- 
came associated  with  the  Kvansville  Medical  College, 
and  one  of  the  controlling  spirits  in  the  faculty.  Dr. 
De  Bruler  held  to  the  time  of  his  death  the  chair 
of  Theory  and  Practice  in  this  institution.  lie  was 
enterprising  and  public-spirited;  and  not  only  as  a 
phy^i  Ian  but  as  a  citizen  enjoyed  the  confidence  and 
respect  of  the  whole  county.  During  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Lincoln  he  was  appointed  Surgeon 
to  the  Marine  Hospital,  which  position  he  filled  with 
ability  and  to  the   entire  satisfaction  of  the  depart- 


226 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


ment.  President  Johnson  appointed  him  Postmaster 
of  Evansville,  but  on  account  of  his  health  he  de- 
clined the  position  without  takin.::  charge  of  the 
office.  He  was  a  member  of  the  County  and  State 
Medical  Societies,  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, and  attended  the  meeting  of  the  latter  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  in  1871.  He  was  also  an  honorary 
member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society. 
The  Doctor  was  united  in  marriage,  September  2, 
1847,  to  Sallie  E.  Graham,  of  Rockport,  who  with 
one  son,  Claude,  survive  him. 

DENIG,  ROBERT  McCLINTOCK.  M.  D.,  of 
Columbus,  Ohio,  was  born  at  McConnellsburgh,  Bed- 
ford Co.,  Pa.,  November  25,  1813.  He  is  the  son  of 
Dr.  Denig,  a  physician  of  large  practice,  and  who  was 
a  staunch  believer  and  a  consistent  follower  of  the 
principle  taught  by  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  educated  at  the  common  schools 
and  at  the  academy  taught  by  Thomas  J.  Harris,  of 
Chambersburg,  Pa.  He  concluded  his  academical 
course  at  Kenyon,  Ohio,  in  1835,  and  then  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  with  his  father.  The  same  year, 
he  attended  lectures  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
where  he  graduated  M.  D.  in  1838.  He  opened  an 
office  in  his  native  place,  where  he  continued  to  prac- 
tice with  success  till  1849,  when  he  removed  to  Co- 
lumbus, Ohio.  In  his  new  field  of  labor  he  has  been 
fully  employed,  and  enjoys  the  confidence  of  the  whole 
community.  In  1864  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Medical  Jurisprudence  in  the  Starling  Medical  Col- 
lege, which  he  held  for  four  years.     In   1875  he  was 


{         * 


lit 


m  Postmaster 
icalth  he  de- 
harge  of  the 
ity  and  State 
dical  Associa- 
lattcr  at  San 
an  honorary 
ileal  Society. 
September  2, 
)rt,  who  with 


C.  M.  D.,  of 
Isburgh,  Bed- 
is  the  son  of 

and  who  was 
llower  of  the 

The  subject 
nmon  schools 
s  J.  Harris,  of 
is  academical 
n  commenced 
'he  same  year, 
dical  College, 
[e  opened  an 
inued  to  prac- 
moved  to  Co- 
r  he  has  been 
e  of  the  whole 
)  the  chair  of 
Medical  Col- 

1875  he  was 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.        22/ 

appointed  to  the  chair  of  Diseases  of  Children  in  the 
Columbus  Medical  College,  a  position  which  he  still 
holds.     In  1838  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Jane  R. 
Harry,  of  Chambersburg,  Pa.     They  had  eight  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  are  living— Edward  C,  Frank  H., 
George  A.,  Annette  J.,  Howard  E.,  Rush  S.,  Robert  G. 
and  Katie  R.    Dr.  Denig's  wife  died  in  1861.     He  was 
married  to  his  second  wife,  Lauretta   B.  Broderick, 
April  20,  1 87 1,  who  accompanied  him  on  his  trip  to 
California  to  attend   the  meeting   of  the   American 
Medical  Association.     The   Doctor's  mind  was  in  a 
favorable  condition  for  enjoying  the  grand  and  won- 
derful scenery  everywhere  presenting  along  the  route 
to  the  Pacific;  his  memory  doubtless  clings  to  the 
many  very  agreeable  incidents  of  the  trip,  as  well  as 
to  the  hospitality  of  the  profession  of  San  Francisco, 
and  the  warm  friendships  formed  during  the  sojourn 
and  in  transitu,  is  among  the  most   pleasing  remi- 
niscences of  his  life.     Dr.  Denig  has  contributed  many 
articles  of  value  to  the  medical  journals,  as  well  as 
translated   extensively   from  the    French.     He   is   a 
member   of  the  Columbus  City  Medical  Society,  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association,  honorary  member  of  the 
California   State  Medical  Society,  and  has  been  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  city  Board  of  Education. 

DONAHOE.  HENRY  JAMES,  M.  D.,  of  San- 
dusky, Ohio,  was  born  in  Washington,  Washington 
Co.,  Pa.,  May  25th,  1828.  His  early  education  was  re- 
ceived at  the  public  schools  of  Rehoboth,  Ohio,  at  St. 
Joseph's  College,  and  the  University  at  Athens,  Ohio. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES, 

He  began  his  medical  studies  under  the  direction 
of  Dr.  George  H.  Carpenter,  of  the  last-named  place. 
After  attending  lectures  for  two  years  he  obtained  his 
degree  at  the  Cleveland  Medical  College  in  1853.  In 
May  of  this  year  he  opened  an  office  in  Sandusky, 
Ohio,  where  he  has  enjoyed  a  large  and  responsible 
general  practice,  and  a  full  share  of  surgery.  He  is 
a  member  of  various  medical  associations,  and  has 
held  important  offices  in  a  number  of  them,  having 
been  elected  successively  Secretary,  Vice-President, 
and  President  of  the  Erie  County  Medical  Society, 
and  in  1857  Secretary  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  So- 
ciety. In  1856  he  became  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association.  He  was  one  of  the  physi- 
cians who  crossed  the  continent  to  attend  the  Conven- 
tion of  the  American  Medical  Association,  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  in  1871.  While  there  he  was  elected 
an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society.  During  the  late  war  Dr.  Donahoe  was  ap- 
pointed surgeon  of  the  loist  Regiment  of  Ohio  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  but  owing  to  dissatisfaction  with  some 
changes  in  the  commanding  officers  of  the  Regiment 
he  declined  being  mustered  into  the  service.  He  did 
not,  however,  refuse  his  services  in  the  hour  of  need. 
When  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Shiloh  reached  San- 
dusky, the  citizens  in  mass  meeting  made  a  unanimous 
request  that  Dr.  Donahoe  should  go  to  the  scene  of 
carnage,  and  give  surgical  and  medical  aid  to  the 
sufferers.  He  promptly  responded  to  the  call  and 
spent  several  months  in  this  work.  When  Johnson's 
Island  was  selected  as  a  prison  for  Confederate  officers, 
he  was  chosen  to  organize  the  medical  department  of 


the  direction 
-named  place. 
s  obtained  his 
J  in  1853.     In 

in  Sandusky, 
id  responsible 
rgery.  He  is 
ions,  and   has 

them,  having 
''ice-President, 
dical  Society, 
e  Medical  So- 
of  the  Anieri- 

of  the  physi- 
d  the  Conven- 
iation,  at  San 
le  was  elected 
State  Medical 
nahoe  was  ap- 

of  Ohio  Vol- 
:ion  with  some 

the  Regiment 
rvice.     He  did 

hour  of  need. 
I  reached  San- 
e  a  unanimous 
to  the  scene  of 
:al  aid  to  the 

the  call  and 
^hen  Johnson's 
derate  officers, 

department  of 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        229 

the  post,  and  was  urged  by  the  commanding  officer  to 
accept  th^  appointment  of  Surgeon,  but  his  time  was  so 
fully  occupied  with  professional  cases  that  he  declmed 
to   accept  the  offer.     While  the   Doctor   has   many 
professional  cares  from  his  constantly  increasmg  bus.- 
ness    he  has  found  time  to  serve  his  fellow-c.t.zens 
in  some  of  the  more  important  offices  in  their  gift. 
He  was  President  of  the  City  Council  for  two  years, 
and  is  now  one  of  the  most  active  and  efficient  niem- 
bers  of  the  Board  of  Education,  to  which  he  has  been 
twice  elected  without  opposition.     He  has  also  served 
as  Treasurer  of  the  Sandusky  Building  and  Loan  As- 
sociation for  the  past  eight  years      Dr.  Do-hoe  .s 
united  in  marriage  to  Emily  A.  M.ller.  of  Sandusky, 
Ohio,  they  have  four  children-Henry  Joseph,  Lucy, 
James  Francis,  and  Charles  Faber. 

DOUGLAS,  GEORGE.  M.  D.,  of  Brooklyn.  N. 
Y    was  born  at  Franklin,  Delaware  Co..  N.  Y.,  May 
7th   1823      His  fath.^r  was  a  lawyer  and  graduated  at 
Williams  College,  Massachusetts.     His  ancestors,  on 
his  father's  side,  are  direct  descendants  of  the  cele- 
brated  William  Douglas,  of  Scotland.     H.s  academ- 
ical education  was  acquired  at  the  Delaware  L.  erary 
Institute.     His  medical  studies  were  begun  with  Dr 
Daniel  Clark,  of  Philadelphia.     Attended  a  course  of 
medical   lectures   each  at   Philadelphia,   and   at  the 
Geneva  Medical   College,  and  at  the   University  of 
New  York,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.,  in  1845-     Im- 
mediately after  this  he  opened   an  office  at  Oxford, 
Chenango  Co..  N.  Y.,  where  he  entered  at  once  upon  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice.     Within  the  last  year  he 


230 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCrES. 


removed  to  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  During  the 
war  he  was  one  of  the  surgeons  to  the  examining 
board  for  recruiting  volunteers  in  the  nineteenth  dis- 
trict of  New  York.  In  1858,  the  Doctor  was  united 
in  marriage  10  Ada  Ellen  Funk.  After  her  death  he 
narried,  in  1866,  Jane  M.  Migatt.  He  has  one  child 
living,  Ada  Ellen.  Having  acquired  a  competence, 
Dr.  Douglas  has  retired  from  the  labors  and  respon- 
sibilities of  the  profession,  and  is  now  living  quietly  in 
the  enjoyment  of  domestic  happiness,  though  he  still 
ioves  his  profession  and  is  an  encourager  of  medical 
organization.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  State 
Medical  Society,  the  American  Medical  Association, 
and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society.  During  his  trip  to  the  Pacific  Coast 
he  visited  the  chief  places  of  interest  in  California, 
among  which  were  the  Yosemite  Valley,  Calestoga 
Spa,  and  Calaveras  grove  of  giant  trees,  and  was  grat- 
ified and  well  rewarded  for  the  time  bestowed  in  the 
journey. 

DOUGLAS,  SILAS  HAMILTON,  M.  D.,  of 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  was  born  at  Fredonia,  Chautauqua 
Co.,  N,  Y.,  October  27th,  18 16.  Having  received  a 
good  education  at  the  Academy  in  his  native  town, 
and  at  the  University  of  Vermont,  he  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Zina  Pitcher,  of  Detroit, 
Mich.  After  reading  a  sufificient  time,  he  attended  lec- 
tures at  the  University  of  Maryland.  In  1842  he  com- 
menced practice  at  Ann  Arbor,  and  in  1844  was 
elected  to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of 
Michigan,  which   position   he  has  filled  with  much 


'.  During  the 
the  examining 
nineteenth  clis- 
tor  was  united 
r  her  death  he 

has  one  child 
a  competence, 
rs  and  respon- 
ving  quietly  in 
hough  he  still 
ger  of  medical 
ew  York  State 
al  Association, 
ilifornia  State 
e  Pacific  Coast 

in  California, 
ley,  Calestoga 

and  was  grat- 
stowed  in  the 


I,  M.  D,  of 
a,  Chautauqua 
ng  received  a 
is  native  town, 
smmenced  the 
er,  of  Detroit, 
s  attended  lec- 
1 1842  he  corn- 
in  1844  was 
:  University  of 
d  with  much 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        23 1 

ability.     Since  he  has  held  this  position,  he  has  not 
engaged  in   general  practice.     A  few  years  since  he 
published  a  work  on  Analytical  Chemistry,  which  has 
been  well  received  and  gone  through  several  editions. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Michigan  State  Medical  Soci- 
ety, of  the  American  Medical   Association,  and   an 
honorary   member   of  the   California   State  Medical 
Society  ;  a  member  and  former  Vice-President  of  the 
American  Chemical  Society,  and  corresponding  mem- 
ber of  the  Academies  of  Sciences  of  New  York  and 
Chicago.     The  Doctor  is  united  in  marriage  to  Helen 
W.  Welles.     They  have  seven  children,  four  daughters 
and  three  sons.     The  life-work  of  the  Doctor  has  been 
devoted  to  building  up  the  laboratory  for  instruction 
and  research  in  the  University  of  Michigan. 

DUNCAN,   WILLIAM    STEVENS,   M.    D.,  of 
Brownsville,  Pa.,  was  born  in  Brownsville,  Fayette  Co., 
Pa.,  May  24th,  1834.     He  is  the  son  of  the  honorable 
Thomas  Duncan,  who  is  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.     His 
mother  is  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Stevens,  of 
Fayette  County,  who  died  in   1813.     The  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  educated  at  Mt.  Union  College,  Stark 
Co.,  Ohio.     His  medical  studies  were  commenced  in 
1 855,  with  Dr.  M.  O.  Jones, then  of  Brownsville,  but 
now  of  Chicago.  111.     Matriculating  in  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  attending  two   full   courses  of 
lectures,  he  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in  th*^  spring 
of  1858.     During  the  last  year  he  was  an     iber  of 
the  private  class  of  Dr.  J.  J.  Woodward  in  the  special 
study  of  Pathology,  Anatomy  and  Microscopy.     In 
June,  1858,  he  formed  a  co-partnership  with  his  pre- 


232  niOGRAI'UlCAL   SKETCHES. 

ceptor  in  Brownsville,  and  commenced  practice ;  this 
arrangement  was  terminated  in  about  two  years  and  a 
half  by  the  removal  of  Dr.  Jones  to  the  city  of  Pitts- 
burgh. The  Doctor  still  occupies  the  sam^-  office  ir 
which  he  wrote  hi«  first  prescription,  and  enjoys 
good  general  practice.  Litterly  his  labors  have  been 
occasionally  interrupted  by  excursions,  the  winter 
months  being  spent  -n  Florida  or  the  south,  and 
part  of  the  summer  in  New  England  and  Canada. 
Like  most  rural  practitioner^,  he  engages  in  general 
practice,  including  surgery,  and  has  performed  a 
number  of  important  operations :  for  hernia,  nine 
times,  and  tracheotomy  for  the  removal  of  foreign 
bodies,  four  times— all  successful ;  three  times  oper- 
ated for  membranous  formations   in  the  trachea all 

fatal — and  excision  of  head  of  humerus  and  of  lower 
half  of  radius.  Dr.  Duncan  is  a  member  of  the 
Fayette  County  Medical  Society,  and  has  held  in 
turn  all  its  offices;  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical 
Society,  and  at  present  one  of  the  censors;  the 
American  Medical  Association,  and  honorary  mem- 
ber of  the  California  State  Medical  Society.  He 
is  a  director  in  the  Brownsville  Dollar  Savings 
Bank,  and  also  a  director  in  the  Brownsville  Railroad 
Company.  Dr.  Duncan  was  married,  March  21st, 
1 86 1,  to  Amanda  Leonard,  of  Brownsville.  They  have 
one  child,  a  daughter.  The  Doctor  is  an  active  sup- 
porter of  medical  organizations,  and  has  contributed 
a  number  of  thoughtful  and  able  papers.  I  will  refer 
to  a  few  by  title : 

"  Malformations  of  the  Genitcurinary  organs."      American  Jour- 
nal  of  Medical  Science,  1859. 
"  Belladonna  as  an  antidote  for  opium-poisoning."   Ibid.,  1862. 


IILi.llWlii  lllll.L.II.  J. 


.4     I 


KOCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         233 


I  practice;  this 
wo  years  and  a 
le  city  of  Pitts- 
same  office  ir 
,  and  enjoys 
bors  have  been 
ns,  the   winter 
:he  south,  and 
I   and   Canada, 
ges  in  general 
!   performed    a 
r   liernia,  nine 
val  of  foreign 
i*e  times  oper- 
lie  trachea — all 
s  and  of  lower 
ember  of   the 
1   has  held  in 
State  Medical 
censors ;    the 
onorary  mem- 
Society.     He 
•ollar    Savings 
sville  Railroad 
,    March  21st, 
e.    They  have 
an  active  sup- 
is  contributed 
.     I  will  refer 

American  Jour- 
'   Ibid.,  1862. 


"Medical  (lelusions."     A  pamphlet  published  at  Pittsburgh,  1869. 
"  Reports  of  ca^es  to    I'eiinsylvanii   State    Medical   Society,  1870- 

•72." 

"  Iliac  aneiiri.-m  cured  by   Klecirolysis,"      Transactions    of    the 

same  Society    1875. 

And  a  paper  on  the  "  Phy^iiology  of  Death."     1876. 

Dr.  Duncan  enjoyed  his  trip  to  the  Pacific,  visiting 
every  place  of  note  in  California  and  cii  route,  includ- 
ing a  short  sojourn  at  Salt  I.akc  City. 

ELMER,  WILLIAM,  M.  D.,  of  Bridgeton,  N.  J., 
was  born  at  Bridgeton.  October  5,  18 14.     He  is  the 
grandson   of    Dr.    Jonathan    Elmer,  who  graduated 
Bachelor  of  Medicine  in  the  first  class  that  left  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1768,  and  received  the 
M.  D.  degree  from  the  same  institution  in  1771.     He 
was  an  accomplished  physician,  and  a  man  of  letters, 
and  was  President  of  the  New  Jersey  Medical  Society 
in  1788;  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  1776;  of 
the  general  Congress  in  1788 ;  for  many  years  presiding. 
Judge  in  the  County  Court,  and  then  United  States 
Senator;  died  in   1817.     His  father.  Dr.  William  El- 
mer, also  graduated  from  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  181 1,  and  was  for  some  years  extensively 
engaged  in  practice  in  his  native  place,  but  retired  from 
it,  and  became    immersed    in   other   pursuits.      The 
subject  of  this  sketch  attended  the  common  schools, 
and  then  was  sent,  in  1825,10  the  Lawrenceville  High 
School,  where  he  prepared  for  his  collegiate  course. 
In  1830  he  entered  Princeton  College,  and  graduated 
in  1832.     He  was  selected  to  deliver  on  that  occasion 
the  Engli-sh  salutatory  oration  to  the  class.     In  Sep- 
tember, 1833,  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  the 


234 


HIOORAI'HICAL  SKETCHES. 


office  of  Dr.  Joseph  Parrish,  of  Philadelphia,  and  at- 
tended lectures  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and 
graduated  M.  D.  1836.  Inniiediately  after  this  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  Resident  Physicians  to  Hlockley 
Hospital,  serving  the  usual  term  of  one  year,  and  for 
a  few  months  served  as  Resident  Physician  in  the 
Children's  Asylum  connected  with  the  hospital.  In 
July,  1837,  he  settled  at  Bridgeton,  where  he  ac- 
quired a  large  and  responsible  practice  extending 
throughout  the  county  of  Cumberland,  which  he  en- 
joyed until  in  1 850,  when  he  restricted  his  labors  to 
the  city  of  Bridgcton,  except  in  consultations  and 
special  cases.  Dr.  Elmer  has  long  been  one  of  the 
Board  of  Managers  of  the  State  Lunatic  Asylum  at 
Trenton,  and  for  many  years  has  been  a  leading  ad- 
vocate in  the  cause  of  public  education,  and  assisted 
largely  in  the  establishment  of  the  public  school  sys- 
tem adopted  by  the  State,  while  he  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Board  of  Trustees.  lie  was  one  of  the  originators 
of  the  West  Jersey  Academy,  a  classical  s'bhool  for 
the  advancement  of  the  cause  of  Christian  educa- 
tion in  that  section  of  the  State,  and  is  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  that  institution.  He  holds 
the  religious  views  of  his  ancestors,  who  present  a 
long  line  of  distinguished  divines  extending  back  to 
the  Rev.  Daniel  Elmer,  who  came  from  Connecticut, 
and  settled  in  Cumberland  county  in  1727,  and  was 
descended  from  Edward  Elmer,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land to  America  in  1632,  with  a  company  of  forty- 
seven  persons,  comprising  the  church  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Hooker.  The  Doctor  himself  has  been  for 
years  a  Ruling  Elder  in  the  West  Jersey  Presbyterian 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MKDICAI.   ASSOCIATION.        235 


klphia,  and  at- 
nnsylvania  and 
ter  this  he  was 
IS  to  Hlockley 
ic  year,  and  for 
lysician  in  the 
i  hospital.     In 

where  he  ac- 
:ticc  extending 
1,  which  he  en- 
;cl  his  labors  to 
isultations  and 
:cn  one  of  the 
latic  Asylum  at 
i  a  leading  ad- 
5n,  and  assisted 
)lic  school  sys- 
i  member  of  the 
'  the  originators 
iical  s'fchool  for 
hristian  educa- 
is  President  of 
ion.  He  holds 
who  present  a 
ending  back  to 
m  Connecticut, 

1727,  and  was 
ame  from  Eng- 
npany  of  forty- 
;h  of  the  Rev. 
ilf  has  been  for 
ey  Presbyterian 


church  at  Hridgcton,  and  was  elected  in  April,  1877, 
the  moderator  of  the  West  Jersey  Presbytery.  His 
trip  to  California  and  the  Pacific  opened  up  a  broad 
field  of  observation  and  enjoyment,  which  was  on  his 
return  made  the  subject  of  a  lecture  before  the  Cum- 
berland County  Medical  Association,  and  afterwards, 
by  special  request,  delivered  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  The  Doctor  is 
a  member  of  the  Cumberland  County  Medical  So- 
ciety, and  for  years  has  been  its  Secretary,  and  served 
several  terms  as  its  President ;  also  a  member  of  the 
New  Jersey  State  Medical  Society,  and  its  President 
in  i860,  when  he  delivered  an  able  address  on  the 
Progress  of  Medical  Science.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  American  Medical  Association  since  1850;  is  an 
honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical  So- 
ciety. In  December,  1839,  he  married  Eliza  Robeson 
Whiteley.  They  have  four  children,  William,  Mar- 
garet Kean,  Macomb  Kean,  and  Henry  Whiteley. 
While  on  the  Pacific  coast,  he  visited  the  Yosemite 
Valley,  Big  Trees,  and  other  places  of  interest,  includ- 
ing Salt  Lake  City. 

ELSNER,  JOHN,  M.  D.,  of  Denver,  Col.,  was  born 
at  Leopold  Stadt,  Vienna,  Austria,  May  8,  1844.  His 
father  was  a  physician  and,  having  participated  in  the 
Hungarian  war  of  1848,  it  was  thought  prudent  for  him 
to  emigrate  with  his  family  to  America.  He  spent  one 
year  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  then  removed  to  Syr- 
acuse, N.  Y.  Here  the  subject  of  this  sketch  grew  up 
and  received  his  academic  and  classical  education.  His 
medical  studies  were  begun  in  i86i,  under  his  father, 
and  continued  under  Drs.  Hoyt  and  Cook.     In   1863 


236 


niOC.KAPIIICAL   SKETCHES. 


he  attended  lectures  at  the  Hcllevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  and  graduated.  M.  1).,  1 866.     Ho  attended 
clinics  and  made  a  very  careful  and  thorough  study 
of  Ophthalmology,  at  the  Ophthalmic  Hos|)ital,  New 
York;  learned  auscultation  and  percussion  from  Prof. 
Austin  Flint,  sr.,  and  microscopy  from  y\ustin   Flint, 
jr.     He  rendered  valuable  services  in  the  Statistical 
Department  of  the  Sanitary  Commission,  examining 
many  soldiers,  sailors  and    marines    of  different  na- 
tionalities.    In  April,  1866,  he  went  to  Pike's   Peak. 
At  Waterloo,  Iowa,  at  route,  he  fell  in  with  twenty 
families,  having  the  jame  destination.     He  bought  a 
horse  and  joined  the  company.     He  was  elected  cap- 
tain of  the  train.     They  arrived  at  Denver,  June  15, 
1866,  after  a  severe  march  of  forty  days,  and  much 
skirmishing  with   the  Indians.     Although  he  found 
eighteen    or  twenty    physicians    already   located    in 
Denver,  he  opened  an  office,  and  in  due  t  ne  was  re- 
warded with  a  remunerative  practice,  which  has  grown 
to  be  responsible  and  profitable.     His  long  hospital 
experience  and  studies  in  New  York  peculiarly  quali- 
fied him  for  surgical  practice,  and  in  it  he  has  been 
quite  successful,  having  operated  a  number  of  times  for 
lithotomy,  lithotrity,  exsection  and  resection,  amputa- 
tions, hernia,  etc.     On  September  28,  1867,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Lena  Zalenger.     They  have  one 
child,  a  daughter,  seven  years  old.     In  1870,  he  was 
appointed  the  Physician  for  Arapahoe  County,  and  or- 
ganized the  hospital,  which  he  attended  for  four  years, 
and  treated  in  it  over  three  thousand  indigent  patients 
Through  his  influence,  in   1871,  the  organization  of 
the  Denver  Medical  Society  was  finally  effected,  after 


wws 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MKOICAt.   ASSOCIATION.        2.37 


)S|)itaI  Medical 
lie  attended 
lorough  study 
HoH|)itaI,  New 
ion  from  Prof. 
Austin  Flint, 
the  Statistical 
ion,  examining 
if  different  na- 
0  Pike's  Peak, 
n  with  twenty 
He  boui^ht  a 
as  elected  cap- 
:nver,  June  15, 
ays,  and  much 
ugh  he  found 
dy  located  in 
le  t  ne  was  re- 
lich  has  grown 
>  long  hospital 
eculiarly  quali- 
it  he  has  been 
bcr  of  times  for 
ection,  amputa- 
1867,  he  was 
They  have  one 
n  1870,  he  was 
Zounty,  and  or- 
i  for  four  years, 
idigent  patients 
organization  of 
y  effected,  after 


many  unsuccessful  attempts   had  been  made.      This 
association  and  that  of  the  county  sent  him  as  Dele- 
gate to  the  American  Medical  Association,  which  met 
in  San  ]•  lancisco  that  year.     I  Ic  enjoyctl  the  trip,  and 
was  highly  delighted   with    the    friendships    formed 
among  the  members  of  our  profession  and  with  the 
citizens  of  California  that  he  met.     The  subject  of  the 
Materia  Medica  of  Colorado  has  engaged  his  attention, 
antl  his  studies  have  been  presented  in  a  report  to  be 
found  i».  the  Transactions  of  the   Medical  Society  of 
Colorado  for   1872.     He  has  now  in  preparation   a 
work  on  the  Influence  of  the  Climate  of  Colorado  on 
the  Lungs,  with  cases  and  their  results,  from  an  ex- 
perience of  ten  years'  practice  in  the  state.     He  is  a 
member  of  the  Denver  Medical  Society,  the  Colorado 
.State  Medical  Society,  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society. 

FINDLEY,  WHXIAM  MARTIN,  M.  D.,  of  Al- 
toona.  Pa.,  was  born  at  Manor  Hill.  Huntingdon 
County,  July  6,  1842.  He  is  the  son  of  Dr.  VV.  R. 
Findley  and  Elizabeth  F.,  his  wife,  of  Altoona,  who 
have  also  another  son,  a  physician.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  received  his  education  at  the  common 
schools  and  at  the  Hollidaysburgh  High  School. 
His  preparatory  medical  studies  were  pursued 
chiefly  under  the  direction  of  his  father,  and  after 
attending  two  full  courses  of  lectures  in  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Phil- 
adelphia, he  graduated  M.  D.,  March  14,  1867.  Im- 
mediately after  taking  his  degree,  he  practiced  a  year 


Hi 


,:v* 


238 


DIO(iKAI*IIICAt.   SKF.TCIIES. 


with  his  father,  aftor  which  he  opened  an  office  of  his 
own  in  the  same  place,  where  he  still  resides,  and 
enjoys  a  ^jood  -{eiui.il  practice.  Althoiif,'h  but  a  few 
years  in  the  profession,  he  has  published  in  the  Aimr- 
ican  Journal  of  Mi'dical  Scumcs  for  1X74  a  record  of 
three  hundred  cases  of  obstetrics  occurring;  in  his  own 
practice,  and  also  a  number  of  cases  of  "mt.-mbranous 
enteritis,"  antl  otluir  papers  of  interest.  I  Ic  was  in  the 
army  in  1861  and  i86i,  and  while  in  South  Carolina  suf- 
fered from  an  attack  of  yellow  fever.  The  Doctor  is  a 
member  of  the  Blair  County  Medical  Society  ;  of  the 
Pcnn.sylvania  State  Medical  Society  since  1869;  the 
Juniata  Valley  l)i.strict  Medical  Society;  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society,  lie  represented 
the  HIair  County  Medical  Society  at  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  in  California  in  1 871. 
This  visit  to  the  Pacific  coast  was  also  embraced  as 
an  occasion  to  visit  the  many  places  of  interest  and 
to  extend  his  acquaintance  among  the  medical  men 
of  California,  for  whose  professional  ability  and  hos- 
pitality he  entertains  a  high  regard.  The  Doctor  is 
married,  and  has  three  children  ;  two  daughters,  Anna 
and  Bessie,  and  one  son. 

FISHER,  ALKXANDKR,  M.  D.,  of  Chicago,  111., 
was  born  in  Lancaster,  Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  August 
12,  1804.  He  is  the  son  of  Jacob  Fisher,  who  was  a 
farmer,  well  educated  and  influential  in  his  neighbor- 
hood, and  served  in  the  Legislature  and  Constitutional 
Convention  of  Massachusetts.  Alexander  received  a 
good  English  education  at  the  public  schools  and  at 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


239 


11  offiCL"  of  his 
resides,  and 
iik'l"  l)ut  a  few 
in  the  Ainer- 
4  a  record  of 
11^;  in  his  own 
"nji.inbranons 
1  le  was  in  the 
h  Carohnasuf- 
he  Doctor  is  a 
[jciety ;  of  the 
iKc  1869;   the 
the  Ainer- 
ary  member  of 
Ic  represented 
meeting  of  the 
jrnia  in  1871. 
3  embraced  as 
»f  interest  and 
:  medical  men 
iiility  and  hos- 
fhe  Doctor  is 
ughters,  Anna 

r  Chicago,  111., 
Mass.,  August 
cr,  who  was  a 
his  neighbor- 
Constitutional 
der  received  a 
chools  and  at 


the  academy  in  his  native  place.  In  youth  he  en- 
gageil  in  mercantile  pursuits,  but  his  fondness  for 
study  grew  upon  him  so  th.it  after  some  reverses  he 
gradually  came  to  consider  seriously  the  (piestion  of 
prep.iring  for  the  study  of  medicine,  which  he  system- 
atically began  in  I  S3 1,  under  the  direction  of  (leorge 
W.  Richard.  M.  D.,  of  Camillus,  N.  Y.  He  attended 
lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  anil  Surgeons  at 
Kairfield,  N.  Y.,  and  graduated  in  1SJ4.  Immediately 
after  obtaining  his  diploma,  he  became  a  partner  of 
his  preceptor  for  one  year,  after  which  he  removed  to 
Western  Star,  .Summit  County,  Ohio,  where  he  con- 
tinued actively  engaged  in  practice  until  1849.  The 
winter  of  this  year  he  spent  in  l'hiladeli)hia,  in  the 
study  of  anatomy  and  surgery,  and  in  attending  the 
hospitals  in  that  city.  He  then  opened  an  ufHce  at 
Akron,  Ohio,  where  he  practiced  with  success,  being 
much  employed  in  surgical  cases.  In  the  spring  of 
1854  his  health  became  impaired,  from  exposure  to 
malaria  and  overwork,  which  finally  induced  him  to 
remove  to  the  city  of  Chicago.  After  a  temporary 
re3i  he  measurably  regained  his  health,  and  com- 
menced practice  in  that  nity.  As  evidence  of  the  favor 
in  which  he  was  held  in  Akron,  it  may  be  stated  that, 
in  the  winter  of  1854,  he  was  summoned  to  that  place 
to  perform  the  delicate  operation  of  ligating  the  ex- 
ternal iliac  artery,  which  he  tied  with  success.  The 
case  was  reported  by  A.  II.  Agard,  M.  D.,  in  the 
Atnerican  Journal  of  Medical  Sciences,  April,  1856. 
The  Doctor  is  a  well-informed  physician,  and  quite  a 
successful  surgeon.  He  has  made  occasional  contri- 
butions to  medical  literature,  of  much  interest  to  the 


"•tss^iiiiiMWMyrimiiiiiwi^^^^^^ 


^^memmmmmm^Siimmmsm'-'-^ 


240 


BIOfiRAPHICAL   SKETCHES, 


profession.  In  1864  he  read  a  paper  before  the 
American  Medical  Association,  convened  at  New 
York,  "On  the  Use  of  the  Sulphites  of  Soda,  Lime, 
and  JMat^nesia,  in  the  Treatment  of  I'Irysipelas,  Hos- 
pital Gangrene,  Phlebitis,  and  other  Zymotic  Dis- 
eases," which  was  published  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Association  for  1865.  Since  that  time,  the  sulphites 
have  come  into  exi<_nsive  use  by  the  profession.  Dr. 
Fisher  is  Emeritus  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the 
Woman's  Hospital  Medical  College  of  Chicago,  a 
member  of  the  Chicago  Society  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  and  a  member  of  the  Chicago  Medical 
Society  ;  and  has  been  President  of  both  ;  a  member  of 
the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society  ;  also  a  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association  since  June,  1863; 
and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
the  State  of  California.  He  has  been  twice  married, 
first  to  Louisa  Dewey,  of  Akron,  Ohio,  by  whom  he 
has  had  six  children,  of  whom  but  two  are  now  living. 
His  first  wife  died  May  14,  1854.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  to  his  second  wife,  Mrs.  Clarissa  B.  Griswold, 
in  October,  1855,  who  died  September  27,  i8;o.  The 
Doctor  is  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  takes  a  great  interest  in  everything  that 
affects  its  efficiency  and  standing  before  the  public. 

FRISSPXL,  JOHN,  M.  D.,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.. 
was  born  in  Peru,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  March  8, 
1 8 10.  He  was  the  son  of  Amasa  F"ris3ell,  a  thrifty 
farmer  of  Scotch  descent.  His  mother  was  of  English 
parentage,  named  Wilcox.  They  secured  good  edu- 
cations  to  their   six   children,   four    sons   and    two 


I 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION,        24I 


er  before  the 
ened  at  New 
)f  Soda,  Lime, 
•y  si  pel  as,  Hos- 
Zyinotic  Dis- 
isactions  of  the 
,  the  sulphites 
rofession.  Dr. 
Lirgery  in  tlv" 
of  Chicago,  a 
'hysicians  and 
icago  Medical 
1 ;  a  member  of 
3  a  member  of 
:e  June,  1863 ; 
lical  Society  of 
twice  married, 
,  by  whom  he 
are  now  living, 
was  united  in 
;a  IJ.  Griswold, 
7,  1870.  The 
ce  of  his  pro- 
I'erything  that 
the  public. 

;eling,  W.  Va., 
iss.,  March  8, 
ssell,  a  thrifty 
ivas  of  English 
ed  good  edu- 
ons   and    two 


daughter.^      The  eldest  of  the  sons  was  a  farmer,  and 
tlic  other    three    received  collegiate  educations,  and 
represent  the   professions  of  Divinity,  Medicine,  and 
Law.     The  subject  of  this  sketch,  m  his  youth  worked 
on  the  farm  with  his  father,  attending  the  common 
school    in  winter,  from  which    he  was   advanced   to 
the  Academy  in  Old  Hadley.     He  entered  Williams 
College,  in  1827,  and  graduated  A.  B.  in   1831.     He 
commenced  the  study  of  Medicine  with  Dr.  PIbenezer 
Emmons,  of  Williamstown,  whose   assistant  he   had 
been  in  the  Chemical  Laboratory  of  Williams  College 
for  two  years.     In  1832  he  attended  lectures  at  the 
Berkshire  Medical  College,  in  Pittsfield.     At  the  in- 
vitation of  Prof.  WiUard  Parker,  he  accompanied  him 
to  Woodstock,  in  the  spring  of  1833,  where  he  became 
demonstrator  of  anatomy.     He  filled   the  s  .me  posi- 
tion for   Professor  Parker  in  the   Berkshire  Medical 
School.     At  that  period  it  was  the  duty  of  the  demon- 
strator to  prepare  the  dissections  for  the  Professor,  and 
afterwards  to  recapitulate  closely  to  the  class  the  Pro- 
fessor's lecture,  and  to  carefully  superintend  and  in- 
struct all  those  making  dissections.    Having  continued 
demonstrator  through  the  year   1834,  and  attending 
lectures,  he  graduated  M.  D.  from  the  Berkshire  Col- 
lege, at  the  close  of  that  term.     In  the  fell  of  this  year 
he  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Williams  College. 
He  remained  in  Pittsiield,  hearing  recitations,  and  in- 
structing students   in  anatomy  during  the  spring  and 
summer.     In  the  fall  and  winter  of  1835,  he  demon- 
strated his  fourth  and  last  course  of  lectures. 

Dr.  Frissell  now  removed  to  Wheeling,  W.   Va., 
where  he  arrived  on  the  3d  of  June,  1836.     In  pass- 


sm^mmKmm 


sftmssi-- 


BIOGKAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


iiig  through  New  York  City,  he  purchased  a  set  of 
surgical  and  obstetrical  instruments.  At  first  practice 
came  to  him  slowly,  but  he  occupied  his  spare  time 
profitably  in  the  study  of  botany,  and  in  giving  lec- 
tures on  that  subject  in  the  .schools  of  Wheeling,  and 
in  rambling  with  his  classes  over  the  hills  and  through 
the  country,  seeking  flowers  and  .specimens  with  which 
illustrate  his  lectures.  He  al.so  indulged  his  taste  for 
the  geological  and  mineralogical  sciences, by  studying 
the  rocks  and  minerals  to  be  found  in  the  vicinity  of 
Wheeling  with  Drs.  A.  S.  Todd,  Townsend,  and 
others  interested  in  these  subjects.  But  in  a  few 
years  his  time  was  all  required  to  perform  the  labor 
of  his  increasing  professional  engag.  "  "its. 

In  a  commercial  and  manufactun-'T  ty  such  as 
Wheeling,  laborers  and  mechanics  arc  v  o  *d  to  nu- 
merous accidents,  so  that  the  surgical  practice  is  very 
large  as  compared  to  the  ordinary  sickness  of  its  popu- 
lation. Dr.  Frissell  was,  therefore,  early  called  upon 
to  take  a  prominent  part  in  such  operations,  which  his 
exact  knowledge  of  anatomy  enabled  him  to  perform 
with  skill  and  success.  He  early  became  known  as 
one  of  the  best  surgeons  and  most  eminent  physicians 
in  Western  Virginia,  a  reputation  which  he  still  en- 
joys. 

In  1838,  he  performed  his  first  operation  for  harelip 
with  deformed  upper  jaw,  and  in  1839,  shortly  after 
the  first  operations  by  George  McClellan,  of  Philadel- 
phia, for  club-foot,  by  the  division  of  tendons,  Dr. 
Frissell  operated  for  the  relief  of  this  deformity  by 
the  same  method  in  Wheeling. 

In  1 841,  he  commenced  operating  with  success  for 


wssmmsB^^ 


ased  a  set  of 

first  practice 

lis  spare  time 

n  giving  lec- 

Vheeling,  and 

and  through 

ns  with  which 

i  his  taste  for 

;s,by  studying 

the  vicinity  of 

)vvnsend,   and 

But  in   a  few 

brm  the  labor 

'Us. 

u  sucli  as 
\  o  id  to  nu- 
idciice  is  very 
ss  of  its  popu- 
y  called  upon 
ons,  which  his 
im  to  perform 
me  known  as 
:nt  physicians 
h  he  still  en- 

on  for  hare-lip 
,  shortly  after 
J.  of  Philadel- 
tendons,  Dr. 
deformity  by 

;h  success  for 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


243 


strabismus,  and  in  May,  1846,  he  performed  his  first 
operation  for  stone  in  the  bladder,  and  in  1856,  he 
performed  his  first  successful  operation  for  vesico- 
vaginalis  fistula.  He  has  operated  with  success  for 
staphyloraphy,  and  frequently  for  phimosis  and  para- 
phimosis with  adherent  prepuce.  He  has  performed 
various  minor  operations  in  plastic  surgery,  and,  in 
1871,  performed  one  of  the  most  extensive  and  suc- 
cessful operations  of  that  class  (in  this  the  chin  and 
sternum  were  held  nearly  in  contact)  on  record.  He 
has  often  enucleated  or  removed  the  eye  from  the  or- 
bit, and  has  performed  nearly  all  the  different  oper- 
ations known  to  the  art  of  surgery  upon  or  about 
that  organ ;  and  has,  ever  since  he  settled  at  Wheel- 
ing, operated  upon  such  cases  as  presented  (with  few 
exceptions)  in  all  the  different  departments  of  surgery. 

The  Doctor  has  never  aspired  to  be  known  as  a 
medical  author,  but  is  universally  recognized  as  an 
industrious  worker  and  a  most  skillful  and  judicious 
practitioner  and  successful  surgeon.  The  testimony 
to  his  surgical  practice  recorded  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  West  Virginia  State  Medical  Society,  prepared 
from  his  notes  of  every-day  business,  will  surprise 
most  surgeons,  of  even  large  cities,  who  enjoy  favora- 
ble opportunities  for  such  practice. 

But  Dr.  Frissell  has  been  as  extensively  engaged  in 
general  practice  as  in  surgery.  The  list  of  papers 
describing  cases  treated  and  operations  performed  by 
him  are  too  numerous  to  be  given  even  by  title  in 
the  space  allotted  for  this  sketch ;  but  they  are  to  be 
found  in  the  Transactions  of  the  West  Virginia  State 
Medical  Society.     He  was  the  first  surgeon  in  west- 


ii 

If 


S58ES!SK!5Sf* 


244 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


em  Virginia  to  avail  himself  of  chloroform  in  capital 
operations,  having  used  it  first  in  November,  1850; 
and,  although  using  it  In  thousands  of  cases,  no  un- 
toward accident  has  ever  occurred  in  his  practice. 

Dr.  Frissell  was  connected  with  the  Wheeling  In- 
firmary during  its  continuance,  and  has  been  con- 
nected with  the  hospital  which  has  succeeded  it  from 
the  time  it  was  established.  For  more  than  twenty 
years  he  has  held  the  appointment  of  Chief 
Physician  and  Surgeon  to  these  in.stitutions,  which 
as  ho.«pitals  have  fully  supplied  an  urgent  want  in 
West  Virginia,  and  also  to  western  Pennsylvania  and 
southeastern  Ohio. 

Soon  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  Dr.  Frissell 
was  appointed  by  Governor  Pierpont,  Medical  Superin- 
tendent of  the  military  prisoners  and  soldiers  stationed 
at  Wheeling.  He  was  subsequently  continued  as 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  at  the  same  post,  by  the 
Surgeon-General  of  the  United  States  Army,  to  the 
close  of  the  war.  Most  of  the  time  he  had  full 
charge  of  the  medical  department  of  the  post.  At 
the  Sprigg  House  General  Hospital,  Dr.  E.  A.  Hil- 
dreth  during  the  same  time  served  as  one  of  the 
medical  staff. 

Dr.  Frissell  was  also  a  member  of  the  State  Board 
of  P'xaminers  for  Surgeons  entering  the  Army  during 
the  war.  The  position  of  Surgeon  for  the  Marine 
Patients  at  Wheeling  has  been  filled  by  him  for  more 
than  twenty-five  years.  He  is  also  physician  of  the 
Convent  of  the  Sisters  of  the  Visitation,  and  the 
school  for  young  ladies  at  Mount  de  Chantal,  and  to 
Saint  Vincent's  College.     He  was  the  first  President 


form  in  capital 
iveniber,  1850; 
)f  cases,  no  un- 
is  practice. 
Wheeling  In- 
has  been  con- 
xeeded  it  from 
re  than  twenty 
cnt  of  Chief 
itutions,  which 
urgent  want  in 
innsylvania  and 

var  Dr.  Frissell 
'edical  Superin- 
Idiers  stationed 
'  continued  as 
lie  post,  by  the 
3  Army,  to  the 
le  he  had  full 
the  post.  At 
Dr.  E.  A.  Ilil- 
as   one  of  the 

he  State  Board 
e  Army  during 
for  the  Marine 
y  him  for  more 
hysician  of  the 
ation,  and  the 
!!^hantal,  and  to 
first  President 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION.        245 

of  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  West  Virginia, 
instituted  May  lo,  1867.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  and  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  Ohio  Count)-,  and  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  California,  and  was 
a   member  of  the  Centennial    International  Medical 

Congress  of  1876. 

The  Doctor  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Ann,  daughter 
of  Col  John  Thompson,  of  Moundsville,  W.  Va.  He 
was  accompanied  by  his  wife  to  California,  and  both 
enjoyed  the  trip,  and  were  delighted  with  the  many 
new  and  cherished  friendships  formed  among  the 
medical  men  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  as 
well  as  among  the  citizens  of  California. 

GARVIN,  LUCIUS  FAYETTE  CLARK,  M.  D., 
of  Lonsdale,' R.  I.,  was  born  in  KnoxviUe,  Knox  Co., 
Tennessee,  November  13,  1841.      He  is  a  son  of  the 
late  Prof  James  Garvin,  a  graduate  of  Amherst  College 
in  the  class  of  183 1,  and  who  held  the  Chair  of  Math- 
ematics  and  Chemistry  in  the  1<  ast  Tennessee  Univer- 
sity, at  the  time  of  his  death  in  1845.     The  Doctor  s 
mother  was  the  daughter  of  Dr.   Luther  Gunn,   of 
Pittsfield,  Mass.     The  subject  of  this  sketch  in  youth 
attended  the  district  schools  in  Sunderland  and  in 
Edgefield,  Mass.;  afterward  the  select  schools  m  Sun- 
derLd,  Mass.,  and  Greensboro,  N.  C.     He  prepared 
for  college    at    New    Garden,   N.   C,   and    entered 
Amherst,  where  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  B^n 
1862,  after  the  usual  course  of  four  years.     He  then 
entered  the  army  and  served  as  a  private  for  nine 
months  in  the    Fifty-first  Massachusetts    Regiment. 


24b 


niOr.RAPKICAL   SKETCHF.S. 


He  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  David 
N.  Rice,  of  Leverctt,  Mass  ,  and  subsequently  with  Dr. 
Sylvanus  Chipp,  of  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  The  last  year  of 
his  .student  life  was  pa.sscd  as  Interne  in  the  Boston 
City  Hospital.  He  attended  the  usual  course  of  lec- 
tures at  the  Harvard  Medical  School,  and  graduated 
M.  D.in  1867.  Dr.  Garvin  opened  an  office  the  same  year 
in  Lonsdale,  R.  I.,  where  he  .still  resides,  and  enjoys  a 
full  general  practice  in  that  busy  manufacturing  village. 
He  is  a  close  observer  and  an  excellent  writer,  and  has 
contributed  sonic  good  articles  to  the  medical  journals; 
among  which  are  an  article  on  "Alcohol ;"  "Analysis  of 
Twenty-eight  cases  of  Mammitis ;  Premature  Death  of 
Great  Men ;"  these  may  be  found  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Rhode  Island  Medical  Society;  "a  Case  of  Sun- 
stroke" {Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  1876).  Also 
an  elaborate  and  carefully  prepared  paper  on  "the 
Sanitary  Requirements  in  Factories,"  published  in  the 
third  volume  of  the  Transactions  of  the  American 
Public  Health  A.ssociation.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Rhode  Island  Medical  Society,  the  Providence  Medi- 
cal Society,  the  American  Medical  Association,  of  the 
American  Public  Health  As.sociation,  and  an  honor- 
ary member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society. 
The  Doctor  is  married  and  has  three  children — all 
daughters. 


GILCREST,  ROBERT  SCOTT,  M.  D.,  of  De 
Graff,  O.,  was  born  at  Mount  Vernon,  Knox  Co.,  Ohio, 
August  5,  1823.  His  father  was  an  officer  in  the 
War  of  18 1 2,  a  man  of  good  business  capacity,  and 
was  often  chosen  by  the  people  of  his  section  of  Ohio 


with  Dr.  David 
Licntly  with  Dr. 
rhe  last  year  of 
in  the  Boston 
course  of  lec- 
and  graduated 
:e  the  same  year 
s,  and  enjoys  a 
cturing  village, 
writer,  and  has 
jdical  journals; 
I;" "Analysis  of 
lature  Death  of 
le  Transactions 
'a  Case  of  Sun- 
,  1876).  Also 
paper  on  "the 
ublished  in  the 
the  American 
member  of  the 
avidencc  Medi- 
ociation,  of  the 
and  an  honor- 
edical  Society. 
:  children — all 


M.  D.,  of  De 
[nox  Co.,  Ohio, 
I  officer  in  the 
i  capacity,  and 
section  of  Ohio 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAI.   ASSOCIATION.        247 

to  fill  places  of  honor  and  public  trust.     The  subject 
of  this  sketch  in  his  youth  attended  the  district  schools 
until  sufficiently  advanced  to  enter  the  Martinsburgh 
Academy,  which  he  did  in   1839.  and  after  attending 
for   some   years,  took   a  partial  course   at    Kenyon 
College.     May  7.  1 847- he  commenced  the  study  of 
medicine  v     ^     he  direction  of  Dr.  H.  L.  Thrall,  of 
Gambicr.  Ohio ;  attended  his  first  course  of  medical 
lectures  at  the  Western  Reserve  College,  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  in  the  winter  of  1850-5  i-     On  the  close  of  the 
lecture  term,  by  request,  he  went  to  New  Albany,  and 
took  charge  of  Dr.  Brooks's  practice,  during  his  tem- 
porary absence.     Returning  to  Cleveland,  he  attended 
another  course  of  lectures,  and  received   his  medical 
degree  in  the  spring  of  1853.     April  i.  of  the  same 
year,  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession   at  De 
Graff,   where   he    still    resides,   and    has   been    fully 
employed.     Notwithstanding  the  fatigues  of  a  labor- 
ious general  practice,  he  manages  to  read  and  inform 
himself  of  the  latest  discoveries  and  improvements 
in  medical  science.     His  confidence   in  the  power  of 
judiciously  chosen  remedies  is  as  great  now  as  on  his 
entry  into  his  profession.     His  visit  to  California  was 
made  a  tour  of  inspection  for  the  acquisition  of  knowl- 
edge in  the  interest  of  his  patients.     While  on  the 
Pacific  Coast,  Dr.  Gilcrest  visited  the  Yosemite  Valley, 
the  Geysers,  and  most  places  of  interest  to  travelers, 
and  spent  a  day  at  Salt  Lake  City  en  route.     He  is 
persuaded  that  altitude  exercises  a   wonderful  influ- 
ence upon  vital  function  and  may  yet  be  made  a  valu- 
able means  to  obtain  relief  in  certain  diseases.     The 
Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  Logan  County  Medical 


Z48 


niOCiRAPIIICAI.   SKETCHES. 


Society,  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  tlie  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society.  In  l<S52  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  I'hilcna  Brooks,  of  Colum- 
bus, O.,  who  died  in  1854.  In  1856  the  Doctor  mar- 
ried Annie  B.  Brooks,  of  Dc  Graff;  they  have  one 
child — a  daughter — Fay. 

GILLETT,  BUCKLAND,  M.  D.,  of  Franklin, 
Venango  Co.,  Pa.,  was  born  at  Broome,  Schoharie 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  September  18,  1807.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Connecticut  who  settled  in  New  York  .State, 
first  in  Schoharie  County,  and  then  removed  to  Fre- 
donia,  Chautauqua  County.  Me  received  a  good  edu- 
cation at  the  Fredonia  Academy.  His  medical  studies 
were  begun  in  1824  with  Dr.  S.  White,  with  whom  he 
read  four  years,  and  then,  upon  the  certificate  of 
study,  was  admitted  to  an  examination  by  the  Censors 
of  the  Chautauqua  County  Medical  Society,  and  reg- 
ularly licensed  to  practice  medicine  and  surgery,  in 
conformity  with  the  laws  then  in  force  in  the  State  of 
New  York.  In  1829  he  began  to  practice  in  Titus- 
ville,  Crawford  Co.,  Pa.,  but,  in  1834,  removed  to 
F"ranklin,  Venango  Co.,  where  he  has  continued  to 
reside  to  the  present  time.  Dr.  Gillett  has  enjoyed 
the  confidence  of  this  community  to  the  fullest  extent 
for  nearly  half  a  century,  and  has  discharged  the 
duties  of  a  skillful  and  conscientious  physician  in  a 
most  acceptable  manner.  In  1847  he  matriculated 
and  attended  lectures  at  Harvard  University.  The 
honorary  degree  of  M.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  University  of  Wooster,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1873. 


;ty,  tlic  Anicri- 
•ary  nicnibcr  of 
In  I.S52  he 
oks,  of  Col  lim- 
it" Doctor  inar- 
thcy  have  one 


,  of  Frankhn, 
)ine,  Schoharie 
3  parents  were 
few  York  State, 
Miiovcd  to  Fle- 
xed a  ^^ood  edu- 
medical  studies 
,  with  whom  he 
e   certificate   of 

by  the  Censors 
)ciety,  and  reg- 
md  surgery,  in 
:  in  the  State  of 
actice  in  Titus- 
4,  removed  to 
s  continued  to 
:tt  has  enjoyed 
le  fullest  extent 
discharged    the 

physician  in  a 
le  matriculated 
niversity.  The 
2d  upon  him  by 
,  Ohio,  in  1873. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        249 

Dr  Gillctt  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Venango 
County  Medical  Society,  and  served  for  two  years  as 
its  President.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Medical  Society,  and  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  ; 
a  member  of  the  American  Medical  Association  since 
1869  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society,     He  was   President  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Medical  Association  in   1876.     This  body 
assembled  at  the  house  of  Dr.  W.  B.  Atkinson  imme- 
diately after  the  adjournment  of  the  session  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  when  the  Doctor  de- 
livered  a  very  interesting  address,  which    has  been 
published  in  the  Baltimore  Physician.     In    1832  he 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Sarah  Byles,  who  is  still 
living.     They  have  one  child,  a  daughter,  now  the  wife 
of  R.  L.  Cochran,  of  Franklin.     Dr.  Gillett  is  a  man  of 
courtly  manners,  intelligent  and  communicative,  and 
a  most  agreeable  companion.     He  enjoyed  his  trip  to 
California,  and  was  active  in  collecting  information  on 
all  possible  subjects. 

GOLDING,  WALTER  SIDNEY,  M.  D.,  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  was  born  at  Germanton,  N.  C,  April  19, 
1828.'  He  is  the  oldest  child  and  son  of  Reuben  D. 
and  Mary  (Bitting)  Golding,  who  were  descendants  of 
Revolutionary  ancestors  of  the  old  "  North  State."  At 
the  age  of  ten  years,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
sent  to  the  academy  of  Samuel  Smith,  Esq.,  in  Rock- 
ingham County.  At  this  school  he  prepared  for 
"Chapel  Hill  Academy."  After  having  passed  through 
the  usual  routine  of  studies  he  was  then  sent  to 
"Emory  and  Henry  College,"  W.  Va.,  where  he  re- 


g«'.i»!iiaai^a»tgae?gji 


250 


m  ( )(i  1<  A  PM I C  A  I,   S  K  I'TC  1 1 1«. 


maincd  about  one  year.  His  health  not  being 
good,  his  friends  tliought  it  best  that  he  sliould 
return  to  Chapel  Hill.  During  his  senior  year  his 
health  again  Lccame  so  nuich  impaired  that  he  was 
taken  from  college  and  sent  to  I'lorida,  where  his 
health  was  regained.  On  his  return  to  North  Caro- 
lina, he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Bev- 
erly Jones.  In  1847  the  Doctor  was  .sent  to  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  became  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas  D. 
Mutter,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College  and  clinical  lectures  at  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital.  He  graduated  M.  D.  at  the  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College  in  185  I.  Immediately  after  obtaining  his 
degree,  he  was,  through  the  friendly  recommendation 
of  Prof  R.  J.  Dunglison,  appointed  resident  physician 
of  the  Baltimore  City  and  County  Almshouse,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  held  for  nearly  two  years,  and  dis- 
charged the  duties  assigned  him  to  the  entire  .satis- 
faction of  the  Trustees  and  the  attending  physicians. 
In  October,  1852,  he  removed  to,  and  opeiied  an 
office  in,  the  city  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  sotn  ac- 
quired a  good,  remunerative  practice,  and  has  resided 
ever  since,  except  three  years  that  he  spent  as  surgeon 
in  the  Confederate  Army.  At  the  close  of  the  late 
war,  Dr.  Golding  returned  to  St.  Louis  and,  in  the 
spring  of  1866,  was  appointed  one  of  the  Health  Com- 
missioners of  the  city.  He  has  been  physician  to  the 
St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum  for  seven  years.  This 
institution  shelters  throughout  the  year  an  average  of 
two  hundred  and  fifty  male  children.  Dr.  Golding 
is  a  man  of  agreeable  and  polite  manners,  and  enjoys 
a  good  general  practice.     In  1868  the  Doctor  was 


til    not   being 
at    lie    should 
nior  year  his 
xl  tiiat  he  was 
tla,  where  his 
o  North  Caro- 
with   Dr.  Hev- 
sent  to  Fhila- 
)r.  Thomas  D. 
Jefferson  Mcd- 
Pennsylvania 
Jefferson  Med- 
r  obtaining  his 
commendation 
dent  physician 
shoiisc,  a  posi- 
ears,   and  dis- 
iie  entire  satis- 
ing  physicians, 
lid   opeiied    an 
;rc  he  sotn  ac- 
ind  has  resided 
xrnt  as  surgeon 
3se  of  the  late 
lis  and,  in  the 
e  Health  Com- 
lysician  to  the 
1  years.     This 
•  an  average  of 
Dr.  Golding 
:rs,  and  enjoys 
e  Doctor  was 


KOCKV   MOUNTAIN    MF.niCAI.   /v.SSOCIATI()N. 


251 


united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Josephine  A.  Crozct, 
daughter  of  the  I  Ion,  John  W.  Tibbotts,  and  grand- 
daughter of  Cicneral  James  Taylor,  lie  is  a  member 
of  the  St.  Louis  Medical  Society,  the  St.  Louis  Acad- 
emy of  Science,  the  Missouri  State  Medical  Society, 
the  American  Medical  Association  since  1H54,  and  an 
honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society. 

HAMILT(^N,  JOSKPM  ORMOND,  M.  D.,  of 
Jcrseyville,  III.,  was  born  in  New  Design,  Monroe 
Co.,  III.,  April  2,  1S24.  He  is  t!ie  youngest  son  of 
Thomas  M.  and  Apphia  Hamilton,  who  removed  from 
I  lartford,  N.  Y.,  and  settle  d  at  Point  Harmer,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Muskingum  river,  September  19,  1796. 
From  this  place  they  removed  to  Now  Design,  May 
1,1818.  In  1 83 1,  they  removed  to  Otterville,  Jersey 
County,  eight  miles  from  Jerseyville,  where  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  attended  the  district  school  and  acquired 
a  fair  English  education.  Afterwards  he  was  for  two 
years  a  student  of  the  Ohio  University  at  Athens. 
While  at  this  place  he  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  Silas  Parker,  subsequently  continued 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  William  Blackstone.  In 
1845  he  returned  to  Jerseyville,  where  he  was  asso- 
ciated in  practice  for  a  year  with  Dr.  James  C.  Perry. 
He  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Missouri, 
where  he  graduated  M.  D.  in  1850.  He  then  opened  an 
office  at  Grafton,  Jersey  Co.,  111.,  where  he  remained 
one  year,  returning  to  Jerseyville  in  May,  1851,  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Perry,  which  continued 
till  the  death  of  the  latter  in   1861,  since  which  time 


.-■-<> 


252 


mor.HArillACI.   SKKTCtlFS. 


Dr.  H.  continiicil  the  business  without  assistance. 
The  Doctor  was  an  indefatigable  worker,  and  had  a 
large  and  hiborious  practice,  from  which  he  rarely 
took  a  day's  rest.  On  the  25tli  of  Aunii^t,  1875,  he 
was  stricken  down  witli  paralysis,  from  which  he  has 
measurably  recovered,  but  is  still  {greatly  afllicted. 
He  was  united  in  marriatje.  May  I,  1H51,  to  Margaret 
Perry.  They  have  had  six  children,  three  of  whom 
are  livin^j — Mary,  Ormond  and  Frank  T.  He  is  a 
member  of  and  was  a  Dcletjate  from  the  Medical 
Society  of  the  State  of  Illinois  to  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association,  which  met  in  California,  in  1871; 
and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society.  He  enjoyed  this  trip,  and  made 
careful  notes  of  interesting  matters,  to  preserve  his 
recollections  of  the  more  remarkable  places  and  oc- 
currences connected  with  his  visit  to  the  Pacific. 

HARDING,  MYRON  HAVVLKY,  M.  D.,  of  Law- 
renccburgh,  Ind.,  was  born  in  Williamson,  Ontario 
Co.,  N.  v.,  August  7,  1 8 10.  His  parents  were  among 
the  earliest  emigrants  to  Western  New  York.  His 
father  was  for  some  time  a  captive  among  the  Indians 
under  command  of  the  notorious  renegade  Brandt,  by 
whom  he  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  Wyoming  mas- 
sacre. The  common  schools  were  the  only  source 
from  which  he  received  his  early  education,  and  his 
medical  pupilage  was  passed  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  W.  T.  S.  Cornett,  of  Versailles,  Ind.  He  took  his 
medical  degree  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College  in  the 
spring  of  1837,  having  practiced  as  a  licentiate  of  the 
Dearborn  County  Medical   Society,  at   Manchester, 


p-e??^T:*,fl5i;^7- 


|ill«|i'ifPI|i.lMlilULmiUlUliM.  ■>*!•> 


3ut  assistance, 
kcr,  and  had  a 
Inch  he  rarely 
Li^'ust,  1875,  he 
I  which  ho  has 
•e.itly  afflicted. 
;i,  to  Marj^arct 
three  of  whom 
V  T.  He  is  a 
i\  the  Medical 
mierican  Medi- 
)rnia,  in  1871 ; 
"ahfornia  State 
trip,  and  made 
;o  preserve  his 
phiccs  and  oc- 
le  Pacific. 

,  M.  D.,  of  Law- 
imson,  Ontario 
nts  were  among 
;w  York.  His 
>ng  the  Indians 
jade  Brandt,  by 
l\^yoming  mas- 
he  only  source 
ication,  and  his 
:he  direction  of 
1.  He  took  his 
College  in  the 
licentiate  of  the 
at   Manchester, 


ROCKV   MOtNTAIN    MI.IHCAI.   ASSOCIATION.        253 

Ind     four  years  previous  to  his  graduation.     Aftt-r 
having    labored  in  his   profcssi<,n  for  eleven  years  at 
Manchester,  he    removed    to    Lawrcnceburgh.    Ind., 
where  he   still   resides  and  enjoys  a  large  business. 
The  active  and  practical  life  that  Dr.  Hard.ng  has 
led  together  with   congenital  myopia   that  has   rcn- 
dered  writing  difficult  and  laborious,  has   not  been 
nworable  for  authorMiip.     I  Ic  has.  lu.wever,  publ.shed 
a  few  articles  in  medical  journals  of  current  profes- 
sional interest.     In  addition  to  his  general  business, 
he  has  scr'  -d  as  United  Stat  s  Pension  Surgeon   rom 
,862  to  the  present  tim--.     Was  President  of  Indiana 
State  Medical  Society  r>    1866.  when  he  delivered  a 
learned  and  able  ..ddre  .  upon  the  "  Effects  of  Climate 
and  Temperature  up  a  Hcaltl,   -nd  I.  itional  Charac- 
ter"    He  has  also  been   Pre  i  k-nt  of  the    Dearborn 
County  Medical  Society;  .  .r.n.bcr  of  the  American 
Medical  Associatic:.  since  1859.  and     ;  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Cfutonia  State  MeJi.al  Society.     In 
1838  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Lucy  S,  Plummcr, 
who  died  in  1864.    In  1865  he  was  joined  m  a.:»  .age 
to  Mary  A.  Hill.     He  has  four  children  hving-Isa- 
dore  H.,  Laura  F.,  Myron  Hawlcy.and  David  Arthur. 

HATFIELD,  NATHAN  LP:WIS.  M.  U.,  of  Phila- 
delphia Pa.,  was  born  in  Montgomery'  County  of  that 
State,  August  2d.  1 804.  He  is  descended  from  a  pa- 
triotic ancestry,  his  grandduher  luwuig  participated  m 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  his  father  commanded  a 
com.-r...  In  the  war  of  1812.  He  received  the  firs 
rudiments  of  his  education  at  the  public  schools  at 
Trappe,  Montgomery  County.  >*hich  was  taught  by  f . 


254 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


R.  Shunk,  afterward  Governor  of  Pennsylvania.  Sub- 
sequently he  attended  the  Academy  of  Drs.  Wylie 
and  Engel,  and  then  the  Classical  Departments  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  His  medical  studies 
were  commenced  with  Dr.  Elijah  Griffiths,  of  Phila- 
delphia. He  attended  two  courses  of  lectures  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  one  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.,  in  1826, 
in  the  first  class  which  left  that  now  renowned  in- 
stitution. He  opened  an  office  and  commenced 
practice  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  immediately  after, 
and  has  continued  to  reside  there  ever  since,  enjoy- 
ing a  good  general  practice.  From  time  to  time 
he  has  contributed  articles  to  the  medical  journals 
and  to  the  Transactions  of  the  State  Medical  Society, 
and  delivered  an  interesting  address  before  the 
Alumni  of  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  in  1874,  on 
retiring  from  the  Presidency  of  that  body.  He  has 
held  quite  a  number  of  positions  of  honor  in  medical 
organizations.  He  was  for  some  years  President  of 
the  City  Board  of  Health.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia ;  a  member  of  the 
Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society ;  of  the  Nor- 
thern Medical  Association  of  Philadelphia,  of  which 
he  has  been  President ;  of  the  State  Medical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania,  of  which  he  was  Vice-President  in 
1865  ;  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College,  of  which  he  was  President  in  1874;  of 
the  American  Medical  Association  since  1 848  ;  and  an 
honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical  So- 
ciety. He  has  throughout  his  half  century  of  practice 
been  a  constant  and  earnest  supporter  of  medical  or- 


jylvania.  Sub- 
of  Drs.  Wylie 
irtments  of  the 
nedical  studies 
ffiths,  of  Phila- 
lectures  at  the 
it  the  Jefferson 
M.  D.,  in  1826, 
w  renowned  in- 
id  commenced 
mediately  after, 
er  since,  enjoy- 
i  time  to  time 
edical  journals 
[edical  Society, 
:ss  before  the 
ege  in  1874,  on 
body.  He  has 
onor  in  medical 
irs  President  of 
How  of  the  Col- 
member  of  the 
';  of  the  Nor- 
:lphia,  of  which 
viedical  Society 
ice-President  in 
Jefferson  Med- 
nt  in  1874;  of 
:e  1 848 ;  and  an 
ate  Medical  So- 
itury  of  practice 
r  of  medical  or- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        255 

ganizations  and  professional  ethics.  The  Doctor  has 
been  twice  married  and  has  five  children  living ;  one 
son,  Dr.  Nathan  H.,  is  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  Philadelphia. 

HEIGHWAY,  ARCHIBALD  E.,  M.  D.,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  was  born  in  that  city,  December  26, 1820. 
His  father,  John  Heighway,  emigrated  to  Ohio  ^t  an 
early  period  and  embarked  in  banking.  He  served 
through  the  war  of  18 12.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  General  Mercer,  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  who 
served  throughout  the  American  Revolution. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  during  his  youth  attended 
the  common  schools  and  finished  his  academic  studies 
in  Miami  University,  Oxford,  Ohio.  In  the  summer 
of  1842  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  under 
the  direction  of  Prof.  J.  T.  Shotwell,  attended  lectures 
in  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  and  graduated  M.  D., 
in  the  spring  of  1 845.  He,  notwithstanding,  continued 
his  studies  the  following  year,  attending  all  the  clinics 
and  lectures  as  before,  and  spending  much  time  in 
dissecting,  and  pursuing  special  studies  in  anatomy 
and  physiology. 

In  the  spring  of  1846,  he  had  purposed  to  apply  lor 
admission  to  the  navy.  But  war  being  declared  by 
the  United  States  against  Mexico,  he  at  once  resolved 
to  enter  the  army.  He  was  commissioned  Assistant 
Surgeon  and  assigned  to  the  First  Regiment  Ohio 
Volunteers,  and  accompanied  the  army  to  Mexico. 

When  the  small-pox  broke  out  in  the  army,  in 
Monterey,  in  1847,  he  was  detached  from  the  regiment 
and  placed  in  charge  of  a  hospital   for  the  special 


MM 


256 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


■^v 


treatment  of  that  disease.  When  the  hospital  was  no 
longer  required  he  was  assigned  to  various  com- 
mands; and  performed  the  most  arduous  marches; 
and  was  under  fire  during  several  actions  and  skir- 
mishes. 

He  was  assigned  to  the  United  States  General  Hos- 
pital, Matamoras,  which  position  he  held  for  eight 
months.  In  the  summer  of  1848,  he  went  to  Vera 
Cruz,  where  he  remained  till  August — the  close  of  the 
war — when  he  returned  to  Cincinnati,  having  lost  but 
six  days'  duty  while  in  the  service,  that  being  caused 
by  an  attack  of  yellow  fever,  during  the  epidemic  of 
that  disease  which  prevailed  in  th-^  army,  in  Mata- 
moras. 

In  November,  1848,  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  and 
was  a  constant  attendant  on  the  clinics  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital ;  also  on  the  clinics  and  lectures  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  and  of  the  Jefferson  Med- 
ical College — selecting  those  lectures  in  each  which 
most  interested  him.  In  the  spring  of  1849,  he 
embarked  in  the  special  study  of  analytical  chemistry 
and  metallurgy,  in  the  laboratory  of  Professor  Booth, 
of  the  United  States  Mint,  Philadelphia.  Upon  the 
completion  of  this  course  of  study,  he  returned  to  Cin- 
cinnati and  engaged  for  the  first  time  in  private  prac- 
tice, during  the  epidemic  of  cholera  in  1849. 

In  1852  the  berth  of  surgeon  of  one  of  the  Vander- 
bilt  line  of  steamers,  plying  between  the  ports  of  New 
York,  New  Orleans  and  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  was 
offered  him,  which  he  accepted.  He  made  monthly 
trips  to  the  tropics  for  nearly  two  years,  with  the 
exception  of  a  portion  of  the  summer  of  1853,  when 


-fir 


ospital  was  no 

various   com- 

lous    marches; 

ions  and  skir- 

!  General  Hos- 
lield  for  eight 
went  to  Vera 
he  close  of  the 
laving  lost  but 
t  being  caused 
he  epidemic  of 
rmy,  in  Mata- 

iladelphia,  and 
n  the  Pennsyl- 
lectures  of  the 
Jefferson  Med- 
in  each  which 
:  of  1849,  he 
tical  chemistry 
rofessor  Booth, 
lia.  Upon  the 
iturned  to  Cin- 
n  private  prac- 
1849. 

of  the  Vander- 
j  ports  of  New 
>f  Panama,  was 
made  monthly 
'ears,  with  the 
of  1853,  when 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        257 

the  yellow  fever  prevailed  in  New  Orleans,  in  the  form 
of  the  severest  epidemic  which  had  ever  afflicted  that 
city.  As  the  ship  to  which  he  was  attached  was 
about  to  sail,  he  determined  to  stop  off  one  or  two 
trips  and  render  all  the  service  in  his  power,  m 
relieving  the  numerous  sufferers  and  the  over-worked 
profession  in  that  city. 

In  the  spring  of  1854,  he  quit  the  sea,  and,  m  the 
following    November,  married    Miss  Josephine    M., 
daughter  of  Captain  J.  C.  Culbertson,  of  Cincinnati. 
By  this  union  they  had  three  sons,  one  of  whom  died 
in  November,  i860.      His  wife  died  August  6,  1861. 
The  Doctor  was  left  with  two  young  children— the 
care  of  whom  prevented  his  going  into  active  service 
in  the  field,  but,  being  anxious  to  sei  ve,  he  was  as- 
signed to  duty  in  the  General  Hospital  at  Camp  Den- 
nison,  near  Cincinnati,  and  soon  after,  in  one  of  the 
hospitals  in  the  city.     This  service  he  continued  for 
about  one  year,  when  he  was  assigned  the  duty  of  at- 
tending sick  and  wounded  officers,  together  with  their 
families,  who  were  either  in  Cincinnati  on  duty  or  on 
sick-leave  from   the  field.     All   medicines,  dressings 
and  appliances  were  furnished  by  the  government  to 
such  cases,  upon  his  prescriptions  and  requisitions. 

Since  the  close  of  the  war,  he  has  visited  Europe 
twice;  the  first  time  spending  the  winter  of  1866-67 
in  Paris,  visiting  the  various  hospitals.  He  has  trav- 
eled extensively  over  the  North  American  continent, 
from  the  Isthmus  to  Lake  Superior,  and  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

The  Doctor  is  enthusiastically  attached  to  the  study 
of  medicine,  but  is   not  equally  fond  of  general  or 


tmmmimmumimsm 


»mwmM  ij>m»mmimmwsit 


258 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


private  practice,  having  served  too  long  in  the  public 
service.  He  therefore  limits  his  business  to  the 
minimum,  and  devotes  his  time  principally  in  endeav- 
oring to  keep  up  with  the  advancement  in  science;  the 
direction  of  the  education  of  his  two  sons,  together 
with  the  management  of  a  large  estate  wh  \  he  in- 
herited from  his  parents. 

Few  physicians  are  more  constant  in  their  attend- 
ance of  the  medical  conventions  than  Dr.  Heighway. 
He  is  a  member  of  Academy  of  Medicine  of  Cincin- 
nati, which  he  represented  in  the  American  Medical 
Association  in  California  in  1871  ;  of  the  Cincinnati 
Medical  Society;  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society; 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  has  been 
since  185 1 ;  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Califor- 
nia State  Medical  Society. 

HELM,  JOHN  HAMPTON,  M.  D.,  of  Peru,  Ind., 
was  born  at  Elizabethtown,  Carter  Co.,  Tenn.,  \pril 
23,  1826.  He  is  the  son  of  the  late  Dr.  John  C,  and 
Amy  (Hampton)  Helm.  His  grandfather  was  a  Ger- 
man, who  emigrated  to  America,  and,  espousing  the 
cause  of  the  colonists,  joined  them  in  the  struggle 
for  independence,  and  after  being  mustered  out  of  the 
service  at  the  close  of  the  war,  removed  to  the  south- 
west, and  settled  first  in  Charleston,  W.  Va.,  and 
afterward  moved  to  East  Tennessee.  His  maternal 
grandmother  was  a  daughter  of  ]*taj.  John  Hampton, 
of  South  Carolina,  who  served  under  General  Jack- 
son in  the  war  of  1815.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
received  a  good  education,  chiefly  under  private 
tutors.      His  medical  studies  were  begun  with  Dr. 


in  the  public 

isiness   to    the 

•ally  in  endeav- 

in  science;  the 

sons,  together 

:e  wh    h  he  in- 

in  their  attend- 
Dr.  Heighway. 
icine  of  Cincin- 
lerican  Medical 
the  Cincinnati 
[edical  Society; 
,  and  has  been 
•  of  the  Califor- 


>.,  of  Peru,  Ind., 
lo.,  Tenn.,  \pril 
!)r.  John  C,  and 
ither  was  a  Ger- 
I,  espousing  the 
in  the  struggle 
tered  out  of  the 
;d  to  the  south- 
n,  W.  Va.,  and 
His  maternal 
John  Hampton, 
r  General  Jack- 
t  of  this  sketch 
under  private 
begun  with  Dr. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        259 

Pliny  M.  Grume,  at  Eaton,  Ohio,  and  continued  with 
Dr  Charles  L.  Avery.    He  attended  lectures  and  grad- 
uated at  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  at  Cincinnati, 
in  1847,  and  the  same  year  commenced  practice,  m 
partnership  with  Dr.  Crume,  at  Eaton.     The  years 
1848,  1849  and  1850  he  spent  in  traveling  through 
Mexico,  California,  Oregon,  Central  America  and  the 
West  Indies.      On  his  return  he  resumed  business 
with  Dr.  Grume,  and  continued  actively  engaged  until 
i860,  when  he  removed  to  Peru,  Ind.     Here  he  en- 
joys a  large  and  responsible  practice.     The  Doctor 
has  contributed  a  few  good  articles  to  the  medical 
journals  and  medical  societies.     He  is  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  State  Medical  Society,  and  was  its  Presi- 
dent  in  1876;  of  the  Miami  County  Medical  Society, 
and  its  President  in  1872-74;    is  at  present  a  mem- 
ber of  Peru  City  Board  of  Health ;    is  also  a  member 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  attended 
the  meeting  at  San  Francisco  in  1871,  and  is  an  honor- 
ary member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society. 
Dr.  Helm  was  united  in  marriage  in  185 1,  to   Mary, 
daughter  of  Rev.  Andrew  Henkle,  of  Germantown, 
Ohio;  she  died  in  1852.     In  1854  he  was  again  mar- 
ried to  Margaret  Ridenour,  of  Preble  County,  Ohio. 
They  have  three   children— one  daughter,  and   two 
sons  living.     His  wife  and  daughter  accompanied  him 
to  California.     In  addition  to  his  practice,  the  Doctor 
superintends  the  management  of  his  agricultural  and 
stock-raising  farms,  which  are  situated  in  Miami  Co., 
Ind.,  and  in  Champaign  Co.,  111. 


'm.SJf^***^^'**®''*^**^'*^^®**''®''^'''^' 


a4V-W'!iH<iw»'^,ta'w<tfKy;i!«aa«a!r'^B*.fe'!*^'^vs^ 


26o 


DIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


HEWITT,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  M.  D.,  of 
Franklin  Grove,  111.,  was  born  in  Middleburg,  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Pa.,  December  23,  1830.  He  is  the  son  of 
G.  W.  and  Margaret  (Cronkleton)  Hewitt.  He  re- 
ceived his  academic  education  at  the  Green  Castle 
Academy.  His  medical  studies  were  pursued  under 
Dr.  Samuel  Chew,  of  Baltimore,  and  at  the  same  time 
he  attended  lectures  at  the  University  of  Maryland, 
where  he  graduated  in  1854.  On  the  ist  of  May  of 
this  year  he  settled  to  practice  at  Franklin  Grove, 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  a  large  and  general 
professional  business.  He  was  a  Delegate  from  the 
Illinois  State  Medical  Society  to  the  American  Med- 
ical Association  in  1871.  This  appointment  induced 
him  to  make  the  trip  to  the  Pacific  coast,  which  he 
enjoyed  very  much,  finding  the  mountain  scenery 
grand  and  the  extent  of  unoccupied  territory  vastly 
beyond  his  expectation.  He  married  Miss  Caroline 
Davis  Miller,  September  25,  1856.  She  died  Novem- 
ber 19,  1863,  leaving  two  children,  both  sons — Harry 
and  George.  They  are  now  preparing  to  enter  the 
medical  profession;  the  former  having  attended  a 
course  of  lectures.  During  the  late  war  Dr.  Hewitt 
served  as  Surgeon  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Regiment 
Illinois  Volunteers.  He  was  in  the  staff  of  Colonel 
Kirke  when  he  was  made  Brigadier-General,  with 
whom  he  served  as  Acting  Brigade  Surgeon.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Lee  Coanty  Medical  Society,  and 
of  the  Illinois  State  Society ;  of  the  American  Med- 
ical Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Cal- 
ifornia State  Medical  Society. 


ON,  M.  D.,  of 
leburg,  Frank- 
is  the  son  of 
witt.  He  re- 
Green  Castle 
pursued  under 
the  same  time 
T  of  Maryland, 
1st  of  May  of 
ranklin  Grove, 
je  and  general 
:gate  from  the 
.merican  Med- 
tment  induced 
oast,  which  he 
mtain  scenery 
:erritory  vastly 
Miss  Caroline 
2  died  Novem- 
1  sons — Harry 
J  to  enter  the 
ig  attended  a 
tzx  Dr.  Hewitt 
rth  Regiment 
:aff  of  Colonel 
-General,  with 
irgeon.  He  is 
il  Society,  and 
Lmerican  Med- 
ber  of  the  Cal- 


KOCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION.        26 1 

HIBBARD.   JAMKS   FARQUHAR.    M.  D.,  of 
Richmond,  Ind.,  was   born   at    Monrovia,  Frederick 
Co    Md     November  4,  1816.     Both  his  parents  be- 
longed to  the    Society   of  Friends.     His  American 
ancestors  came  to  this  country  with  William  Penn. 
His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Wright.     The  early 
education  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  at  the 
common  schools,  and  at  Benjamin   Hollowell  s  Clas- 
sical  School  in  Alexandria,  Va.     His  medical  pre- 
ceptor was  Dr.   Wright.     He  attended  medical  lec- 
tures at  Yale  College  in  1839  and  1840.     Immedi- 
ately  after  the  close  of  the  winter  term  he  commenced 
practice  in  Salem,  Montgomery  County,  Ohio.    After 
a  few  years'  practice  he  again  attended   medical  lec- 
tures at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  m 
New  York,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.  in  1849-     The 
Doctor  attended  a  supplementary  course  of  lectures  in 
this  institution  during  the  session  of  1855-56.    In  1849 
he  was  appointed  Surgeon  to  the  commercial  steamer 
Senator,  and  proceeded  with  her.  via  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  to  California,  where  he  practiced  with  suc- 
cess  till    1855,  when   he   returned   to   the  Atlantic 
States    and  opened  an  office  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  but 
shortly  afterward  removed  to  Richmond,  Ind.,  where 
he  has   since   resided,  and  has   been   in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  a  large  and  responsible  practice      Since  1875 
he  has  been  limiting  his  professional  labors,  other 
cares  and  interests  requiring  much  of  his  attention. 
"  His  extensive  general  information,  as  well  as  his  em.- 
nent  qualifications  as  a  physician,  placed  h.m  easily 
at  the  head  of  the  profession,  and  his  high  character 
and  exemplary  habits  make  him  the  favorite  medical 


wmm 


IjB^upwtHlliWiWWIWtiUltStitiW.'fca-^-M^j'S 


262 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKi':TCHE.S. 


adviser  in  most  critical  cases,  as  well  as  in  public  and 
benevolent  projects  and  enterprises.  Early  in  his 
professional  career  he  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the 
Ohio  State  Medical  Society.  He  was  one  of  the 
chief  organizers  of  the  Indiana  .State  Medical  Society, 
and  the  Wayne  County  Medical  Society.  He  has 
been  a  laborious  and  eminently  efficient  member  of 
the  American  Medical  Association  since  1863,  and 
has  filled  most  of  its  offices,  and  made  a  number  of 
valuable  reports,  which  may  be  found  in  its  transac- 
tions. He  has  contributed  many  valuable  papers  to 
the  medical  journals  and  to  the  transactions  of  the 
societies.  He  held  the  chair  of  Physiology  and  Gen- 
eral Pathology  in  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio  in 
1861  ;  was  Vice-President  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  1865 ;  President  of  the  Indiana  State 
Medical  Society  1863;  president  of  the  Miami  Dis- 
trict Medical  Society  in  1873-74;  and  is  an  honorary 
member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society,  hold- 
ing membership  also  in  other  organizations.  In  1842 
Dr.  Hibbard  was  married  to  Nancy  D.  Higgins,  who 
died  in  1846,  leaving  one  son,  Elgar  Grant.  Married 
Catherine  Leeds  in  May,  "56,  who  died  in  October, 
1868,  leaving  one  son,  Wiiton  Leeds.  He  married 
his  present  wife,  Elizabeth  M.  Laws,  April  20th,  1 871. 
She  accompanied  him  on  his  trip  to  California  to 
attend  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Associ- 
ation. This,  his  second  visit  to  California,  was  made 
under  more  agreeable  circumstances,  and  in  a  far 
more,  comfortable  manner  than  his  first,  sixteen  years 
previously — the  Pullman  car  has  been  substituted  for 
the  emigrant  train,  the  only  mode  of  traveling  through 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


263 


in  public  and 
Early  in  his 
Irmation  of  the 
IS  one  of  the 
dical  Society, 
iety.      He  has 
:nt  member  of 
nee   1863,  and 
e  a  number  of 
in  its  transac- 
iblc  papers  to 
actions  of  the 
logy  and  Gen- 
je  of  Ohio  in 
srican  Medical 
Indiana   State 
le  Miami  Dis- 
is  an  honorary 
Society,  hold- 
ions.     In  1842 
Higgins,  who 
ant.     Married 
d  in  October, 
He  married 
>ril  20th,  1 87 1. 
California  to 
edical  Associ- 
tiia,  was  made 
and  in  a  far 
sixteen  years 
ubstituted  for 
eling  through 


this  region  during  the  early  years  of  the  gold  excite- 
ment, and  it  is  surprising  to  see  how  closely  the  rail- 
road follows  the  emigrant  trail  and  stage  road.  And, 
besides,  this  was  a  wedding  trfp,  when  the  world  looks 
rosy.  The  Doctor  was  very  entertaining,  giving  much 
desirable  information  to  his  fel!o\i -passengers.  He  is 
what  might  be  called  a  self-made  man,  full  of  exact  in- 
formation on  almost  every  subject.  He  was  so  circum- 
stanced in  youth  that  he  had  to  provide  for  his  own 
education,  and  to  make  his  way  unaided  in  the  world. 
He  has  traveled  much,  is  a  good  observer,  and  is 
familiar  with  the  motives  which  actuate  human  nature 
in  every  rank  of  life.  He  served  two  years  in  the 
Ohio  Legislature — 1845-47.  His  residence  in  Cal- 
ifornia in  the  early  days  of  its  settlement,  and  during 
the  greatest  gold  excitement,  also  afforded  him  an 
ample  field  for  the  study  of  character  as  well  as  for 
the  acquisition  of  fortune.  In  1869  he  made  a  trip 
to  Europe,  which  was  protracted  into  the  following 
year,  and  extended  to  parts  of  Asia  and  Africa.  The 
Doctor  is  a  clear,  logical  thinker,  a  fluent  speaker  and 
a  good  writer ;  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  he  will 
favor  the  profession  with  his  observations  in  a  very 
extensive  practice.  He  has  contributed  many  articles 
to  the  medical  journals  and  to  the  Transactions  of 
medical  societies. 

HILDRETH,  EUGENIUS  AUGUSTUS,  M.  D., 
of  Wheeling,  VV.  Va.,  was  born  in  that  city,  Sep- 
tember 13,  1 82 1.  He  is  the  .son  of  Ezekiel  Hildreth, 
who  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College  in  1814.  His 
mother  was  the  daughter  of  Jonathan  Zane,  who  with 


^^mi»i>f!xmmmtiismhi«\i!miimmim 


l<WMW.MM-Wl»WUklMitj;ijjjllWt.4tjLM.Wlll»«i»llitli||iti|JlHm|)jiiil 


264 


BIOr.KArillCAI.   SKETCHES. 


his  brother  first  settled  Wheeling,  wh  i 'h  they  laid  out  in 
city  lots  in  1793.  This  family  is  quite  noted  in  Amer- 
ican history  for  literary,  professional  and  scientific  at- 
tainmenl  ^.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  his 
preparatory  education  from  his  father,  and  completed 
his  academic  studies  at  Kenyjn  College,  Ohio.  In 
1840  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr 
Thomas  Townsend,  of  Wheeling.  In  1842  he  attended 
lectures  at  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  at  Cincinnati; 
continued  his  medical  .studies  under  thepreceptorship 
of  Dr.  John  T.  Shotwell,  and  attended  his  second 
course  of  lectures  the  following  winter,  graduating 
M.  D.  in  1844.  The  same  year  he  passed  a  competi- 
tive examination  for  the  position  of  Resident  Physician 
of  the  Commercial  Hospital  and  Lunatic  Asylum  of 
Ohio,  to  which  he  was  appointed  and  served  one  year. 
He  then  opened  an  office  in  his  native  place,  where 
he  has  been  uninterruptedly  engaged  in  full  practice 
up  to  the  present  time.  The  doctor,  as  has  been 
stated,  is  descended  from  a  stock  of  educated,  vigor- 
ous thinkers,  authors  and  professional  men.  He  has 
himself  a  well-trained  mind,  and  is  quite  familiar  with 
the  natural  and  physical  sciences.  During  our  trip  to 
California  he  was  one  of  the  most  careful  observers  of 
the  physical  peculiarities  and  geological  configuration 
of  the  country  over  which  the  Pacific  Railroad  is  built. 
He  also  noted  the  evidences  of  climate  by  taking 
thernio metrical  and  psychrometrical  observations,  and 
noted  the  trees  and  other  vegetable  growths,  the 
trend  and  degradation  of  rocks,  the  canons  and 
deeply-worn  water  courses,  etc.  During  his  visit  he 
wrote  for  the  Wheeling  Intelligencer  a  series  of  six 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MF.IUCAI.   ASSOCIATION. 


J65 


they  laid  out  in 
noted  in  Aincr- 
nd  scientific  at- 
h  received  his 
and  completed 
ejje,  Ohio.  In 
niicinc  with  Dr 
842  he  attended 
"),at  Cincinnati; 
cpreceptorship 
led  his  second 
iter,  graduating 
ssed  a  conipeti- 
iident  Physician 
latic  Asylum  of 
icrved  one  year, 
ivc  place,  wlicre 
in  full  practice 
T,  as  has  been 
educated,  vigor- 
I  men.  He  has 
to  familiar  with 
ring  our  trip  to 
ful  observers  of 
al  configuration 
Lailroad  is  built, 
mate  by  taking 
bservations,  and 
e  growths,  the 
lie  canons  and 
ing  his  visit  he 
a  series  of  six 


letters,  signed  "Spec,"  descriptive  of  the  route  an-1  the 
more  notable  incidents  of  the  trip.  In  1850  the  Doctor 
contributed  an  article  to  the  WisUrii  Lancet  on  "  The 
Introduction  of  Ice  into  the  Uterus  in  Obstetric  Il.X'm- 
orrhage,"  with  a  number  of  cases,  having  first  practiced 
this  mode  in  1846.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Boaril  of  Examiners  for  Surgeons  seeking  for  appoint- 
ments in  the  army.  1  le  maile  a  report  on  "  Climatology 
and  I'lpidemic  Diseases  of  Western  Virginia,"  to  the 
American  Medical  Association  in  1868,  and  a  second 
report  on  the  same  subject  in  1872.  He  also  made  a 
report  on  "The  Topography,  Meteorology,  Climatol- 
ogy and  Epidemic  Diseases  of  Ohio  County,  West 
Virginia,"  to  the  State  Medical  Society,  1869,  and  a 
second  report  on  the  same  subject.  (Transactions  of 
West  Virginia  State  Medical  Society.)  His  contribu- 
tions to  the  State  Medical  Society  are  too  numerous 
to  be  referred  to  even  by  title;  but  his  address  as 
President,  and  his  report  on  "The  Medical  History 
and  Biography  of  the  Profession  of  Wheeling  for  the 
past  Hundred  Years,"  are  valuable.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Wheeling  and  the  Ohio  County  Medical  Soci- 
eties, of  which  he  was  President  in  1875;  has  been  a 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Association  ^  nee 
1850;  of  the  West  Virginia  State  Medical  Society 
since  its  organization,  and  is  an  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society.  As  one  of  the 
Directors,  he  organized  the  West  Virginia  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  in  1864-65.  He  is  President  of  the 
Wheeling  Board  of  Education,  and  was  a  Director  of 
the  West  Virginia  Penitentiary  from  1 868  to  1 872.  Dr. 
H.  has  a  turn  for  invention,  and  has  devised  a  number 


^""mmmm 


-66 


iiiookAi'urcAi.  sKinciiEs. 


of  mechanical  appliances  of   use    in    his  profession. 
While  Resilient  Physician  in  the  Cincinnati  Hospital 
he  made   a  copy  or  working;   model   of   I'rof.   John 
Locke's   "  table    ^;alvanic    hattcry."    for    use    in    the 
hospital.      His   instrument   even    excelled    the    I'ro- 
fessor's,  as  it  reijuired  water  alone  in  tlie  cells  in- 
stead of  acids,  and  was  sufficiently  powerful  for  all 
priictical  purposes.     This  instrument  was  purchased 
by  the  trustees  for  use  at  the  lu.spital.     1  le  has  always 
made  the  splints  and  surjjical  appliances  required  in  his 
practice.     As  an  evidence  of  his  mechanical  skill  and 
jjcnius  in  this  direction,  once,  upon  a  waj;er  with  Dr. 
S.  P.  Hullehan,  he  made  a  full  set  of  teeth,  mounting 
them  on  a  goUl  plate,  for  a  lady,  which  were  pro- 
nounced equal  to  the  best,  and  are  at  this  writing  still 
doing  good  service  for  their  owner.     He  has  devised  a 
speculum  with  parallel  bars  that  presents  some  new 
features,  and  may  prove  on  trial  to  have  advantages 
over  those  in  use.    In  185 1,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Susan  Lambdin  McMechan.     They  have  five  chil- 
dren.    The  Doctor  is  an  admirable  type  of  our  best 
physicians,  combining  a  good  education,  enthusiasm, 
and  devotion  to  the  duty  not  only  of  attention  to  the 
sick,  but  of  acquiring  information   and  of    keeping 
abreast  of  the  latest  improvements  in  the  art  of  medi- 
cine. 

HILL,  NATHAN  B.,  M.  D.,  of  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  was  born  in  Randolph  County,  N.  C,  May  13, 
1817;  died  of  apoplexy,  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  February 
5,  1875.  His  early  education  was  received  at  the 
schools  of  Ashboro  and  at  the  Friends'  School  at 


fi'  ™rtmyp|*3iiT|fl^»f^n^|rT^7i"»(K"r 


his  profession, 
nnati  Hospital 
of  Prof.  John 
r   use   in    the 
lied    the    I'ro- 
I  tlie  cells  in- 
;)\verful  for  all 
was  purchased 
1  le  has  always 
required  in  his 
mical  skill  and 
•vajjer  with  Dr. 
L'cth,  mounting 
lich  were  pro- 
his  writing  still 
e  has  devised  a 
:nts  some  new 
ave  advantages 
ted  in  marriage 
have  five  chil- 
/pe  of  our  best 
on,  enthusiasm, 
ittention  to  the 
lid  of    keeping 
;he  art  of  medi- 


f  Minneapolis, 
N.  C,  May  13, 
dinn.,  February 
received  at  the 
nds'  School  at 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MKIIICAI.    ASSOCIATION.        267 

New  Garden,  N.  C.     Subsequently,  he  attended  Ilav- 
erford   College,  near    I'h.ladclphia.    I'a.       His    office 
me.lical    studies   were    pursued    in    North    Carohna. 
but    he   attended    lectures  at  the   Jefferson    Medical 
CoU.ge,  session  of  i«42-3-     He  then  returned  home 
and  commenced  to  practice  in  his  native  State.     He 
attended  a  second    course  of   lectures  at  the    Ohio 
Medical  College,  Cincinnati,  in   1848.  and  graduated 
M    I)  at  the  close   of  the  session.     In  the  sprmg  of 
1850    he   visited   the  West,   with  a  view  to    sett!  ng 
there    but   returned   to    North    Carolina,  where    he 
.secured  a  good  practice.     On  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  in  1861,  he  at  once  removed  with   his  family  to 
Minneapolis,  where  he  acquired  a  large  and  lucrative 
professional  business.      He  was  one  of  the  incorpo- 
rators of  the  city  of  Minneapolis,  and  held  a  seat  in 
the  Common  Council  for  three  years.     When  the  two 
cities,  Minneapolis   and   St.  Anthony,  were   consoli- 
dated, he  was  reelected  to  the  Council  and  served  one 
year. '  At  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  President  of 
the  Minnesota  State  Medical  Society,  and  was  seized 
with  paralysis  shortly  after  concluding  an  admirable 
address  at  the  opening  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
.society,  which  met,  in   1875.  at  St.  Paul.     He  was 
actively  connected  with  all  the  medical  organizations 
of  the  State,  that  had  in  view  the  advancement  of  the 
profession  and  the  promotion  of  the  public  health. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Hennepin  County  Medical 
Society,  and  for  three  years  had  been  its  president ;  of 
the  American  Medical  Association,  and  an  honorary 
member   of  the    California    State    Medical    Society. 
He  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  State 


afffW'l*gMll^i'''WWM''Wi 


268 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Board  of  Health,  and  gave  much  aid  to  secure  its 
organization.  He  attended  the  meeting  of  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association  in  California,  in  1871,  as 
delegate  from  the  Minnesota  State  Medical  Society. 
He  greatly  enjoyed  his  visit  to  the  Pacific.  The 
Doctor  was  thoroughly  in  love  with  his  profession, 
and  deserves  the  grateful  remembrance  of  his  medical 
brethren. 


HILLIARD,  JOHN  FREDERICK,  M.  D.,  of 
Evansville,  Ind.,  was  born  in  Vanderburgh  Co.,  Ind., 
in  1836.  His  early  education  was  at  the  public 
schools,  preparatory  to  entering  Asbuiy  University,  of 
Indiana,  where  he  took  a  full  course,  graduating  A.  B. 
in  1858,  and  subsequently  received  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  He  then  commenced  the  study  of  medicine, 
and  after  attending  the  usual  course  of  lectures,  grad- 
uated M.  D.  at  the  Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery  in  the  spring  of  1861.  Shortly  after  this, 
he  began  to  practice  his  profession  at  Millersburgh, 
Warrick  county,  where  he  resided  until  the  fall  of 
1867,  when,  after  taking  five  months  to  review  medical 
practice  and  method  of  diagnosis  at  the  schools  and 
hospitals  of  Philadelphia,  he  removed  to  Evansville, 
where  he  now  resides  and  enjoys  a  large  general  busi- 
ness. He  is  a  member  of  the  Evansville  Medical 
Society;  of  the  Drake  Medical  Society;  of  the  Dis- 
trict Medical  Society,  and  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Califor- 
nia State  Medical  Society. 


ii>iiiiiiiBifi-iriin'MiMr 


to  secure  its 
of  the  Amer- 
i,  in  1871,  as 
idical  Society. 
Pacific.  The 
lis  profession, 
of  his  medical 


[C,  M.  D.,  of 
irgh  Co.,  Ind., 
at  the  public 

University,  of 
iduating  A.  B. 
:he  degree  of 
y  of  medicine, 
lectures,  grad- 
e  of  Medicine 
)rtly  after  this, 

Millersburgh, 
til  the  fall  of 
•eview  medical 
e  schools  and 
to  Evansville, 
:  general  busi- 
sville  Medical 
r;  of  the  Dis- 
rican  Medical 
of  the  Califor- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         269 

HOLTON,  HENRY  DWIGHT,  M.  D.,  of  Brattle- 
boro,  Vt,  was  born  in   Rockingham,  Windham  Co., 
Vt,  July  24,  1838.     His  early  education  was  at  the 
public  schools,  and  then  at  the  Seminary  at  Saxton's 
River.      His   medical   studies  were  begun   in   1857, 
under  the  superintendence  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Warren,  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  concluded  with  Dr.  A.  B.  Mott,  of 
New  York.     His  medical  degree  was  received  from 
the  University  of  New  York,  in  i860.     In  the  same 
year  he  opened  an  office  in  Brooklyn,  E.  D.  (formerly 
Williamsburg),  N.  Y.,  and  served  as  one  of  the  physi- 
cians   of  the  Williamsburgh  Dispensary  while   re- 
siding there.     In  November  of  the  same  year  he  re- 
moved to  Putney,  Vt.,and  in  1867  to  Brattleboro,  where 
he  now  resides  and  enjoys  a  large  and  responsible 
practice.     His  visit  to  California  was  one  of  pleasure, 
and  aroused  in  him  new  enthusiasm  for  his  profession, 
admiration  for  the  vastness  of  our  country,  and  re- 
spect  for  the  energy  and  enterprise  of  our  people 
who  are  bringing  its  wonderful  resources  into  prac- 
tical use.     The  Doctor  has  coniiributed  some  valuable 
papers  to  medical  journals,  and  to  Transactions  of 
medical   societies,  and   has  recently  edited  "  Mott's 
Medical  Clinics,"  which  is  destined  to  have  a  consid- 
erable sale.    An  article  describing  his  apparatus  for 
keep'ng  in  place  sternal  dislocations  of  the  clavicle  is 
in  Transactions  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
-  (Vol.  16),  and  an  article  on  Diphtheria,  (idem,  1S66),  are 
contributions  which  show  research  and  ability.     Dr. 
Holton  is  a  member  of  the  Vermont  Medical  Society, 
and  was  its  President  in  1872;   was  President  of  the 
Connecticut  Valley  Medical  Association  in  1867,  and 


270 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Iiad  been  its  Secretary  ifor  five  years ;  a  member  of 
the  American  Public  Health  Association,  and  a  cor- 
responding member  of  the  Boston  Gynaecological  So- 
ciety ;  a  member  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion; an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society,  and  of  the  British  National  Associa- 
tion. He  was  formerly  Surgeon  of  the  Twelfth  Ver- 
mont Militia.  He  has  been  a  Trustee  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Vermont  since  1873,  and  is  now  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica  and  Pathology  in  the  same  institution ; 
also  Medical  Examiner  to  the  Asylum  for  the  Insane 
of  Vermont.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in  1862  to 
Ellen  J.  Hoit.  They  have  one  child  living — Edith 
H.  The  Doctor  is  a  vigorous  orator,  a  clear  thinker, 
and  well  up  in  a  knowledge  of  the  most  approved  and 
latest  methods  of  diagnosis  and  means  of  relieving 
human  suffering. 

HOVEY,  ARIAL  BURNHAN,  M.  D.,  of  Tiffin, 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Albany,  Orleans  Co.,  Vt.,  February 
9,  1829.  He  received  instruction  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  neighborhood  and  afterward  at  Oberlin 
College,  Ohio,  where  he  acquired  a  good  academical 
education.  His  medical  studies  were  commenced 
with  Dr.  Homer  Johnson,  of  Oberlin,  in  1848,  but, 
moving  to  Cleveland  the  following  year,  he  entered 
the  office  of  Prof.  H.  A.  Ackley,  of  that  city.  He 
attended  the  usual  course  of  lectures  at  the  medical 
department  of  the  Western  Reserve  College,  at  Cleve- 
land, and  graduated  M.  D.  in  185 1.  Shortly  after 
obtaining  his  degree,  he  settled  to  practice  in  Tiffin, 
in   Seneca    County,  where  he   still   resides,  and   is 


;iiiaiii'ii:MM.iiiwiiLj<iiiiiHiiiiLU<vj.i«in4flnMmf!^ 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.        27 1 


a  member  of 
on,  and  a  cor- 
laecological  So- 
edical  Associa- 
^alifornia  State 
itional  Associa- 
e  Twelfth  Ver- 
of  the  Univer- 
)W  Professor  of 
ime  institution ; 
1  for  the  Insane 
age  in  1862  to 
i  living — Edith 
a  clear  thinker, 
st  approved  and 
ms  of  relieving 


M.  D.,  of  Tiffin, 
3.,  Vt.,  February 

in  the  public 
•ward  at  Oberlin 
rood  academical 
ere  commenced 
in,  in  1848,  but, 
year,  he  entered 

that  city.  He 
s  at  the  medical 
;ollege,  at  Cleve- 
I.  Shortly  after 
practice  in  Tiffin, 

resides,  and   is 


actively  employed  in  general  practice.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Seneca  County  Medical  Society,  and 
represented  it  at  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  in  California,  in  1871;  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  State  Medical  Society;  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.  The  Doctor  married  Susan 
Boyce.  They  have  one  child  living— a  daughter- 
Lola,  married  to  C.  H.  Von  Fine,  of  Sandusky. 

HUGHES,  JOSEPH  CLOKEY,  M.  D.,  of  Keokuk, 
Iowa,  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Pa.,  April   i, 
1 821 .     He  was  educated  at  Jefferson  College,  Canons- 
burgh,  Pa.     His  medical  degree  was  received  from  the 
University  of  Maryland,  in  1845.     In  May  of  this  year 
he  opened  an  office    in  Mount  Vernon,  Knox  Co., 
Ohio,  and  met  with  good  professional  success.     Being 
ambitious  for  f.  larger  field,  he  removed  to  Keokuk, 
where  he  established  himself  in  1850.     Here  he  has 
been  fully  employed  in  attend: ng  to  the  duties  of  a 
large  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  also  as 
teacher  in  the  Medical  College.     He  has  always  taken 
an  act'Vi;  interest  in  medical  organizations,  and  has 
frequently  aUt.ided  the  meetings    of  the  American 
Medic ,4  Association,  of  which  he  was  Vice-President 
'.'^   '.J 67.     Nei'iei   distance,  expense,  nor  the  appre- 
lieiision  of  fatij:  ue  deterred   him  from  attending  the 
.  !uec;t';ig  at  San  Jtr^incisco,  in  1871,  and  taking  part  in 
the   dsj'iherations  of  tha  Convention.     After  the  ad- 
journment of  the  meeang,  he  visited  Yosemite  Valley, 
the  Ge;.'sers,  San  Bernardino,  and  other  localities  of 
interest  to  strangers  in  California.     He  also  stopped 


"f^ismM 


mmttmmmimm 


272 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


for  a  few  days  at  Salt  Lake  City  en  route.  The 
Doctor  is  a  fluent,  magnetic  speaker,  and  a  good 
writer.  He  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the  loiva  Med- 
ical Journal  in  1856-57.  He  has  enjoyed  (what  falls 
to  the  lot  of  but  few  surgeons,)  the  opportunity  of 
performing  the  operation  of  cutting  for  stone  four 
several  times  upon  the  same  patient,  always  with 
success.  He  has  performed  this  operation  in  all  fifty 
times,  with  but  five  deaths.  He  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  Association,  since 
1853,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society.  He  was  a  delegate  from  the  former 
to  the  scientific  associations  of  Europe,  in  1866, 
where  he,  with  his  family,  spent  most  of  the  year  in 
travel  and  scientific  pursuits;  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Centennial  International  Medical  Congress  of  1876. 
As  an  evidence  of  his  popularity  with  the  profession 
of  his  State,  he  has  twice  been  President  of  the  Iowa 
State  Medical  Society.  He  is  now,  and  has  been  for 
twenty-six  years,  Professor  in  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons  of  Keokuk,  and  has  been  for 
twenty-three  years  Professor  of  Surgery  and  Dean  of 
the  Faculty.  He  was  Surgeon-General  of  low  ■ 
during  the  late  war.  In  September,  1848,  he  .vas 
united  in  marriage  to  Amanda  T.  McGugin,  of 
Mount  Vernon,  Ohio.  They  have  fjur  children 
living — Joseph  C,  a  physician,  Ellen  E.,  David  L.  and 
John  A.  The  Doctor  was  accompanied  to  California 
by  his  lady,  and  they  greatly  enjoyed  ihe  trip, 
spending  some  time  in  sight-seeing,  and  partaking  of 
the  hospitality  of  the  profession  and  the  citizens  of 
San  Francisco. 


n  route.    The 
and  a  good 
e  loiva  Med- 
ed  (what  falls 
pportunity  of 
T  stone    four 
,  always  with 
on  in  all  fifty 
active  niem- 
ciation,    since 
alifornia  State 
om  the  former 
jpe,    in    1866, 
of  the  year  in 
a  member  of 
igress  of  1 876. 
the  profession 
it  of  the  Iowa 
d  has  been  for 
ege  of  Physi- 
has  been  for 
^  and  Dean  of 
sral    of   low ' 
1848,  he  v/as 
McGugin,    of 
four  children 
David  L.  and 
I  to  California 
^ed    ihe    trip, 
I  partaking  of 
tie  citizens  of 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


273 


HUNT,  EBENEZER  KINGSBURY,  M.  D.,  of 
Hartford,  Conn.,  was  born  at  Coventry,  Toland  Co., 
August  26,  1810.  He  was  the  son  of  a  physician, 
who  was  also  born  in  Coventry,  and  practiced  medicine 
there  for  fifty  years.  His  mother  was  the  daughter 
of  Eleazer  Pomeroy,  of  this  town,  and  lived  to  the  age 
of  eighty-six  years.  His  preparatory  education  was 
in  the  public  schools.  Subsequently  he  entered  Yale 
College,  where  he  graduated  in  1833.  He  studied 
medicine,  and  graduated  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, Philadelphia,  in  1838.  In  April  of  this  year  he 
commenced  to  practice  in  EUenville,  Ulster  county. 
New  York,  but  left  there  in  the  fall  of  1 839,  and  opened 
an  office  in  Hartford,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided. 
Dr.  Hunt  translated  from  the  French  Esquiral's  Treat- 
ise on  Insanity,  which  was  published  by  Lee  and 
Blanchard  in  1842.  During  the  two  years  1864  and 
1865  he  was  President  of  the  Connecticut  Medical 
Society,  and  his  addresses,  on  the  occasion  of 
these  annual  meetings,  were  published  in  its  Pro- 
ceedings; that  of  the  former  year  being  entitled, 
"  Inert  Practice  in  Disease,"  that  of  the  latter,  "  Public 
and  Benevolent  Institutions  and  Movements  with 
which  the  Society  had  been  Identified."  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  American  IMedical  Association 
since  1 860,  and  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  New 
York  State  Medical  Society,  and  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.  He  enjoyed  his  visit  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  was  a  highly  interested  and  appreciative 
traveler.  The  Doctor  is  united  in  marriage  to  Mary 
C.  Crosby.  They  have  two  children  living,  both 
daughters. 


274 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Hi 


HURLBUT,  VINCENT  LUMBARD,  M.  D.,  of 
Chicago,  111.,  was  born  at  West  Mendon,  Monroe  Co., 
N.  Y.,  June  28,  1829.  While  quite  young,  his  father, 
Dr.  Horatio  N.  Hurlbut,  removed  to  Jefferson,  Ash- 
tabula county,  Ohio,  where  he  remained  until  about 
1851.  In  youth  the  subject  of  this  sketch  re- 
cei\'ed  a  good  general  education,  and  then  studied 
medicine  with  his  father.  His  first  two  courses 
of  medical  lectures  were  at  the  Cleveland  Medical 
College,  1849-50,  and  1850-51.  The  next  course 
was  at  the  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago,  1851-52, 
where  he  received  his  degree. of  M.  D.  He  at  once 
opened  an  office  in  Chicago,  where  he  has  continued 
to  reside,  and  now  enjoys  a  large  and  exacting  family 
practice.  For  some  years  he  has  served  as  Assistant 
Surgeon  to  the  Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  Illi- 
nois. He  is  a  member  of  the  Cook  County  Medical 
Society,  and  one  of  its  Vice-Presidents,  and  of  the  Illi- 
nois State  Medical  Society.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  since  1863,  and 
is  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society.  The  Doctor  is  Most  Eminent  Grand  Master 
of  the  Grand  Encampment  of  Knights  Templar  of  the 
United  States;  an  active  member  of  the  Norlhcin 
Supreme  Council  of  the  Ancient  Accepted  Scottish 
Rite,  Thirty- third  Degree.  He  is  an  enthusiast  in  his 
admiration  for  and  devotion  to  Masonry.  He  has 
been  closely  identified  with  the  creation  and  growth 
of  Apollo  Commandery,  No.  i,  Chicago,  now  number- 
ing over  five  hundred  Sir  Knights.  In  1 871,  at  the 
regular  session  of  the  Grand  Encampment  in  Balti- 
more, he  was  elected  to  the  office  of  Grand  General- 


1 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


75 


RD.  M.  D.,  of 
>n,  Monroe  Co., 
ung,  his  father, 
efferson,  Ash- 
led  until  about 
liis    sketch   re- 
el then  studied 
two    courses 
Iceland  Medical 
e    next  course 
cago,   1851-52, 
3.     He  at  once 
;  has  continued 
exacting  family 
ed  as  Assistant 
he  State  of  Illi- 
bounty  Medical 
and  of  the  Illi- 
leen  a  member 
since  1863,  and 
a  State  Medical 
t  Grand  Master 
Templar  of  the 
the    Northern 
lepted  Scottish 
ithusiast  in  his 
nry.     He   has 
>n  and  growth 
),  now  number- 
n  i87i,at  the 
ment  in  Balti- 
irand  General- 


issimo. In  1874,  at  the  session  at  New  Orleans,  he 
was  elected  to  the  office  of  Deputy  Grand  Master,  and 
has  now  reached  the  highest  place  in  the  gift  of  the 
order,  having  been  elected  to  the  position  of  Grand 
Master  at  the  Twentieth  Triennial  Conclave,  in  Cleve- 
land, August  30,  1877.  His  genial  disposition  and 
habitual  courtesy  render  him  a  welcome  guest  in  every 
circle,  and  secure  for  him  troops  of  friends,  and  a 
large  professional  business. 

IVES,  CHARLES  LINNAEUS,  M.  D.,  of  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  was  lorn  in  that  city  June  22,  1831. 
On    his    father's   side    he   is    the   fourth    in    direct 
descent  who   have   been   physicians,  and   he    is  the 
grandson    of    Dr.  Eli    Ives,  one    of   the    country's 
most   eminent    physicians,  who    was   honored   with 
the    Presidency   of   the   American    Medical   Associ- 
ation.     The    subject   of   this   sketch  was   fitted   for 
college  at  Hopkins  Grammar  School,  New  Haven; 
entered  Yale  College  in  1848,  and  graduated  in  1852. 
He  attended  lectures    at  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.  in  1854.    He 
attended  lectures  the  following  winter  at  the  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York ;  and  was  Resi- 
dent Physician  in  Bellevue  Hospital  for  a  year  and  a 
half.     In  May,   1856,  he    opened   an  office   in  New 
Haven,  and  practiced  with  success  and  growing  repu- 
tation.    He  was  honored  with  an  election  to  the  Vice- 
Presidency  of  the  American  Medical  Association  at 
the  meeting  in  San  Francisco.     He  occupied  the  chair 
of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  Yale  College 
from  1868  to  1873,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of 


wd^.. wiBHtfiiiftiwHf  »■■»" -' 


276 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


failing  health ;  was  subsequently  elected  to  the  chair 
of  Diseases  of  the  Mind  and  Nervous  System  in  the 
University  of  New  York.  To  recruit  his  health  and 
more  thoroughly  to  prepare  for  his  new  professorship, 
a  year  and  a  half  was  allowed  him  for  travel,  and  for 
.study  in  Europe.  But  his  health  remaining  poor,  he 
was  compelled  to  resign  this  position  also.  Returning 
to  the  United  States,  he  has  since  resided  much  of  the 
time  in  Minnesota.  While  there,  in  the  winter  of 
•875~76,  he  took  the  pastoral  charge  of  a  Congrega- 
tional Church  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  members,  at 
Excelsior,  for  three  months,  till  failing  strength  again 
compelled  his  retirement.  Besides  his  medical  theses 
and  some  contributions  to  medical  literature,  the 
Doctor  has  given  much  attention  to  Bible  studies.  In 
1 87 1  he  republished  with  notes  Constable's  Essay  on 
Future  Punishment.  In  1873,  in  this  country,  and  in 
1374,  in  England,  he  published  an  essay  of  his  own, 
on  "  The  Bible  Doctrine  of  the  Soul."  Although  pub- 
lished privately,  twelve  thousand  copies  have  been 
called  for,  in  addition  to  those  gratuitously  circulated. 
A  new  edition,  entirely  rewritten,  is  now  being  issued 
by  the  publishing  house  of  Claxton,  Remsen  and  Haf- 
felfinger.  Philadelphia,  in  which  he  more  fully  argues 
for  the  biblical  conception  of  Man's  Nature  and  Des- 
tiny. Dr.  Ives  is  united  in  marriage  to  Bessie  W. 
Salter,  of  Waverly,  111.,  but  a  native  of  New  Haven. 
She  accompanied  her  husband  to  California  in  i87r. 
They  made  excusions  to  the  Big  Trees,  the  Yosemite 
Valley,  the  Geysers,  Lake  Tahoe,  and  other  places  of 
note,  and  made  themselves  very  agreeable  to  their 
traveling  companions. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.        2/7 


d  to  the  chair 
System  in  the 
lis  health  and 
1  professorship, 
travel,  and  for 
lining  poor,  he 
>o.     Returning 
:d  much  of  the 
the  winter  of 
jf  a  Congrega- 
ty  members,  at 
strength  again 
medical  theses 
literature,    the 
)le  studies.    In 
ble's  Essay  on 
-ountry,  and  in 
ay  of  his  own. 
Although  pub- 
ies   have  been 
isiy  circulated, 
iv  being  issued 
msen  and  Haf- 
•e  fully  argue.s 
iture  and  Des- 
to  Bessie  W. 
'  New  Haven, 
brnia  in  187/. 
the  Yosemite 
•ther  places  of 
able  to  their 


JACKSON,  JOHN  DAVn<:S,  M.  D.,  of  Danville, 
Ky.,  was  born  near  that  place.  December  12th,  1834, 
aid  died  there  December  8th,  1875,  not  completing 
by  a  few  days  the  forty-first  year  of  his  age.  His  an- 
cestors for  several  generations  were  residents  of  Ken- 
tucky. His  mother  died  in  1849;  and  his  father  sur- 
vived the  Doctor  one  year. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  graduated  in  1854  at 
Centre  College,  in  Danville,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
best  educational  institutions  in  the  Southwest.  While 
pursuing  his  academic  course  he  exhibited  much  en- 
thusiasm, and  devoted  himself  to  his  studies  with  un- 
tiring application. 

Having  determined  to  devote  himself  to  the  study 
of  medicine,  immediately  upon  his  graduation  he 
began  his  professional  studies  under  the  supervision 
of  his  uncle,  Dr.  Thomas  W.  Jackson,  of  Danville. 
He  brought  to  the  study  of  medicine  a  mind  of 
rare  philosophical  and  analytical  power,  possessed 
of  quick  perception,  ready  memory,  and  thorough 
training,  and  a  familiarity  with  the  classics  and 
general  literary  topics.  In  the  autumn  of  1854  he 
matriculated  in  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Louisville,  and  there  attended  his  first  course 
of  lectures.  After  spending  the  following  summer 
with  his  uncle,  during  which  time  he  pursued  his 
studies  with  great  fidelity  and  success,  he  matriculated 
at  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  graduated  in  1857.  His  thesis  was 
entitled  Vis  Conservatrix  et  Medicatrix  Natures,  and 
gave  striking  evidence  of  close  study  and  careful  ob- 
servation. The  literary  merits  of  this  essay  are 
highly  creditable. 


-■mmata«»'   '"niiraiftiTOiifnnr 


278 


niOGKAPKICAL   SKETCHES. 


Immediately  upon  graduating,  Dr.  Jackson  returned 
to  his  native  place,  and  opened  an  office  for  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  By  means  of  his  collegiate 
education,  early-acquired  studious  habits,  quick  per- 
ception, retentive  memory, and  indefatigable  industry, 
he  was  enabled  to  enter  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession familiar  with  the  principles  which  were  to  guide 
his  action,  and  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  state 
of  medical  and  surgical  science  of  the  day. 

He  entered  upon  his  medical  career  with  a  di.s- 
tinct  plan,  high  purposes  and  unlimited  ambition. 
From  the  outset  to  the  close  of  his  professional  life  he 
despised  the  artful  and  obsequious  methods  occa  Ion- 
ally  resorted  to  as  a  means  for  gaining  friends  and  em- 
ployment. He  remarked  to  a  friend,  when  speaking 
of  the  first  years  of  his  practice,  that  he  had  determined 
to  deserve  success,  and  never  to  .seek  it  in  a  manner 
unbecoming  the  dignity  and  honor  of  a  physician. 

With  studious  habits,  uiodest  demeanor,  and  retiring 
disposition,  Dr.  Jackson  was  slow  to  extend  his  ac- 
quaintance beyond  that  acquired  in  youth.  His  social 
visits  were  very  few,  and  his  entire  time  was  devoted 
to  his  profession.  The  probationary  years,  so  often 
spent  by  young  physicians  in  bewailing  their  misfor- 
tunes, were  utilized  by  him,  and  spent  in  constant 
labor.  With  persevering  industry,  he  gave  himself  to 
the  study  of  the  text-books,  as  well  as  special  trea- 
tises and  periodicals  which  he  possessed.  He  steadily 
worked  his  way  into  practice,  his  services  being 
sought  as  his  skill  and  ability  became  recognized  by 
those  around  him.  When  the  great  civil  war  broke 
out  between  the  States,  he  had  established  a  good  and 
rapidly-increasing  practice. 


"'''''^•*'i»mmlsm^' 


ckson  returned 
ce  for  the  prac- 
his  collegiate 
'its,  quick  pcr- 
igable  industry, 
ctice  of  his  pro- 
h  were  to  guide 
with  the  state 
day. 

ser  with   a  dls- 
nited   ambition. 
)fessionaI  life  he 
thods  occa  ;on« 
friends  and  em- 
when  speaking 
had  determined 
it  in  a  manner 
f  a  physician, 
nor,  and  retiring 
extend  his  ac- 
uth.    His  social 
He  was  devoted 
years,  so  often 
ig  their  misfor- 
'nt  in  constant 
gave  himself  to 
as  special  trea- 
d.     He  steadily 
services   being 
recognized  by 
civil  war  broke 
»ed  a  good  and 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION.         279 

Dr.  Jackson  never  took  an  active  part  in  public 
affairs,  was  averse  to  engaging  in  political  controver- 
.lies,  and  seldom  talked  upon  such  subjects;  yet  he  was 
a  man  of  chivalric  feelings,  positive  opinions,  and 
firm  convictions.  The  war  once  begun,  he  left  his 
home  and  a  growing  practice,  and  entered  the  Con- 
federate Army  as  a  Surgeon.  During  the  first  years 
he  was  with  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  afterward 
with  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia.  His  r;»nk  was 
thri  '"Surgeon, and  his  duties  were  active  anvi  labori- 
o  ring  the  whole  of  his  term  of  service.     During 

the  greater  portion  of  the  time  he  acted  as  Brigade  or 
Division  Surgeon. 

As  a  medical  officer,  he  served  with  honor  and  dis- 
tinction ;  his  labors  were  actuated  by  patriotism  and  a 
high  sense  of  responsibility,  and  his  duties  were  dis- 
charged with  signal  judgment  and  fidelity. 

Immediately  after  the  surrender  at  Appomattox,  he 
returned  to  Danville,  and  resumed  his  business  there. 
With  characteristic  energy  and  industry,  he  began 
to  collect  a  library,  and  gave  himself  up  entirely 
to  the  study  and  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
was  not  long  at  his  old  home  until  his  time  was 
again  fully  occupied  professionally.  In  a  few  years  he 
collected  around  him  a  choice  medical  library,  and 
being  an  industrious,  rapid  and  exhaustive  reader, 
possessing  a  most  retentive  memory,  he  soon  became 
by  common  consent  the  most  scholarly  member  of 
the  profession  in  Central  Kentucky,  if  not  in  the 
whole  State, 

In  order  to  acquire  more  knowledge  and  to  perfect 
himself  in  certain  special  departments,  he  spent  the 


'v^iummim 


380 


nrooRAPHicAL  sketches. 


winter  of  1869-70  in  the  city  of  New  York.  In  the 
spring  he  returned  to  his  home,  and  resumed  his 
labors  there,  which  in  a  short  time  became  quite 
arduous.  The  demands  for  his  services  now  came  from 
a  wider  circle  and,  indeed,  from  al  -ts  of  'he  State, 
which,  with  the  extensive  reading  •!  i  uthei  i  'erary 
work  he  performed  for  the  State  and  C'ju;ity  Med- 
ical Societies,  and  the  attention  he  gave  fo  his  i:.flfice 
pupils,  fully  occupied  his  time  with  responsible  and 
exhausting  labor.  Like  all  professional  men  who 
accomplish  a  great  deal,  lie  knew  how  to  systematize 
time,  and  make  use  of  the  minutes.  He  was  punc- 
tual himself,  and  demanded  the  same  of  others. 

In  1 87 1,  he  attended  the  meetiat.";  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  at  San  Franclscc,  Cal.,  as  a  Dele- 
gate from  the  Kentucl;y  Stale  Medic-'.l  viociety.  After 
the  sessions  of  the  Association  lie  visited  the  Yosemite 
Valley,  the  Geysers,  the  Big  Trees,  and  other  places 
of  interest  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

As  his  reputation  became  more  extended,  and  his 
high  professional  attainments  more  widely  known,  his 
instruction  was  sought  by  many  young  men  preparing 
to  enter  the  medical  profession.  He  was  the  most 
capable  and  thorough  office-preceptor  I  have  ever 
known.  He  imparted  instruction  to  his  pupils  by 
recitations,  dissections,  demonstrations,  and  oral  in- 
struction ;  and  by  his  own  exemplaiy  conduct  taught 
them  medical  ethics.  He  elicited  the  profound  respect 
and  admiration  of  his  pupils,  and  inspired  them  with 
enthusiasm  in  their  studies.  He  made  knowledge  of 
the  classics,  a  thorough  English  education,  and  ac- 
quired habits  of  study,  indispensable  prerequisites  for 
admission  to  his  office  as  a  pupil. 


z.^' 


York.  In  the 
d  resumed  his 
:  became  quite 
now  came  from 
"ts  of  flic  State, 
,!  other  i'terary 
I  C'ju;ity  Med- 
ivc  f(<  his  ofBce 
responsible  and 
onal  men  who 
r  to  systematize 

He  was  punc- 
)f  others. 
f  the  American 
Cal.,  as  a  Dcle- 

iociety.  After 
;d  the  Yosemite 
id  other  places 

tended,  and  his 

Jcly  known,  his 

men  preparing 

was  the  most 

»r  I  have  ever 

his  pupils  by 

s,  and  oral  in- 

ronduct  taught 

rofound  respect 

ired  them  with 

i  knowledge  of 

cation,  and  ac- 

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ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        28 1 

In  1872,  with  a  view  of  further  perfecting  his 
knowledge  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  to  obtain 
much  needed  rest,  he  visited  Europe,  and  by  means 
of  letters  of  introduction  and  his  gentlemanly  deport- 
ment, he  made  the  acquaintance  of  many  of  the  prom- 
inent teachers  and  practitioners  of  the  Old  World, 
and  by  personal  observation  acquainted  himself  with 
the  most  recent  advances  in  medical  and  surgical 
science.  As  a  Delegate  from  tne  American  Medical 
Association,  he  attended  the  meeting  of  the  British 
Medical  Association  at  Birmingham.  Returning 
home  late  in  the  autumn,  his  time  was  at  once  fully 
occupied  with  general  practice,  consultations  and  sur- 
gical operations. 

Very  soon  after  his  return,  he  undertook  the  trans- 
lation of  Farabcuf's  "Manual  on  the  Ligation  of 
Arteries,"  which  he  accomplished  in  the  most  credit- 
able manner,  and  soon  afterward  the  work  was  issued 
in  the  best  style  of  the  Lippincotts.  He  also  pre- 
pared and  published  an  admirable  sketch  of  the  life  of 
Ephraim  McDowell,  and  urged  upon  the  profession 
the  propriety  of  recognizing,  in  some  suitable  manner, 
his  claims  for  respect  and  honor  as  the  Father  of 
Ovariotomy,  and  contributed  liberally  to  the  measure. 
The  movements  now  in  progress  under  the  auspices 
of  the  American  Medical  Association  and  the  Ken- 
tucky State  Medical  Society,  to  do  honor  to  the 
memory  of  McDowell,  by  the  erection  of  a  monument 
or  the  endowment  of  a  prize,  are  almost  entirely  due 
to  Dr.  Jackson's  foresight  and  labors  in  this  direction. 

In  1873  he  was  invited  to  deliver  the  address  before 
the  Alumni  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  but 


•  -r 


■  1 1 


•  i 


III- 


i-gmil.;-"'T.'riiJ>v.wwJH  >-«:  .t^j^y  ^ft-n  'iw  w,<Hi»i<r  '.n.-n  ,:g,  n 


282 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


the  condition  of  his  health  prevented  his  acceptance. 
While  suffering  from  a  severe  cold,  in  April  of  this 
year  (1873),  he  made  a  post-mortem  examination, 
as  was  frequently  his  custom,  and  received  some 
accidental  scratches  upon  a  finger,  from  which  his 
whole  system  became  infected.  He  suffered  intensely 
with  inflammation  of  the  entire  hand  and  arm,  and 
was  confined  to  his  room  for  some  time  with  high 
febrile  action.  From  this  time  he  never  regained  his 
health.  Beginning  with  laryngitis  and  bronchitis,  the 
morbid  process  involved  the  parenchyma  of  the  lungs, 
and,  after  a  painful  illness,  extending  over  two  years, 
he  finally  succumbed. 

In  June,  1874,  he  attended  the  meeting  of  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association  in  Detroit,  when  the  serious- 
ness of  his  condition  was  so  apparent  as  to  attract  the 
anxious  attention  of  his  friends  in  the  association. 
At  the  urgent  solicitation  of  these  friends,  he  pro- 
ceeded at  once  to  New  York,  and  sought  the  advice 
of  gentlemen  of  eminent  authority  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases. By  their  direction,  he  spent  that  summer  in 
the  North  and  the  winter  following  in  Florida.  In 
April,  1875,  with  strength  somewhat  improved,  but 
with  indubitable  evidence  of  extensive  invasion  of  the 
lungs  by  the  lesions  of  phthisis,  he  returned  from 
Florida  to  his  native  State.  He  reached  Louisville, 
as  was  his  desire,  in  season  to  attend  the  session  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  in  that  city.  But  he 
contracted  on  the  journey  a  severe  cold  which,  super- 
added to  his  other  grave  troubles,  completely  pros- 
trated him.  He  was,  therefore,  confined  to  his  room 
during  the  entire  session  of  the  Association.     But  he 


* 


jiKwwi  »..»wiswa4(y*v  •  ~^i. 


is  acceptance. 
April  of  this 

examination, 
xeived  some 
m  which  his 
-■red  intensely 
and  arm, and 
Tie  with  high 

regained  his 
ironchitis,  the 

of  the  lungs, 
'er  two  years, 

of  the  Amer- 
1  the  serious- 
to  attract  the 
i  association, 
nds,  he  pro- 
ht  the  advice 
ilmonary  dis- 
it  summer  in 

Florida.  In 
nproved.  but 
(^asion  of  the 
iturned  from 
;d  Louisville, 
session  of  the 
:ity.  But  he 
rvhich,  super- 
pletely  pros- 

to  his  room 
ion.     But  he 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION. 


J83 


was  the  recipient  of  the  most  tender  attention  from  his 
numerous  friends;  resolutions  of  sympathy  and  respect 
were  tendered  him  by  the  association,  and  he  was 
elected  its  First  Vice-President  for  the  ensuing  year, 
an  honor  most  worthily  bestowed. 

Returning  to  his  home  at  Danville,  he  received 
every  mark  of  affection  and  esteem  which  loving 
friends  and  a  grateful  community  could  bestow. 
After  a  summer  and  autumn  of  much  suffering,  he 
sank  calmly  and  resignedly  to  rest  in  the  early  winter. 
He  died  on  the  8th  of  December,  1875. 

In  accordance  with  his  request,  he  was  buried  in  a 
simple  and  unostentatious  manner  at  Danville,  the 
place  of  his  birth  and  the  scene  of  his  devoted  labors. 
We  are  informed  that,  with  each  returning  spring,  his 
grave  is  covered  with  floral  tributes,  placed  by  the 
loving  hands  of  those  who  appreciated  his  noble  life 
and  beautiful  character.  Sentiments  of  respect  and 
sorrow  were  embodied  in  appropriate  resolutions  by 
the  medical  societies  which  he  adorned,  and  the  med- 
ical journals,  vvhose  pages  he  had  enriched  by  his 
scholarly  contributions,  paid  high  encomiums  to  his 
character  and  abilities. 

Dying  at  an  age  when  his  influence  was  most  ex- 
tensive and  his  attainments  most  thorough  and  com- 
plete, and  therefore  of  the  greatest  importance  to  the 
community,  we  can  scarcely  estimate  the  loss  which 
they  and  the  profession  in  America  have  sustained. 
One  who  is  generally  conceded  to  stand  in  the  first 
rank  of  the  profession  has  said  of  him:  "Of  noble 
nature  morally,  he  had  more  promise  of  intellectual 
distinction  than  any  young  member  of  our  profession 
with  whom  I  have  come  in  contact." 


N' 


»«**- 


284  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 

■  In  summing  up  the  character  of  Dr.  Jack.son,  he 
must  be  accredited  with  superior  talents,  extensive 
learning  and  practical  knowledge,  towering  ambition, 
untiring  industry,  a  definite  aim  in  life,  undeviating 
fidelity  to  his  profession,  and  in  every  respect  a  pure 
and  elevated  character.  He  was  an  able  thinker,  a 
careful  observer  of  men  and  things,  a  model  general 
practitioner  of  medicine,  and  possessed  of  a  philo- 
sophic mind  capable  of  vast  and  varied  labor. 

As  a  practitioner  of  medicine  he  was  courteous  and 
kind,  and  he  was  eminently  a  charitable  man.  He 
brought  to  the  bedside  of  his  patient  the  most 
advanced  knowledge  of  medicine;  and  with  the  exten- 
sive practical  information  which  he  possessed  and 
used,  with  wonderful  tact  and  aptitude,  with  superior 
judgment  and  clear  ratiocination,  and  with  an  inspiring 
f)resence,  he  exerted  an  influence  for  the  welfare  of  his 
patients  which  is  seldom  equaled. 

He  repeatedly  performed  the  most  important  opera- 
tions in  surgery  \vith  eminent  success ;  as  a  surgeon 
he  was  prompt,  deliberate  and  dexterous.  He  enjoyed 
to  a  wonderful  degree  the  confidence  and  admiration  of 
those  who  came  under  his  professional  care. 

As  a  writer,  he  was  clear,  concise,  and  elegant.  No 
dne  can  read  his  essays  without  being  struck  with  the 
extent  of  his  information,  and  his  intimate  acquaint- 
ance with  the  classics  as  well  as  medical  literature. 

In  his  relations  with  his  fellow-practitioners  he  was 
obliging,  generous  and  ethical.  So  far  as  can  be 
learned  unethical  conduct  was  never  imputed  to  him, 
and  his  high  honor  and  integrity  were  conceded  both 
by  his  rivals  rnd  his  enemies,  if  he  had  any  of  the 
latter. 


# 


i''»"Uj>- 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


j85 


[ackson,  he 
1,  extensive 
g  ambition, 
undeviating 
pect  a  pure 
;  thinker,  a 
del  general 
of  a  philo- 
lor. 

urteous  and 
man.  He 
:  the  most 
1  the  cxten- 
isessed  and 
ith  superior 
an  inspiring 
elfare  of  his 

rtant  opera- 
3  a  surgeon 
He  enjoyed 
Imiration  of 
re. 

ilegant.    No 
ck  with  the 
;e  acquaint' 
terature. 
ners  he  was 

as  can  be 
jted  to  him, 
iceded  both 

any  of  the 


His  influence  was  ever  used  for  the  advancement  of 
honorable  medicine,  and  it  was  his  constant  purpose 
to  elevate  his  calling  in  the  estimation  of  the  public. 
He  respected  his  avocation,  and  during  his  career 
never  neglected  an  opportunity  to  indicate,  both  by 
precept  and  example,  that  a  beneficent  calling  such  as 
the  healing  art  should  be  regarded  by  the  public 
otherwise  than  as  a  trade.  In  short,  he  respected, 
honored  and  adorned  his  profession. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Boyle  County 
Medical  Society,  and  of  the  Central  Kentucky  Medical 
Association ;  a  member  of  the  Kentucky  State  Medical 
Society,  and  of  the  American  Medical  Association; 
a  corresponding  member  of  the  Ob.stetrical  Society  of 
Louisville ;  a  member  of  the  Gyniecological  Society 
of  Boston;  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society,  and  of  the  British  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. 

The  following  are  some  of  his  contributions  to  med- 
ical literature; 

"Rhigolene."  Western  Journal  of  Medicine.  Kepublislied  in 
Journal  of  Piiarmacy,  Philadelpiua,  i866. 

"  Trichiniasis,"  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  Janu- 
ary, 1867,  p.  82. 

"  Epistaxis."     Western  Journal  of  Medicine. 

"  The  Inoculabiliiy  and  Transmissibility  of  Tuberculosis."  Trans- 
actions Kentucky  State  Medical  Society,  186S. 

"A  Case  of  Varicella,  with  some  commentaries  on  the  Identity  of 
Varicella  and  Variola."  Richmond  and  Lousville  Medical  Journal, 
vol.  vii.,   1869,  p.  20. 

"A  Case  of  Tetanus  treated  with  Calabar  Bean— Death."     Jbid. 

vol.  viii.,  p.  260. 

"  Gunshot-Wound  of  Bladder  and  Rectum— Recovery  of  patient 
under  remarkable  circumstances."  American  Journal  of  the  Medical 
Sciences,  January,  1869,  p.  281. 


fc! 


ti 


286 


niOORAPlUCAL  SKETCHES. 


"  The  niack  Arts  in  Medicine."  Cincinnati.  Robert  Clarke  & 
Co.     1870. 

"  Lessons  from  tlie  Mfilical  Clinic  at  the  Ilopital  ile  la  Chnriti," 
given  by  S.  Jaccoviil— translation.  II>id.,\o\.  ix.,  1870,  p.  197.  The 
same  continued  in  vols,  ix.,  x.,  xi.,  xii.  and  xiii. 

"Loose  Cartilages  in  the  Knee-joint  and  the  Operation  for  their 
Removal,"  with  a  case.     Cincinnati  Lancet  and  (>!)server,  vol.  xiv  , 

1871. 
Medical  Office  Pupilage.    Transactions  of  Kentucky  Stale  Medical 

Society,  1871. 

"Agoraphobia."     Clinic,  Cincinnati,  1872,  referred   to  in  several 

European  journals. 

"  Critiqne  on  Lister's  Germ  Theory,  and  the  use  of  Carbolic  Acid  as 
an  Antiseptic  in  Surgery."  Richmond  and  Louisville  Medical  Jour, 
nal,  vol  xiii.,  1872. 

"  Hygiene."     Transactions  Kentucky  State  Medical  Society,  1872. 

"  Biographical  Sketch  of  Ephraim  McDowell."  Richmond  and 
Louisville  Medical  Journal,  1873. 

«'  Bloodletting."     Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

"  Ligature  of  Arteries,"  by  Dr.  L.  H.  Farabeuf— translation.  Phil- 
adelphia.    J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.     1874. 

"Tracheotomy  in  Diphtheria  and  Croup,"  with  two  cases.  Rich- 
mond and  Louisville  Medical  Journal,  vol.  xvii.,  1874. 

"In  the  death  of  Dr.  Jackson,"  says  one  of  his 
biographers,  "  science  has  lost  a  devoted  follower,  the 
medical  profession  an  earnest  laborer,  society  a  valued 
member,  and  the  State  in  which  he  lived  one  of  its 
most  useful  citizens." 

JANES,  HENRY,  M.  D..  of  Waterbury,  Washing- 
ton Co.,  Vt.,  was  born  in  that  place,  January  24,  1832. 
He  is  the  son  of  Hon.  Henry  F.  Janes,  who  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  1834  to  1837,  and  State 
Trea.surer  of  Vermont  from  1838  to  1 841.  His 
grandfather  on  his  mother's  side  was  Hon.  Ezra 
Butler,  the  second  settler  of  Waterbury,  a  member  of 
Congress  from   18 13  to   181 5,  and  Governor  of  the 


)berl  Clarke  &  . 

lie  la  Chnrild," 
D,  p.  197.    The 

ration   for  their 
ierver,  vol.  xiv  , 

y  Stale  Medical 

1   to  in  several 

Carbolic  Acid  as 
e  Medical  Juur> 

il  Society,  1872. 
Richmond   and 

nd  Surgery, 
anslation.    Phil- 

o  cases.    Rich- 
'4- 

one  of  his 
follower,  the 
iety  a  valued 
ed  one  of  its 


;ry,  Washing- 
lary  24,  1832. 
I,  who  was  a 
37,  and  State 
1841.  His 
1  Hon.  Ezra 
a  member  of 
'ernor  of  the 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        287 

State  in  18^6-28.     The  Doctor  received  his  academi- 
cal  education   at  Morrisville   and   at  St.  Johnsbury 
Academics,  and  other  educational  institutes  m    the 
State.     His  medical  studies  were  commenced  in  1852, 
at  Waterbury,  under  the  guidance  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Wood- 
ward.   He  attended  his  first  course  of  medical  lectures 
at  Woodstock  College,  in  1852.  and  two  courses  sub- 
sequently at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
in  New  York,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.  in   1855. 
The    same    year    he    was    appointed  Assistant,   and, 
afterward.   House    Physician   in    Bellevue    Hospital, 
New  York  City.     In   1856  he  went  into  practice  at 
Chelsea,  Mass.     The  following  year  he   returned  to 
Waterbury,  where  he  soon  acquired  a  good  profes- 
sional  business.    In  1861  he  entered  the  army,  as  a  Sur- 
geon of  the  Third  Regiment  Vermont  Volunteers,  with 
which  he  served  until  1 863,  when  he  resigned,  to  accept 
the  commission  of  Surgeon,  United  States  Army.     In 
1865  he  was  breveted  Lieutenant-Colbnel.  The  greater 
part  of  his  military  service  was  spent  in  hospital  duty. 
In  the  fall  of  1862,  he  was  in  charge  of  a  hospital  at 
Burkettsville,  and,   the   following   winter,  at   Frede- 
rick, Md  ;  in  the  spring  of  1863,  of  the  hospitals  ot  the 
Sixth  Army  Corps;  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1863, 
of  the  army  hospitals  in  and  about  Gettysburg,  Pa., 
including  the  Letterman  General  Hospital,  in  whicl- 
were  placed  about  two  thousand  of  the  most  severely 
wounded,  collected  from  the  Gettysburg  battle-field, 
with  a  view  of  studying  the  statistical  results  of  treat- 
ment of  fracture  and  amputations.     In  the  winter  and 
spring  of  1 864,  of  South  Street  General  Hospital,  Phil- 
adelphia; in  the  summer  of  1864,  in  charge  of  the  hos- 


II  ir Til  III    t 


288 


BIOGRAPiriCAL  SKETCHES. 


pital-steamcr  SMc  of  Maine ;  in  the  fall  of  1864  and 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  in  char^/c  of  Sloan  General 
Hospital,  at  Montpelier,  Vt.     I  le  left  the  army  in  1 866, 
and,  after  spending  the  remainder  of  the  year  in  New 
York,  making  a  special  study  of  injuries  to  the  bones 
and  brain,  lie  returned,  in   1867,  to  Waterbury,  where 
he  has  been  actively  engageil  in   practice  until  the 
present  time,  excepting  the  year    1874,3  portion  of 
which  he  spent  in  traveling  in  Europe.     His  practice 
is  large  in  the  treatment  of  nervous  diseases,  in  sur- 
gery, and  consultations  with  neighboring  physicians. 
In  1869  and  1870  he  published,  in  Mie  Transactions  of 
Vermont  Medical  Society,  a  paper  on  the  treatment  of 
gunshot-fracture,  especially  of  the  femur.     In   1871, 
1872  and   1873,  he  published  papers  on  some  of  the 
incidents  following  amputations;   in  1874,  on  ampu- 
tations at  the  knee-joint.     In   1877,  he  wrote  a  paper 
on  Spinal  Hemiplegia.     I  le  is  a  member  of  the  Wash- 
ington County  Medical  Society,  and  of  the  American 
Medical  Association ;  of  the  Vermont  State  Medical 
Society,   of  which  he   was    President  in    1870,   and 
which  he  represented  at  the  meetings  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association  in   i860,  1866  and   1 871;  of 
the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society. 

JOHNSON,  JOHN  BATES,  M.  D..  of  St.  Louis. 
Mo.,  was  born  at  Fair  Haven,  Bristol  Co.,  Mass.^ 
April  26,  18 17.  His  father  was  a  shipping-merchant, 
a  native  of  Skein,  Norway,  who  came  to  America  from 
Amsterdam,  Holland,  in  1799,  and  settled  in  Massa- 
chusetts.    He  continued  in  the  foreign  shipping  busi- 


■it-g-i  iummiii  wmmbU^^ 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


189 


of  1 864  and 
can  General 
my  in  1866, 
'car  in  New 
to  the  bones 
bury,  wlicre 
:c  until  the 
I  portion  of 
[lis  practice 
ases,  in  sur- 

physicians. 
nsactions  of 
treatment  of 
.  In  1871, 
ome  of  tlie 
,  on  ampu- 
otc  a  paper 
f  the  Wash- 
e  American 
ite  Medical 

1870,  and 
the  Ameri- 
d  1871;  of 
n  honorary 
•ciety. 

'  St.  Louis, 
'o.^  Mass., 
;-mercliant, 
lerica  from 
in  Massa- 
pping  busi- 


ness until  1832,  when  he  became  largely  interested  in 
the  manufacture  of  cotton.  The  Doctor's  mother  was 
the  daughter  of  Captain  Hates,  an  officer  of  the  Revo- 
lution, and  served  under  the  immediate  command  of 
General  Lafayette,  whose  friendship  and  confidence  he 
enjoyed  to  the  day  of  his  death. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  entered  the  Fair  Haven 
Academy  at  the  age  of  ten  years,  having  previ- 
ously been  well  prepared  by  a  private  tutor.  Among 
his  teachers  in  this  institution  was  the  celebrated  law- 
yer and  poet,  Albert  Pike.  He  also  spent  one  year  at 
the  Friends'  Academy  in  New  Bedford,  and  had  here 
as  one  of  his  teachers  Dr.  Henry  Lee,  who  afterwards 
became  Bishop  of  Iowa.  Having  through  these  ad- 
vantages been  well  prepared  to  engage  in  the  higher 
branches  of  a  University  education,  when  about  to 
enter  Harvard  his  plans  were  disarranged  by  the  sud- 
den death  of  his  father. 

Being  the  oldest  son,  he  was  naturally  looked  to  by 
the  family  as  a  protector.  The  ill-health  of  his  mother, 
too,  required  his  presence  at  home.  But  he  did  not 
give  up  his  books  or  abandon  his  purpose  to  study  med- 
icine, to  which  end  he  had  for  some  time  been  direct- 
ing his  attention.  In  1835,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  he 
entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Lymon  Bartlett,  of  New  Bed- 
ford, and  after  one  year's  reading,  attended  a  course 
of  lectures  at  the  Berkshire  Medical  College.  The 
following  year  he  attended  lectures  at  a  private  medi- 
cal school  in  Boston,  conducted  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Warren, 
George  Haywood,  and  others.  In  1837-38  he  entered 
Harvard.  At  the  close  of  the  lectures  he  was  ap- 
pointed House  Surgeon  to  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 


t' 


.J 


^'i 


% 


■if- 


>ty.p»><]W*iw<ii»wn 


290 


niOGRAPUICAI.   SKKTCIIKS. 


ural   Hospital,  where  he  remained  one  year,  when  he 
graduated  at  Harvard. 

In  1839  he  returned  to  New  licdfnrd,  and  took  the 
practice  of  liis  first  preceptor,  Dr.  Hartlett,  who  was 
on  the  eve  of  starting  on  a  trip  to  luirope.  After  the 
return  of  Dr.  H.,  in  the  fall  of  1840,  Dr.  Johnson 
concluded  to  make  an  extended  tour  through  the 
Western  and  Southern  States.  Returning  to  Mas- 
sachusetts in  the  spring  of  1841,  after  a  trip  of  sev- 
eral months,  he  resolved  to  remove  to  the  city  of 
St.  Louis,  where  he  opjned  an  office,  and  has  up  to 
this  time  enjoyed  a  large,  n;sponsible  and  lucrative 
general  practice. 

His  business  of  late  years  has  been  quite  extensive 
in  diseases  of  the  heart  and  lungs.  Patients  are  con- 
stantly coming  to  him  from  the  adjoining  and  adjacent 
States  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Kansas,  and  the 
upper  Missouri,  and  he  is  frequently  called  in  consul- 
tation from  distances  of  twenty-five  to  two  hundred 
and  fifty  miles.  So  assiduously  has  he  applied  him- 
.self  to  the  duties  of  his  profession  as  teacher  and  phy- 
sician that  he  has  scarcely  taken  a  vacation  in  the 
thirty-six  years  he  has  resided  in  St.  Louis. 

Although  actively  employed  at  all  times,  the  epi- 
demics of  cholera  of  1849,  1850,  and  1 851,  and  those 
of  1866  and  1867,  threw  upon  him  special  and  extra- 
ordinary labors,  as  did  also  the  more  recent  epidemic 
of  small-pox.  The  Doctor  possesses  a  well-stored, 
active  mind,  and  keeps  himself  fully  informed  of  all 
the  improvements  in  diagnosis  as  well  as  in  practice, 
and  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  medical 
organizations.      He   commenced   early  to   write,  for 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MKDICAI,   ASSOCIATION.         29 1 


',  when  he 

(1  took  the 
t,  who  wns 

After  the 
r.  Johnson 
roiigli  the 
tf  to  Mas- 
rip  of  sev- 
,hc  city  of 

has  up  to 
J  lucrative 

L'  extensive 
Its  are  con- 
nd  adjacent 
IS,  and  the 
1  in  consul- 
'o  hundred 
pphcd  him- 
:r  and  phy- 
tion  in  the 
i. 

es,  the  cpi- 
,  and  those 
1  and  cxtra- 
nt  epidemic 
well-stored, 
med  of  all 
in  practice, 
in  medical 
•   write,  for 


while  at  the  hospital  in  Hoston  in  1839  he  contributed 
several  articles  to  the  Bostint  Midicul  mid  Surgical 
jfoiirnal  on  endosmosis  and  exosmosis  in  relation  to 
disease.  He  was  an  associate  editor  of  the  Missouri 
Medical  Journal  in  1847,  and  has  published  several 
articles  on  malarial  fever  at  different  ilates  from  1S47 
to  1 85 1.  An  able  paper  by  him  on  "  I'liysi^al  Diag- 
nosis," may  be  found  in  the  January  number  of  1852. 
lie  has  also  contributed  articles  to  the  State  Medical 
Society,  and  delivered  special  addresses  to  the  class 
in  College,  some  of  which  have  been  published. 

Dr.  Johnson  was  elected  in  1843  Adjunct  Professor 
of  Clinical  Medicine  and  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the 
Missouri  Medical  College.  He  held  this  position  for 
three  years,  when  he  was  elected  full  Professor,  which 
chair  he  filled  with  ability  and  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  faculty  and  to  increasing  classes  until  1853,  when 
he  resigned.  In  1854  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Clinical  Medicine  and  Pathology  in  the  St.  Louis  Med- 
ical College.  After  the  death  of  Professor  Linton,  he 
was  induced  to  take  the  chair  of  Theory  and  Practice, 
which  he  still  holds,  and  is  now  the  oldest  active 
teacher  of  medicine  in  the  State  of  Missouri. 

Settling  in  St.  Louis,  he  identified  himself  with  the 
medical  organizations  of  the  city  and  of  the  State  of 
Missouri.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Missouri  Medical  So- 
ciety, and  was  its  President  in  1852  ;  its  Vice-President 
in  1867,  and  again  in  1869;  of  the  St.  Louis  Medi- 
cal Society,  and  of  the  St.  Louis  Medico-Chirurgi- 
cal  Society;  of  the  Pathological  Society  of  Boston, 
and  other  medical  organizations,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Boylston  Prize  Association,  and  was 


19^ 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


its  Secretary  in  1839,  and  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society,  ar('  of  other  learned  and  scientific 
bodies.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the  Massachusetts  Medi- 
cal Society  in  1840.  lie  became  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  in  1847,  was  First  Vice- 
President  in  1850,  and  in  consequence  of  the  illness 
of  the  President,  Dr.  R.  D.  Mussy,  acted  as  President 
most  of  the  time. 

He  is  a  ready  and  a  pleasant  speaker,  speedily  gain- 
ing and  closely  holding  the  attention  of  his  hearers. 
The  students  are  particularly  attached  to  the  Doctor. 
He  was  in  185 1  united  in  marriage  to  Nancy  Raphael, 
oldest  daughter  of  the  Hon.  James  H.  Lucas,  of  St. 
Louis.  They  have  ten  children  living,  having  lost 
one  son  by  cholera  in  1 866,  so  that  they  have  as  yet 
nearly  an  unbroken  domestic  circle.  A  more  charm- 
ing home  than  that  of  Dr.  Johnson  can  scarcely  be 
conceived.  Possessing  an  ample  fortune,  surrounded 
by  all  the  comforts  o'"  life,  a  devoted  wife  and  a 
troop  of  healthy,  joyous  children,  completes  a  scene 
of  perfect  domestic  happiness.  It  was  my  great  plea- 
sure to  meet  them  all  at  a  family  Sunday  dinner  in 
1873.  The  Doctor  was  accompanied  on  his  trip  to 
California  by  his  son  James.  After  the  adjournment 
of  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association 
they  visited  the  Yosemite  Valley,  the  Calaveras  Big 
Trees,  the  Geysers,  and  other  places  of  interest  on  the 
Pacific  Coast.  Dr.  Johnson  possesses  a  great  fund  of 
anecdote,  and  is  at  the  same  time  a  good  conversation- 
alist; he  was  the  life  of  every  circle  in  which  he  was 
thrown.  On  account  of  his  splendid  physique  and 
many  other  desirable  qualities,  he  was  elected  Com- 


%^„ 


■  ik^ 


fornia  State 
iiid  scientific 
usetts  Medi- 
mber  of  the 
is  First  Vice- 
>f  the  illness 
as  President 

peedily  gain- 
his  hearers, 
the  Doctor, 
icy  Raphael, 
.ucas,  of  St. 
having   lost 
have  as  yet 
nore  charm- 
scarcely  be 
surrounded 
wife   and   a 
les  a  scene 
r  great  plea- 
\y  dinner  in 
his  trip  to 
idjournment 
Association 
ilaveras  Big 
erest  on  the 
rreat  fund  of 
onversation- 
liich  he  was 
lysique  and 
ected  Com- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   nSsOCIATIGN.        293 

mander  of  the  cavalcade  from  Hodgens  into  the  Yo- 
scmitc  valley.  His  great  size  (6  ft.  4  inches),  and 
weight  (250  pounds)  made  it  important  to  select  for 
him  a  strong  and  powerful  horse.  The  one  assigned 
him  was  the  somewhat  unruly,  but  splendid  traveler, 
"  Mona,"  which  he  managed  with  such  skill  as  to  win 
the  admiration  of  the  whole  company.  The  trip  was 
a  delightful  one,  both  to  the  Doctor  and  his  son,  and 
made  without  accident,  and  with  but  one  regret,  that 
Mrs.  Johnson  was  not  with  them.  This  lady  under- 
took the  journey  in  their  company,  but  separation 
from  her  children  was  unbearable,  and  she  abandoned 
the  trip  at  Kansas  City  and  returned  home. 

JONES,  ANDREW  BARRY.  M.  D.,  of  Ports- 
mouth, was  born  at  Hillsborough,  Highland  Co., Ohio, 
April  30,  1829;  died  suddenly  of  rheumatism  of  the 
heart,  at  his  residence,  October  15,  1876.  His  pre- 
liminary and  academical  education  was  obtained  at 
the  schools  of  his  native  place.  He  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  Cleve- 
land Medical  College,  where  he  graduated  March  6, 
1850.  In  April  of  the  same  year  he  settled  to  practice 
at  Jacksonville,  Adams  County,  O.,  where  he  remained 
for  two  years.  In  1851  he  married  Maria  Jane  Dun- 
bar. He  leaves  no  children.  In  1852  he  removed  to 
Portsmouth,  Sciota  County,  where  he  was  fully  em- 
ployed in  a  responsible  practice  to  the  time  of  his 
death.  His  love  of  anatomy  and  proficiency  in  that 
branch  led  him  to  prefer  surgery,  in  which  he  deserved 
and  acquired  a  high  reputation.  His  engagements  in 
this  branch  extended  far  beyond  the  confines  of  an 


'i 


294 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES, 


ordinary  practice,  he  being  frequently  called  in  consul- 
tation into  other  States.  Though  well  qualified  as  a 
writer,  an  over-busy  life  precluded  the  exercise  of  his 
powers  in  this  direction.  He  was  appointed  a  trustee 
of  the  South-eastern  Insane  Asylum  of  Ohio.  He  was 
a  member  and  for  years  the  President  of  the  Sciota 
County  Medical  Society;  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical 
Society,  and  its  President  in  1872;  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society. 

KANE,  EDWARD,  M.  D.,  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  was 
born  in  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  17,  1801  ;  died 
at  Detroit,    Mich.,  January  21,   1875.     He    received 
a  good  academic  education  in  Vermont,  to  which  State 
his  parents  had  removed.     His  medical  studies  were 
thorough,  and  he  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the 
University  of  Vermont  in  1825.     The  same  year   he 
commenced   to   practice   in    Peru,   Clinton    Co.,   N. 
Y.,  and   after  three   years  removed  to    Plattsburgh, 
where  he  was  extensively  engaged  in  practice  until 
1856,  when  he  removed  to  Detroit.     In  1852  he  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine in  the  University  of  Vermont.     This  position  he 
held  for  six  years.     He  occupied  the  position  of  asso- 
ciate editor  and  then  that  of  editor  of  the  Medical  In- 
dependent, published  at  Detroit  in  1856-58.    This  posi- 
tion enabled  him  to  exhibit  to  his  professional  brethren 
some  of  the  stores  of  rare  knowledge  he  possessed. 
He  was   a  gentleman   of  the  old  school,  .scholarly, 
engaging,  upright,  and  courteous  in  his  intercourse 
with  his   brother  physicians  and  the  world,  and  was 
particularly  affable  and  sympathetic  in  the  sick-     jm. 


>WIW  j>aAW(r<NliM<*i>Miipi|iifWiijW  W  Wwwjjiwwt^^ 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         295 


ed  in  consul- 
qualified  as  a 
cercise  of  his 
ited  a  trustee 
liio.  He  was 
)f  the  Sciota 
tate  Medical 
an  honorary 
Society. 

t,  Mich.,  was 
,  1801  ;  died 
He  received 
)  which  State 
studies  were 
M.  D.  at  the 
me  year  he 
:on  Co.,  N. 
Plattsburgh, 
ractico  until 
1852  he  was 
cc  of  Medi- 

position  he 
tion  of  asso- 
Mcdical  In- 
Thisposi- 
tial  brethren 
:  possessed. 
,  .scholarly, 

intercourse 
Id,  and  was 
:  sick-     jm. 


After  his  demise  the  medical  men  of  Detroit  held  a 
public  meeting  at  the  Mayor's  office,  and  passed  a 
series  of  resolutions  e.Kpressivc  of  their  appreciation 
of  his  abilities  as  a  physician,  and  regretting  the  loss 
su.stained  by  the  profession  and  the  public.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Detroit  Academy  of  Medicine ;  of  the 
Wayne  County  Medical  Society,  and  of  the  Michigan 
State  Medical  Society,  and  an  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society.  Although  he 
had  arrived  at  the  age  of  seventy,  he  nevertheless  was 
vigorous  in  body  and  youthful  in  feelings,  enjoyed 
the  trip  and  his  sojourn  in  California,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  cheerful  and  entertaining  companions  of  the 
party. 

KING,  GEORGE  ANDREW,  M.D.,  of  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  was  born  at  Danville,  in  Montour  County,  April 
6,  1843.  Until  old  enough  to  enter  the  Lancaster 
Academy,  he  attended  the  district  schools.  His  aca- 
demic course  was  concluded  in  Franklin  and  Marshall 
College.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Henry  Car- 
penter in  Lancaster,  and  attended  lectures  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  where  he 
graduated.  In  1864  he  commenced  practice  in  Lan- 
caster, where  he  has  continued  to  reside,  and  is  now 
actively  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his  profession.  As 
an  evidence  of  his  standing  in  the  county,  and  with 
the  profession  of  Lancaster,  it  may  be  mentioned  that 
he  was  one  of  the  physicians  called  to  attend  Ex- 
President  Buchanan  in  his  last  illness.  He  was  also 
called  as  one  of  the  physicians  in  attendance  on  Hon. 
Thaddeus  Stevens  when  in  Lancaster.     He  is  one  of 


Mi 


296 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


: 


the  Physicians  to  the  Lancaster  County  Hospital  and 
Almshouse,  and  Coroner's  Physician  for  the  city  and 
county.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lancaster  City  and 
County  Medical  Society,  and  for  a  number  of  years 
has  been  its  Secretary,  and  represented  it  at  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association  in  1 871.  He  attended  the 
meeting  in  California  under  most  agreeable  circum- 
stances, it  being  his  wedding-trip.  His  bride  was  a 
beautiful  blonde,  tall,  graceful  and  accomplished,  who 
by  her  pleasant  manner,  cheerfulness  and  sparkling 
wit,  added  much  to  the  general  enjoyment.  They 
visited  when  in  California  most  of  the  places  of  in- 
terest, and  called  upon  lirigham  Young  at  Salt  Lake 
City.  The  Doctor  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  Cal- 
ifornia State  Medical  Society. 

KING,  JAMES,  M.  D.,  of  Pittsburgh,  was  born  in 
Bedford  Co.,  Pa.,  January  18,  1816.  His  father,  John 
King,  was  the  pioneer  iron-manufacturer  in  that 
county  and  a  successful  business  man,  and  procured 
for  his  children  a  good  education.  The  Doctor  was 
early  sent  to  the  Bedford  Classical  and  Mathematical 
Academy,  then  under  the  direction  of  Rev.  B.  R.  Hall, 
His  medical  studies  were  pursued  with  Dr.  Benjamin 
W.  Dudley,  the  eminent  lithotomist,  in  Lexington,  Ky. 
He  graduated  from  the  Transylvania  University  in  1838. 
Shortly  after  he  began  to  practice  in  Hollidaysburg, 
Pa.,  but  in  1844  he  was  induced  to  remove  to  Wash- 
ington, Pa.,  and  was  elected  Professor  of  Anatomy, 
Physiology  and  Hygiene  in  the  Washington  College. 
He  also  enjoyed  an  extensive  practice;  but  desiring  a 
larger  field,  in  1850  he  removed  to  the  city  of  Pitts- 


jspital  and 
le  city  and 
T  City  and 
r  of  years 
the  Amer- 
tcnded  the 
le  circum- 
ride  was  a 
ished,  who 
sparkling 
:nt.  They 
ices  of  in- 
Salt  Lake 
of  the  Cal- 


ls born  in 
■ther,  John 
r  in  that 
'.  procured 
)octor  was 
thematical 
B.  R.  Hall, 

Benjamin 
iigton,  Ky. 
ityin  1838. 
idaysburg, 

to  Wash- 
Anatomy, 
n  College, 
desiring  a 
y'  of  Pitts- 


Jifei-^'tfiSW^ 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        297 

burgh,  where  he  has  been  since  actively  engaged  in  the 
duties  of  his  profession.     On  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  of  the  rebellion,  he  entered  the  military  service  as 
Surgeon.    He  was  successively  Surgeon  at  Camp  Cur- 
tin,  Division  Surgeon  of  the  State,  and  Medical  Di- 
rector of    the   Pennsylvania   Reserves.      After  their 
muster  into  the  United    States    service,  he  was  with 
them  until  after  the  battle  of  Antietam,  and  was  a  par- 
ticipant in  all  the  battles  in  which  the  Reserves  took 
a  part.     At  the  request  of  Governor  Curtin  he  was 
mustered  out  of  the  United  States  service,  to  take  the 
position  of  Surgeon-General  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania.    This  honorable  position  he  filled  acceptably 
and  with  ability  until  August  l.  1864,  when  he  resigned 
and  returned  to  private  practice.      His  duties  while 
Surgeon-General  were  arduous  and  responsible,  he 
being  charged  by  the  executive  with  the  selection  ot 
the  principal  medical  officers  sent  by  the  State  to  care 
for  the  valiant  forces  in  the  field.     The  conscientious 
and  able  manner  in  which  he  performed  his  duties 
commanded  the  admiration  of  the  medical  profession, 
and  also  of  the  executive  officers  of  the  State  and 
General  Government.     The  Surgeon-General  of  Ohio, 
in  making  his  report,  complimented  Dr.  King  by  draft- 
ing it  after  his   model.     He   is  a  man   of  scholarly 
tastes  and  fine  classical  attainments,  and  has  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  is  extensively 
known  beyond  the  confines  of  his  own  State.     He  is 
a  member  of  the  Allegheny  County  Medical  Society; 
of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society,  and  was 
its  President  in  1866;  of  the  American  Madical  Asso- 
ciation, and  attended  the  meeting  at  San  Francisco  in 


■is 


298 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


1871  ;  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society.  The  Doctor  is  a  good  observer;  and 
it  is  to  be  regretted  that  he  has  not  written  more  for 
the  benefit  of  the  profession.  His  report  as  Surgeon- 
General,  and  his  addresses  on  various  occasions  before 
medical  societies  and  the  Academy  of  Science,  and 
some  articles  to  medical  journals,  comprise  about  all 
he  has  contributed  to  the  literature  of  his  profession. 
Although  these  are  but  few,  they  mark  him  as  a  man 
of  ability,  from  whom  we  would  like  to  receive  more. 
Dr.  King  is  united  in  marriage  to  Anne  L.  Russell, 
of  Bedford,  Pa.  They  have  two  children  living,  both 
daughters. 

KNIGHT,  HENRY  MARTYN,  M.  D.,  of  Lake- 
ville.  Conn.,  was  born  at  Stafford,  Tolland  Co.,  August 
II,  1827.  His  father  was  a  clergyman,  who  secured 
the  best  education  his  means  justified  for  his  sons,  at 
Williston  Seminary,  East  Hampton,  Mass.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  F. 
Minor,  now  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  with  Dr.  Alvan 
Smith,  of  Monson,  Mass.  After  attending  the  usual 
courses  of  lectures,  he  received  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
from  the  Berkshire  Medical  College,  In  February, 
1850,  he  opened  an  office  and  commenced  practice  at 
Stafford  Springs,  Conn.  The  following  November  he 
removed  to  Lakeville,  Conn.  In  1 861  he  was  ap- 
pointed Superintendent  of  the  Connecticut  School  for 
Imbeciles,  a  position  in  which  he  still  labors  with  zeal 
and  success.  He  publishes  annual  reports  on  the 
condition  of  the  inmates  and  the  results  of  education 
among  them.    In  1872  he  published  a  paper  in  the 


-'^  ;r'MM«K!9«3»»d»"igM«RiM4MI|HIKBiMN 


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"ornia  State 
server;  and 
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s  Surgeon- 
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L.  Russell, 
iving,  both 


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The  sub- 
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Dr.  Alvan 
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ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         2f.O 

Transactions  of  the  Connecticut  State  Medical  Society, 
on  the  "Hallucinations  of  Childhood."  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Connecticut  State  Medical  Society;  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  New  England  Psychological  Society, 
the  N.  Y.  State  Medical  Society,  and  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.  In  October,  1 850,  he  married 
Mary  Fitch  Phelps.  They  have  two  sons — Robert  P. 
and  George  H.  The  Doctor  is  a  man  of  extensive 
general  information,  an  agreeable  companion,  and  en- 
joyed his  trip  to  California. 

KNOX,  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS,  M.  D.,  of  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  was  born  in  Lenoir  County,  N.  C,  August 
8,  1832.  His  father,  Reuben  Knox,  M.  D.,  was  a 
prominent  physician  at  Kinston,  in  that  State,  who, 
in  1837,  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he 
soon  ranked  among  the  ablest  in  his  profession,  and 
became  a  very  prominent  and  influential  citizen. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  graduated  at  the  Illinois 
College,  at  Jacksonville,  about  1852,  with  high 
honors,  taking  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.  He 
then  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and,  after  at- 
tending the  usual  courses  of  lectures  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  graduated  M.  D. 
in  1854.  He  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Rock  Island,  111.,  and  was  quite  successful; 
and  subsequently  at  Virden,  111.  At  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war,  while  residing  at  the  latter  place,  he  was 
commissioned  by  the  Governor,  First  Assistant  Sur- 
geon of  the  Ninth  Illinois  Cavalry,  in  which  position 
he  served  with  credit  until   1862,  when  he  was  pro- 


NH 


300 


niOORAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


moted  to  the  grade  of  Surgeon  of  the  One  Hundred 
and  Tvvcnty-secontl  Infantry.  In  recognition  of  his 
services  and  abihty  in  his  profession,  in  1866  he  was 
appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  of  the 
United  States  oncoftlic  I'ension  Surgeons  in  Chicago, 
to  which  city  he  had  removed  and  was  engaged  in  a 
large  and  hicrative  practice.  Dr.  Knox  was  elected 
President  of  the  Board  of  Pension  Surgeons,  and  filled 
the  position  with  so  much  credit  that,  upon  his  res- 
ignation in  1872,  he  was  the  recipient  of  a  most  flat- 
tering letter  from  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  ac- 
knowledging the  painstaking  and  faithful  manner  he 
had  performed  this  important  duty,  and  regretting  his 
resignation.  In  1 871  he  was  sent  as  a  Delegate  from 
the  Chicago  Medical  Society  to  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  at  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
At  its  close,  he  visited  many  places  of  interest  on  the 
Pacific  slope,  and  returning  stopped  for  a  day  at  Salt 
Lake  City.  In  1855  the  Doctor  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Georgiana  E.  Heaton,  daughter  of  Dr.  O. 
B.  Heaton,  a  prominent  and  well  known  physician  of 
central  Illinois.  They  have  no  children  living.  For 
several  years  he  has  entirely  relinquished  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine.  His  home  is  in  Chicago,  but  he 
spends  much  of  his  time,  with  his  wife,  who  is  an 
invalid,  in  traveling.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Chicago 
Medical  Society,  the  American  Medical  Association^ 
the  Illinois  State  Medical  Society,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society. 

LANGDON,  OLIVER  MONROE,  M.  D.,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  was  born  near  Columbia,  one   of  the 


jiiii—m— «■» 


e  Hundred 
lion  of  his 
?66  he  was 
lor  of  the 
n  Chicago, 
gaged  in  a 
vas  elected 
s,  and  filled 
Dn  his  res- 
i  most  flat- 
insions,  ac- 
manncr  he 
petting  his 
legate  from 
ting  of  the 
ncisco,  Cal. 
rest  on  the 
day  at  Salt 
ed  in  mar- 
of  Dr.  O. 
hysician  of 
ving.  For 
I  the  prac- 
go,  but  he 
who  is  an 
he  Chicago 
Association^ 
1  honorary 
:iety. 

D.,  of  Cin- 
one   of  the 


iiimiii wifwaiMifi  > 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


301 


suburbs  of  Cincinnati,  February  2,  18 17.     Me  is  the 
son  of  Oliver  Langdon,  D.  D.  and  M.  D.,  who  about 
1800  settled  in  Hamilton  County,  and  bought  a  sec- 
tion of  land  which  extended  from  Mt.  Lookout  to  the 
city  limits.     His  mother  was   the  daughter   of  Col. 
William  Brown,   a   soldier  of  the   Rc\')lution,  who 
settled  near  Cincinnati,  as  early  as  1789.     The  subject 
of  this  sketch  lost  by  death  both  his  parents,  at  about 
the  age  of  twelve.     He  then  went  to  live  with  a  cousin 
in   Cincinnati,  and  attended    a  private  school,  there 
then  being  no  public  schools.     In  1831  he  entered  the 
now  widely  known  Woodward  High  School,  where  he 
continued  until  the  appearance  of  cholera  in   1832, 
which  suspended  studies,  when  he  spent  some  weeks 
at  the    old    homestead.     On    the   subsidence    of  the 
epidemic,  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  entered  as  a 
student  of  the  Athcneum,  now  St.  Xavier's  College. 
While  a  member  of  the  family  of  his  cousin,  he  did 
service  sufficient  to  defray  his  expenses.     Concluding 
a  course  of  two   years  at   the    Atheneum,  he    com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  in  the  office  of  Professor 
Cobb,  of  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio.     He  attended 
lectures    in    this    institute,   and   graduated    in    1838. 
Then  he  formed  a  partnership  and  commenced  practice 
in  the  town  of  Madison,  Ind.,  where  he  resided  until 
1842,  when  he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  opened  an 
office.    Shortly  afterward,  he  was  appointed  physician 
to  one  of  the  wards  of  the  city.     This  position  he 
filled   acceptably   to    the  community   and    the   city 
authorities,  until  the  beginning  of  the  Mexican  war, 
when  he  was  appointed  Surgeon  of  the  Fourth  Ohio 
Regiment,  under  command  of  Colonel  Brough,     He 


11 


-t—-™ 


302 


niOCKAPinCAL  SKETCIfES. 


served  throughout  the  campaign  and  returned  with 
his  regiment,  at  the  close  of  the  war,   in   1848.     A 
partnership  in  practice  was  formed  between  liim  and 
Dr.  Jesse  Judkins ;   this  association  continued   until 
1859.     About  1830  lie  was  appointed  Physician  to  the 
House  of  Refuge,  and,  afterwards.  Physician  to  the 
Lunatic  Asylum  at  Lick  Run ;  both  of  these  he  filled 
until  1856.     In  1859  Dr.  Langdon  was  appointed  Su- 
perintendent and  Physician  to  the  Longview  Asylum, 
then  just  completed.     On  removing  to  this  institution, 
he  gave  up  his  city  practice.     This  position  he  held 
with  credit  and  ability  until  1870,  when,  on  account  of 
failing  health,  he  retired.     He  is  possessed  of  a  culti- 
vated mind  and  enjoys  large  wealth,  and  has  during 
late  years  devoted  himself  to   the  encouragement  of 
benevolent  and   reformatory  measures,  and   of  later 
years  has  traveled  extensively.     He  was  one  of  the 
originators   and  is  still  one  of  the   Trustees   of  the 
Miami   Medical  College.     He    was    instrumental    in 
having  the  lunatics  removed  from  the  old  Commercial 
Hospital  to  the  buildings  provided  at  Lick  Run,  which 
eventually  resulted    in    the   building   of    Longview. 
Fortunately  for  the   good   of  the  institute,   he   was 
chosen  to  organize  and  then  to  manage  this  institu- 
tion, which,  while  it  is  a  monument  to  the  Doctor,  is 
at  the  same  time  an  honor  to  the  profession,  the  age 
and  the  country.     The  Doctor  also  took  a  leading  part 
in  the  measures  which  led  to  the  establishment  of  an 
asylum  for  the  colored  insane,  which  is  now  a  depart- 
ment of  Longview,  and  to  which  now  all  this  class  of 
patients  throughout  the  State  are  sent  for  treatment. 
He  has  been  an  active  worker  in  nearly  all  the  med- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        303 


iirnecl  with 
1848.  A 
:n  liini  and 
nucd  until 
cian  to  the 
ian  to  the 
ic  he  filled 
•ointed  Su- 
w  Asylum, 
institution, 
on  he  held 
account  of 
of  a  culti- 
has  during 
igement  of 
d  of  later 
one  of  the 
;es  of  the 
imental  in 
Commercial 
ilun,  which 
Longview. 
e,  he  was 
his  institu- 
Doctor,  is 
>n,  the  age 
ading  part 
nent  of  an 
/  a  depart- 
lis  class  of 
treatment, 
the  med- 


ical organizations,  both  State  and  National.     His  pro- 
fessional   life   brought    him    much    in    relation    with 
philanthropists  and  leading  physicians  and  reformers 
of  his  day,  and  most  creditably  has  he  sustained  an 
honorable    position    among    them.     The    Doctor    is 
scarcely  known  as  a  writer,  but  this  is  more  through 
want  of  time   than  of  ability.     He   contributed  two 
papers  to   Professor  Drake,  which  are    incorporated 
in  his  first  volume.     These,  with  his  eleven  reports 
as  Superintendent  of  Longview  Asylum,   constitute 
his  more    important  literary   productions.     He   is   a 
member  of  the   Cincinnati  Medical  Society;   of  the 
Cincinnati    Medical  and  Chirurgical  Society;   of  the 
Ohio  State  Medical  Society;  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  and  has  been  since  1850;  of  the  American 
Medical  and  Psychological  Association ;  of  the  Asso- 
ciation of  Superintendents  of  Hospitals  for  the  Insane 
of  the  United  States,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the 
California  State  Medical  Society. 

LONG,  ALFRED  JEROME,  M.  D.,  of  White  Hall, 
N.  Y.,  was  born  at  Rutland,  Vt,  August  5,  1824.  His 
father  and  mother  are  natives  of  that  State,  and  are 
still  living,  at  the  ages  of  eighty-six  and  eighty-five 
respectively.  Until  the  age  of  nineteen,  the  subject  of 
this  notice  remained  on  his  father's  farm,  and  then 
was  sent  to  Castleton  Seminary  during  summer,  and 
taught  school  in  winter.  In  1847  he  entered  Middle 
bury  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  185 1. 
While  still  attending  college,  in  1849,  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Henry  R.  Jones,  of 
New  Haven,  Vt.     During  the  fall  and  winter  of  185 1, 


|Q||  niOGRAPIIICAL  SKETCHES. 

ho  tau<jht  at  the  Hi^'h  School  in  Hridport,  and,  in  the 
spring  and  summer  of    1852,  was   principal   of  the 
Gcori^ia  Academy,  Vt.     In    1852  he  attended  the  fall 
course  of  medical   lectures  at  the   Castleton    Medical 
College.     He  attended  his  second  course  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  New  York,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.  in  the    * 
spring  of  1 85 3.     July  28th  of  this  year,  he  opened  an 
office  at  White  Hall.  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
gradually  acquired  a  good  practice,  which  he  still  enjoys. 
In  all  the  years  of  his  professional  labors,  he  has  never 
taken  rest,  save  that  gained  in  attending  the  meetings 
of  the  local,  State  and   National  Medical  Societies. 
He  was  Superintendent  of  the  Public  Schools  in  1856; 
Justice  of  the  Peace  from  1857  to  1863  ;  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  luUication  from   1866  to   1875;  Town 
Physician  in   1862  and    1863;   Health  Officer  of  the 
Port  of  White  Hall,  1866  and  1867.     He  is  a  member 
of  the  Washington  County  Medical  Society,  and  was 
its  President  in  1869-70,  and  its  delegate  to  the  New 
York  State  Medical  Society  from  1867  to  1871.     He 
was  President  of  the  Union  Medical  Association  of 
Washington,  Warren  and  Saratoga  Counties  in  1 876. 
He  was  a  Delegate  from  the  State  Medical  Society  to 
the  American  Medical  Association  in   1 871,  and  at- 
tended the  meeting  at  San  Francisco.     He  is  also  an 
honorary  member  of  the    California  State    Medical 
Society.    The  Doctor  is  a  man  possessing  rare  powers 
for  original  observations,  with  native  wit  and  an  inex- 
haustible  fund   of  anecdote,  and,  therefore,   a   most 
agreeable  and  entertaining  companion.     His  notes  of 
observations  and  incidents  of  his  trip  to  the  Pacific 
are  deserving  of  publication.     It  is  to  be  regretted 


'■'riiiim— m— I 


in»«iin»imi'[iininiin»i 


KOCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION-  305 

that  they  cannot  be  introiliic^  1  into  thi  .    sketch.     In 
1.S69  Dr   Lon^'  made  an  aiKlres^  before  the  Washing- 
ton  County   Medical  Society,  on   the  necessity   and 
advantage  of  more  fre(iuent  meetings  o(  the  body, 
which  he  was  requested  to  furnish  for  luibhcation.    In 
1870.  before  the  same  bod)',  lie  read  a  paper  on   the 
>•  Claims  Modern  Life  imposes  upon  the  Profession.'' 
His  time  is  so  fully  occupied  that  he  has  never  found 
time  to  prepare  for  the  press  some  admirable  addresses, 
notwithstanding  he  has  been  recpiested  to  do  so  by  a 
vote  of  the  Society.     I  le  is  a  clear  thinker  and  a  per- 
picuous  and  forcible  speaker,  and  ought  not  to  hesi- 
tate to  appear  as  an  author.     In  December,  1855,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Susan  1<  leanor,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Coulson,  of  Albany,  N.  Y.     They  have  four 
children  living-Mary  Jane,  the  wife  of  Ur  11.  C.  Sen- 
tor,  Charles  Jared,  Benjamin  Alfred  and  Clymer  Barr. 

MASON,  DARIUS,  M.  D.,  of  Prairie  du  Chien, 
Wis    was  born  in  Swansea,  Bristol  Co.,  Mass.,  April 
1st  1830.    He  is  the  youngest  son  of  OIney  and  Lilhs 
(Pierce)  Mason.    He  attended  the  public  schools  until 
fifteen  years  of  age,  and  then  attended  the  Friend.s' 
Academy  at  New  Bedford,  for  four  years.     He  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Lyman  Bart- 
lett  of  New  Bedford,  in  1850;  attended  his  first  course 
of  lectures  at  Harvard  College  in  1850-5 1.   The  next 
two  years  he  spent  under  the  tutorship  of  Drs.  Willard 
Parker  and  Robert  Watts  in  New  York,  and  attended 
two  courses  of  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  in  that  city,  graduating  M.  D..  m  1853. 
The  spring  of  this  year  he  took  a  position  at  the  Nur- 


sXm 


3o6 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


sery  Hospital  on  Randall's  Island,  New  York  Harbor. 
In  1856,  he  commenced  practice  in  Prairie  du  Cliien, 
Wis.,  where  he  has  remained,  enjoying  a  large  general 
practice  in  medicine  and  surgery.  During  the  war  he 
served  eighteen  months  as  Surgeon  of  the  Thirty-first 
Regiment  of  Wisconsin  Vol.  Infantry.  The  Doctor 
has  contributed  a  few  good  articles  to  the  medical 
journals.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  State 
Medical  Society,  and  was  its  Vice  President  in  1872; 
a  Censor  of  the  same  from  1873  to  1876,  and  elected 
its  President  in  1877;  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  and  attended  the  meeting  at  San 
Francisco  in  1871 ;  an  honorary  member  of  the  Cali- 
fornia State  Medical  Society,  and  of  the  North  Iowa 
Medical  Society. 

Dr.  Mason  is  united  in  marriage  to  Adelaide,  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Lieut.  Charles  Brishois. 


McARTHUR,  ALONZO  LINCOLN,  M.  D.,  of 
Rockford,  111.,  was  born  in  Washington  Co..  N.  Y.,  Oc- 
tober 19,  1822.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  a  native  of 
Scotland, and  his  mother  of  English  parentage  of  noble 
descent.  His  preparatory  education  was  at  the  public 
schools,  until  he  entered  Wilson  Collegiate  Institute  in 
Western  New  York.  Having  read  medicine  and  at- 
tended three  courses  of  lectures  at  the  Rush  Medical 
College,  he  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  in  1850.  In 
the  spring  of  the  sams  year  he  commenced  practice  in 
the  city  of  Joilet,  III.,  where  he  was  actively  engaged 
until  1866,  when  he  removed  to  the  city  of  Rockford, 
in  Winnebago  Co.,  where  he  now  resides  and  enjoys  a 
good  practice.    The  Doctor  was  ambitious  for  a  thor- 


''jaiai  .iSES-" 


k  Harbor, 
du  Cliien, 
ye  general 
:he  war  he 
^hirty-first 
lie  Doctor 
e  medical 
isin  State 
t  in  1872; 
nd  elected 
American 
ing  at  San 
the  Cali- 
orth  Iowa 

le,  daugh- 


M.  D.,  of 
N.  Y.,Oc- 
i  native  of 
;e  of  noble 
the  public 
nstitute  in 
ne  and  at- 
li  Medical 
I  1850.  In 
iractice  in 
'  engaged 
Rockford, 
1  enjoys  a 
"or  a  thor- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 

ou^h  knowledge  of  his  profession,  and  during  the  win- 
ter°of  185 1,  returned  to  his  Alma  Mater,  and  agam  at- 
tended 1  cturcs,  .turning  in  the  spring  to  busmess. 
The  winter  of  1852-53.  1-  spent  in  Ph;^adelph>a  a  - 
tending  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
His  devotion  to  study  and  his  exact  knowledge  of 
anatomy  and  familiarity  with  pathology  brought  to 
ht  a'Irgeand  profitable  surgical  practice,  so  that  for 
y  Trs  his   professional   business   yielded    hmj  about 
TscSo  per  annum.     The  same  qualities  wh.ch  made 
him  the  good  student  made  him  a  close  reasoner  a 
forcible  and  ready  writer,  and  a  fluent  and  agreeable 
public  speaker.     He  has  contributed  a   <^on^derable 
number  of  papers  to  the  medical  journals  and  to  the 
Transactions  of  ;he  Illinois  State  Medical  Society,  of 
which  he  has  been  Secretary  and  Vice  President      He 
was  for  some  time  one  of  the  Professors  m  the  JVIed  cal 
Department  of  the  Lind  University,  afterwards  called 
the  Chicago  Medical  College.     During  the  war  he  was 
appointed  by  the  Governor  one  of  the  Med.cal  Exam- 
iners    The  duties  of  this  Board  were  to  exam  me  ap- 
plicants for  the  position  of  Surgeon  and  Assistant  Sur- 
geon of  the  regiments  of  the  Illinois  troops-a  highly 
responsible  and  important  service.    He  is  a  member  o 
the  Joilet  Medical  Society;  of  the  Rockford  Medical 
Association ;  of  the  American  Medical  Association. and 
in  the  summer  of  1 871  was  made  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society.     He  has  been  for 
years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education.  Director  of 
Public  Libraries,  etc.    In  1 854.  he  was  united  in  marri- 
age to  Mary  K.,  daughter  of  Hon.  James  Curtis  Mayor 
of  Chicago.   They  have  six  children  living,  five  daugh- 


'WiiTVrtH;r-).ri-iHiiiiiiV«Tti~fl)ifii<nliii- 


308 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


ters  and  one  son.  The  Doctor's  wife  accompanied  him 
to  California,  and  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Medical 
Convention  they  visited  the  Yosemite  Valley,  the  Big 
Trees,  the  Geyser;  and  other  noted  localities  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  spent  a  few  days  at  Salt  I^ke  City, 
en  route. 

McCLANAHAN,  JOHN  PORTER,  M.  D.,  of 
Alexis,  Warren  Co.,  111.,  was  born  at  West  Union, 
Adams  Co.,  Ohio,  November  5,  183 1.  His  father  was 
a  man  of  influence,  and  was  elected  a  number  of  times 
to  the  Legislature;  served  as  a  private  soldier  in  the 
war  of  1 81 2,  and,  again,  as  a  Captain  in  the  Eighty- 
Third  Regiment  of  Illinois  Volunteers  in  the  war  be- 
tween the  States,  dying  February  21,  1863,  of  wounds 
received  at  Fort  Donelson  on  the  3d.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  received  his  education  at  the  public 
schools,  at  Ripley,  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  and  at  the 
Academy  at  North  Liberty,  in  Adams  County.  He 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Alexander 
Dunlap,  of  Ripley.  In  the  spring  of  185 1,  and  after 
three  years'  office  study,  he  attended  a  course  of  lec- 
tures at  Western  Reserve  Medical  College,  at  Cleve- 
land. His  second  course  of  lectures  was  attended  at 
the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  where  he 
graduated  M.  D.  in  1854.  In  April  of  this  year,  he  com- 
menced practice  in  Ashland,  Greenup  Co.,  Ky.,  where 
he  resided  two  years,  removing  to  Norwood,  Mercer 
Co.,  111.,  in  May,  1856,  where  he  had  a  fair  practice.  In 
May,  1862,  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Surgeon  to  the 
Eighty-Third  Regiment  of  Illinois  Volunteers,  and 
served  till  1864,  when,  from  ill  health,  he  was  com- 


tmi>mm!mmmmmtm}immMJmimiimmmMm 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         309 

nellcd  to  resign  and  return  home,  and   resumed  his 
old  practice  at  Norwood.     In  1872,  desirous  of  better 
railroad  facilities,  he  removed  a  few  miles  into  the  ad- 
joining  town  of  Alexis,  where   he   has   since   been 
actively  engaged  in  general  practice.     The  Doctor  as- 
sisted in  the  organization  of  the  Mercer  County  Med  - 
cal  Association,  and  was  for  some  time  'ts     res.den  ; 
was  also  active  in  consolidating  the  latter  with  the  Mil- 
itary Tract  Medical  Society,  in  which  organization  he 
was  Vice-President.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Warren 
County  Medical  Society  ;  of  the  Illinois  State  Medical 
Society  •   of  the    Illinois  State  Temperance    Reform 
Association,  and  its  President;  of  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  Cali- 
fornia State  Medical  Society.     He  is  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Margaret  Jane  Jones;  they  have  three  ch.l- 
drm.     His  oldest  son-Harry  M.-is  studying  medi- 
cine. 

McDOWFXL,  WILLIAM  JEFFERSON.M.D.. of 
Portsmouth,  Ohio,  was  born  in  that  place,  Sept.  14, 
1 82 1     His  ancestors  were  practical,  well-educated,  and 
thrifty      His  grandfather,  Dr.  William  McDowell,  after 
one  course  of  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, received  the  certificate  of  Drs.  Rush  and  Phy- 
sick  vouching   for  his  ability  to  practice  medicine, 
which  he  pursued  with  reputation  for  over  fifty  years. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  academic  edu- 
cation at  Augusta  Literary  College,  Kentucky.     He 
pursued  his  medical  studies  with  Drs.  G.  S.  B.  Hemp- 
stead and  James  M.  Shackleford,  attended  one  course 
of  lectures  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1842-43,  and  gradu- 


3IO 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


ated  after  attending  a  winter  course  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  in  1845.  He  commenced  practice  in 
Portsmouth,  in  May  of  the  same  year,  and  has  been 
fully  occupied  with  professional  business,  which  he 
enjoys  to  the  present  day.  Dr.  McDowell  is  a  mem- 
ber of  theSciota  County  Medical  Society,  of  the  Ohio 
State  Medical  Society,  and  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  and  has  been  since  1867;  and  an  honor- 
ary member  of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  California. 
In  1863,  he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  Ohio, 
an  Examining  Surgeon  for  the  volunteers  of  the  State. 
Dr.  Hempstead  is  the  only  physician  now  living  in 
Portsmouth  who  resided  there  when  he  commenced 
practice  in  1845.  The  Doctor  enjoyed  his  trip  to 
California,  visiting  Salt  Lake  City  en  route,  and  many 
of  the  notable  places  in  California.  He  has  never 
married,  but  has  a  troop  of  warm  personal  friends,  the 
result  of  a  life  guided  by  Christian  duty,  professional 
liberality,  and  benevolence.     Dr.  McDowell  says: 

"  Of  the  number  of  physicians  who  have  practiced 
medicine  in  Portsmouth  since  my  connection  with  the 
profession,  twenty-four  have  died,  a  few  here,  but  most 
of  them  after  leaving  our  place.  This  fact  impresses 
me  that  practicing  medicine  is  not  conducive  to  long 
life,  especially  when  town  and  country  practice  are 
combined." 


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McFARLAND,  JOHN  ALEXANDER,  M.  D.,  of 
Tiffin  City,  Ohio,  was  born  at  Waynesboro,  Franklin 
Co.,  Penna.,  June  10,  1811.  His  father,  John  McFar- 
land  and  mother,  Ann  McKeon,  were  from  the  north 
of  Ireland.    They  were  well  educated,  prudent,  and 


mmmismmmiimBm** 


.mmi^ 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         3" 

thrifty  people,  raising  six  sons  to  man's  estate  one 
becoming  a  Bishop  (of  Hartford.  Conn.),  two  phys- 
icians, and  three  farmers.     The  father  is  sa.d  to  have 
had  a  remarkable  memory,  being  able  to  repeat  every 
part  of  the  Bible  from  Genesis  to  Revelations.     H.s 
mother  was  a  woman  of  rare  sound  judgnjent,  exem- 
plified in  domestic  and  Christian  duty.     The  subjec 
of  this  sketch,  after  going  through  the  courses   augh 
i,v  the  village  schools,  was  sent  to  the  Academy  taught 
by  Thomas  J.  Harris,  in  Chambersburg,  Penna.     One 
of  his  teachers  was  Mr.  James  Clark,  a  graduate  of 
West  Point,  now  a  Priest  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  and 
President  of  Gonzaga  College,  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia.    After  leaving  the  Academy  he  engaged  for 
several  years  in  teaching  school  in  Waynesboro.    He 
then  commenced  the   study   of  medicine,  and  after 
attending  the  usual  courses  of  lectures  at  Jefferson 
MedicarCoUege.  Philadelphia,  received  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  in  1837-     I"  May  of  this  year  he  opened  an 
office  in  Tiffin,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided,  and 
has  been  fully  employed  in  the  duties  of  his  professi^n^ 
Althouch  the  Doctor  is  entirely  competent  to  have 
tlibuted  much  to  medical  literature  he  has  thus 
far  put  on  record  but  a  couple  of  articles  written  for 
the  medical  journals.     In  1868.  he  Pf -^ed  '"  the 
Cincinnati  Lancet  and  Obseroc,  an  article  "On the  Use 
of  Ice  and  Ice-Water  in  Croup."  giving  cases  in  which 
he  had  used  them,  dating  back  to  1843.  ^o..o.yic- 
Farland  is  a  member  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society. 
an^wasoneofitsVice  Presidents  in  1857 )  ofthe  A.er. 
can  Medical  Association,  and  has  been  since  1857.    In 
?854,  and  for  several  subsequent  years,  he  was  President 


•!  'I 


I: 


■mmm 


3T2 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


of  the  Seneca  County  Medical  Society.  lie  represented 
this  body  in  the  National  Medical  Convention  at  San 
Francisco,  1871.  He  is  an  honorary  member  of  the 
California  State  Medical  Society.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Ann  E.  Stalcy,  daughter  of  Dr.  Henry  S, 
Staley.  of  Frederick,  Md.  She  departed  this  life.  May 
30,  1870.  They  have  five  children  living— William 
R.,  Euna,  Mary  A.,  Edith  A.,  and  Louisa.  Though 
forty  years  of  assiduous  labor  in  a  malarial  region, 
have  made  serious  inroads  upon  his  health,  yet  the 
Doctor's  time  is  still  occupied  in  the  active  duties  of 
professional  life.  While  in  California  he  visited  many 
localities  of  interest  to  strangers,  and  stopped  for  a  day 
at  Salt  Lake  City.  He  is  an  agreeable  conversation- 
alist, full  of  reminiscences,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
he  will  yet  be  induced  to  give  the  profession  a  volume 
from  his  rich  storehouse,  garnered  from  a  long  life  of 
experience  and  intelligent  observation  and  practice. 

MEARS,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  M.  D..  of 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  was  born  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  June 
27,  1803.  He  is  the  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth 
Mears,  who  were  early  settlers  at  Catawissa,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Susquehanna,  where  his  father  engaged 
in  merchandising.  Here  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
received  his  education,  at  the  common  schools  and 
from  private  tutors.  The  classics  and  higher  branches 
were  studied  under  the  then  celebrated  teacher,  Ellis 
Hughes.  His  medical  studies  were  commenced  in 
Catawissa,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  E.  Daniels,  a 
well  educated  physician  from  Massachusetts.  In  the 
winter  of  1824-25,  he  attended  his  first  course  of  lec- 


^mmmmmmmmmm 


0^'mtmm 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        3I3 


presented 
on  at  San 
ber  of  the 

united  in 
Henry  S. 

life,  May 

—William 

Though 

il  region, 

I,  yet  the 

duties  of 
ted  many 
1  for  a  day 
I'ersation- 
3ped  that 

a  volume 
mg  life  of 
ractice. 

M.  D..  of 
Pa.,  June 
Elizabeth 
a,  on  the 
■  engaged 
is  sketch 
lools  and 
branches 
her,  Ellis 
enced  in 
)aniels,  a 
.  In  the 
se  of  lec- 


tures at  Yale  College,  New  Haven,  Conn.     His  second 
course  was  at  Philadelphia,  in  1825-26,  as  a  member 
of  the  first  class  of  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  then 
just  organized.     He  also  attended  a  second  course  in 
this  college,  and  graduated  M.  D.  in  the  spring  of 
1827,  with  Drs.  Gross,  Luzenberg,  Knapp,  Mcintosh, 
Pelham,  and   others,  who    have    since    distinguished 
themselves    as   teachers,   writers     and    practitioners. 
While  yet  a  student,  he  was  elected   Resident  Physi- 
cian of  the  Children's  Asylum,  corner  of  Fifth  and 
Plum  .streets,  Southwark.     The  City  Guardians  to  the 
Poor  had  over  two  hundred  children,  under  six  years 
of  age,  cared  for  in  this  establishment;  the  clinical 
advantages  were,  therefore,  of  the  first  order,  as  the 
institution  was  attended  by  eminent  physicians,  such 
as    Condie,  Nancrede,  Coates,  and   others   of  equal 
ability.     On  the  conclusion  of  his  term  in  the  asylum, 
Dr.   Mears   opened  an  office   in  Vine  street,  below 
Third,  where  he  practiced  with  success  for  two  years, 
and  then  removed  to  Vinccnnes,  Ind.,  where  he  soon 
acquired  a  good  business.     On  the  23d  of  November, 
1833,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Caroline  Sidney, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel   Ewing,  Esq.,  of  Indiana.     In 
the  spring  of  1834,  he  was  induced  to  remove  to  the 
capital   of   the   State— Indianapolis— where    he  .still 
resides,  engaged  in  teaching,  and  in  the  active  duties 
of  the  profession.     In   1849   he  was   tendered,  and 
accepted   the   chair   of   Obstetrics   and   Diseases   of 
Women  and  Children  in  the  Central  Medical  College 
of  Indiana,  organized    by   the  Trustees   of  Asbury 
University.     This  new  institution  at  first  met  with  fair 
success,  but,  from  the  intermeddling  of  the  Trustees, 


•-rf 


ii4 


niOGRAl'HICAL   SKETCHES. 


lectures  were   discontinued  after  three  years.      The 
Medical  Society  of  Indiana,  in   1869,  recognizing  the 
need  of  an  institution  for  medical   instruction  at  the 
capital  of  the  State,  encouraged   the  founding  of  a 
medical   college,  which  has  been  successfully  organ- 
ized at  Indianapolis,  under  the  name  of  the  "Indiana 
Medical  College."      In   this    the   Doctor  was  again 
elected  to  the  chair  of  Obstetrics,  and  has  lectured  to 
seven  annual  classes,  varying  in  number  from  fifty  to 
one  hundred  and  thirty  students.     Although  not  a 
frequent  contributor,  he   has  written  some  excellent 
articles   for  the    medical    journals    and    for  societies, 
notably  his    paper  on  "Unavoidable  H.-cmorrhage," 
published  in  the  State  Medical  Society's  Transactions 
for    1868.     He  was,  during  its  existence,  an  active 
member  of  the  Indianapolis  Academy  of  Medicine. 
He   is   a   member   of  the    Marion   County   Medical 
Society ;  of  the  Indiana  State  Medical  Society,  and 
served   as   its  President  in    1853;  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  and  has  been  since  1850,  and  an 
honorary  member   of  the   California   State    Medical 
Society.     His  wife  accompanied    him  to  California, 
to   attend   the   meeting  in   San   Francisco   in    187 1. 
He  has  long  served  as  Examining  Physician  for  Pen- 
sions, and  is  President  of  the  Board  for  his  district. 
The  Doctor  has  three  children — one  daughter  and 
two  sons.     One  of  his  sons — Dr.  James  Ewing  Mears 
— is  a  rising  physician  in  Philadelphia. 

MENDENHALL,  GEORGE,  M.  D.,  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  was  born  at  Sharon,  Beaver  Co.,  Pa.,  May  5, 
1814,  and  died  at  Cincinnati,  June  4,  1874.     He  was 


•'••««tS»«!»«l»^**??*li<«i  ■-•-  "■Ss-.yV  Vt^^mhiWS'lSh'  frMl  *iiA'-  «ar<i«l.*4**!«»!,.**.<'»»«*-^\  4*ii*-;*(SS*ilffi#S6^^8-'* 


rs.      The 
izing  the 
an  at  the 
ling  of  a 
lly  organ- 
"  Indiana 
vas  again 
cturcd  to 
ni  fifty  to 
gh  not  a 
excellent 
societies, 
jorrhage," 
insactions 
an  active 
Medicine. 
'    Medical 
•ciety,  and 
American 
;o,  and  an 
:    Medical 
California, 
in    1871. 
n  for  Pen- 
is district, 
ghter  and 
ing  R^ears 


Cincinnati, 
I.,  May  5, 
,     He  was 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        315 

the  fourth  son  of  Aaron  and  Lydia  Richardson  Men- 
dcnhall,  members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  His 
first  paternal  ancestors  in  America  were  present  and 
took  a  prominent  part  with  William  Penn  in  his  "Kim 
Tree  Treaty"  with  the  Indians,  at  Kensington,  in 
November,  i6iS2. 

The  parents  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  while  he 
was  quite  young,  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  Fairfield, 
Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  where  he  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the  neighborhood,  and  received  such 
education  as  they  and  the  flunily  library  afforded.  His 
parents,  who  had  themselves  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, were  earnest  advocates  of  learning. 

The  doctor  was  from  youth  of  a  delicate  constitu- 
tion, and  had  in  consequence  to  give  up  mercantile 
pursuits,  in  which  for  a  short  time  he  was  engaged. 
His  taste  for  the  study  of  medicine  was  mainly  devel- 
oped while  attending  a  store  in  which  drugs  were  sold. 
Desirous  for  a  knowledge  of  their  character,  mode  of 
administration,  etc.,  he  was  induced  to  read  something 
in  reference  to  them. 

Having  sufficiently  mastered  Latin  under  a  private 
tutor,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr. 
Benjamin  Stanton,  of  Salem,  Ohio,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained  two  years  and  a  half  He  attended  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1835.  His  thesis  was  "On  the  Remedial 
Effects  of  Cold  Water."  After  graduating  he  was  ap- 
pointed, and  served  during  the  winter  of  1837,  as 
Resident  Physician  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  Re- 
turning west,  he  opened  an  office  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  then 
a  city  having  a  population  of  5,000  inhabitants,  where 


3i6 


DIOCKAPIIICAL  SKETCHES. 


he  continued  to  practice  with  success  until  1843,  when, 
owing  to  impaired  health,  he  removed  to  Cincinnati. 

In  1838,  Dr.  Mendenhall  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Klizabeth  S.  Maule,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  formerly 
of  Richmond,  Va.,  who,  with  three  children,  survives 
him.  During  the  Doctor's  residence  in  Cleveland,  he 
was  three  times  elected  to  the  Municipal  Council,  and 
while  serving  in  that  capacity  was  called  upon  to  offi- 
cially announce  his  life-long  principles  of  temperance 
and  to  cast  the  deciding  ballot  in  opposition  to  grant- 
ing license  for  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors,  tlureby 
preventing  the  licensing  of  any  liquor-storeduri  \g  his 
term.  Soon  after  settling  in  Cincinnati  he,  witii  Drs. 
Vattier,  Chamberlin,  Warder,  and  Williams,  con«lucted 
the  City  Dispensary,  and  gave  a  great  deal  of  his  time 
to  this  admirable  public  charity.  This  period  of  his 
life  was  marked  by  great  mental  activity  and  in- 
dustry, and  to  him  is  due  much  of  the  credit  for  the 
conception  and  inauguration  of  measures  that  led 
to  the  organization  of  a  Sumn.i  /  School  of  Med- 
icine, with  which  he  was  connected  for  several 
years.  During  the  cholera  epidemic  of  1849,  there 
was  much  sickness,  and  a  great  deal  of  labor  devolved 
upon  him  in  connection  with  the  Public  Dispensary. 
He  ever  took  an  active  part  in  every  enterprise 
public  measure  which  had  fcr  its  object  the  relief  of 
human  suffering. 

On  the  organization  of  the  Miami  Medical  College, 
in  1852,  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Obstetrics  and 
and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children.  Subsequently 
this  college  was  consolidated  with  the  Ohio  Medical 
College,  the  Doctor  retaining  his  favorite  chair.     For 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MKPICAL   ASSOCIATION.        3»7 

a  number  of  years  he  was  attached  to  the  Staff  of  the 
Commercial  Hospital,  an  institution  in  which  he  had 
much  professional  pride. 

Dr.  M.  had  a  profound  conviction  of  the  ability  and 
duty  of  the  physician  to  prevent  and  cure  disease.   I  le 
was  a  man  of  courteous  manners,  sympathetic  dispo- 
sition and  exceedingly  affable  and  encouraging  in  the 
sick-room.     One  of  the  fine  traits  in  his  character  was 
promptness  in  fulfilling  any  engagement.    1  le  de.spised 
procrastination,  and  by  some  of  his  professional  breth- 
ren he  was   called  the  "Minute  Doctor."     He  was 
attentive  to  all  the  smallest  requirements  of  profes- 
sional duty,  and  laborious  as  a  student.     In   1847.  he 
published  an  admirably  arranged  and  condensed  Stu- 
dents'  Vade    Mecum,  which   in     1877    had   passed 
through  twelve  editions. 

In  1858  he  made  a  report  to  the  American  Medical 
Association  on  the  "  Epidemics  of  Ohio."  which  is 
published  in  the  Transactions  of  the  association  of 
that  year     In  1865  he  delivered  the  opening  address 
of  the  sixth  session  of  Miami    Medical  College  in 
which  institution  he  was  Dean,  which  was  published 
by  the  class.     He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Med- 
ical Observer  (afterward  the  Western  Lamet\  and  one 
of  the  editors  from   1856  to  1858.     In  1870  he  was 
President  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and 
delivered  an  able  and  well-considered  address.     He 
was  a  member  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine  of  Cmcin- 
nati;  of  the   Ohio   State   Medical   Society;   of  the 
American  Medical   Association    from   1850,  and   an 
honorary  member  of  the   California  State   Medical 
Society.     He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Dental  Col- 


3'« 


niOr.RAPHICAL  SKETCHRS. 


Ic^jc  of  Cincinnati,  having  accepted  a  chair  in  it  when 
friendrt  were  few  and  much  needed. 

His  wife  and  youngest  son  accompanied  him  on  the 
trip  to  California.  They  protracted  tlieir  visit,  so  as 
to  leisurely  examine  all  the  places  of  interest  on 
their  way;  in  company  with  other  members  of  the 
party,  they  stopped  at  Salt  Lake  City.  The  Doc- 
tor's health  seemed  to  have  been  much  improved 
from  this  trip.  However,  in  1872,  he  was  admon- 
ished by  his  medical  friends  of  the  necessity  of  relax- 
ation, and  for  this  purpose  he  visited  Europe  with 
his  family,  and,  for  a  time,  supposed  himself  quite 
restored  to  health.  While  there,  he  was  made  an 
Honorary  Commissioner  to  the  Vienna  Exposition, 
and,  during  his  sojourn  in  England,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Obstetrical  Society. 

During  the  war,  he  took  an  active  part  in  endeavor- 
ing to  relieve  wounded  soldiers,  and  gave  his  assist- 
ance and  attendance  to  soldiers'  families  gratuitously. 
Voluntarily,  three  different  times  he  went  from  Cin- 
cinnati on  the  Covernment  gunboats,  to  attend  the 
sick  and  wounded  on  the  battle-fields,  sacrificing  his 
extensive  practice.  Although  exempt  from  military 
service,  he  furnished  five  substitutes  for  the  army. 

Upon  his  return  to  America  in  1873,  while  riding  in 
his  carriage  on  the  24th  of  August,  visiting  his  patients, 
he  was  attacked  with  paralysis.  From  this  seizure  he 
never  fully  recovered,  and,  after  lingering  for  ten 
months,  finally  sank  to  his  grave,  honored  by  his  pro- 
fessional brethren  and  beloved  by  thousands  through- 
out the  city,  to  whom  he  had  often  administered 
relief,  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night,  for  a  third  of 
a  century. 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MEPICAL   ASSOCIATION.         3 '9 

The  attendance  :it  his  n.ncr.il  obsequies  was  one  of 
the  larL'cst  cvn  known  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  the  daily 
,,r,ss  of  that  date  notices  were  very  extensive  and 
appreciative  of  his  eminence  as  a  physician  and  the 
loss  the  public  had  sustained  by  his  death. 

MOORK.  KDWAUl)  HUCKNAM.  M.D..  of  Bos- 
ton.  Mass..  was  born    in   Lancaster.  N.  11..  June    12. 
,80.;  died  suddenly,  of  angina  pectoris,  in  Chelsea, 
Mass.,  September    16,    1874.     The  ancestors  of  Dr 
Moore  trace  their  descent  on  the  paternal  side  .rom 
Colonel  Jonathan  Moore,  a  Hritish  officer,  who  is  be- 
licved  to  have  been  of  Scotch  ori^nn.     H'«/^vord  is 
preserved  as  an  heirloom  in  the  family  of  C.  k.  Moore, 
of  I'arsonfiold,  Me.     The  Colonel  had  two  sons.  Jona- 
than  and  William   1st.     William  had  four  sons.  W.l- 
liam  2d.  Coffin,  Harvey,  and  Peter.     These  tour  came 
to  America  long  before  the  Revolution  at  what  pre- 
cise date  is  not  known,  and  settled  in  New  1-  nyland. 
The  descendants  of  these  are  n.nv  .-.catterod  through- 
out the  United  States.     William  2d  married  a  sister 
of  Col.  Peter  Gilman.  of  Stratham.  N.  H..  by  whom 
he  had  five  sons,  among  whom  was  William  3d,  who 
was  taken  by  the  Indians  in  one  of  their  incursions 
and  he  resided  or  was  detained  among  them  for  many 
verrs-Coffin  2d,  Peter,  Henry  and  John.     Coffin  2d 
was  Dr.  Moore's  grandfather,  and  was  born  at  Strat- 
ham. N.  H.,  February  25.  i739;  ^e  .studied  medicme 
and  practiced  with  success  to  a  good  old  age^    He 
was  married  to  Comfort  Weeks,  of  Greenland,  N.  H.. 
March  3.  1 760.     They  had  four  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters    Their  third  child  was  Coffin   3^.  the  father  of 


'  1 


320 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  at  Georgetown, 
Mass.,  April  30,  1768,  and  died  at  Lancaster,  N.  u', 
August  22,  1842.  He  was  at  Lancaster,  N.  H.,  with 
General  Edward  Bucknam,  about  1787,  who  was  for 
many  years  the  principal  surveyor  in  the  County  of 
Coos,  and  whose  daughter  Mary,  he  married  in  1789. 
They  had  eight  sons  and  three  daughters. 

The  subject  of  this  biography  was  the  fourth  child. 
His  youngest  brother,  Jacob  Bailey  Moore,  was  also  a 
physician.  His  father.  Coffin  M.,  was  a  respectable 
farmer,  who  spent  the  inclement  days  of  winter  in 
making  and  mending  shoes  for  his  family,  and  for  his 
neighbors.  He  supported  his  family  by  his  labor  and 
industry,  and  gave  them  the  best  common  school  edu- 
cation that  his  means  and  the  facilities  of  the  town 
afforded. 

The  mother  of  the  Doctor  was  the  second  daughter 
of  General  Edward  Bucknam.  The  latter  was  born 
at  Athol,  Mass.,  June  21,  1741,  and  died  at  Lancaster, 
N.  H.,  March  9,  181 3.  He  had  married  Susannah, 
daughter  of  David  Page,  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Lancaster.  They  had  two  sons,  Edward  and  George, 
and  five  daughters.  The  second  daughter,  Mary,  wa.s 
born  July  22,  1769,  at  Lancaster,  and  died  in  the  same 
town.  May  4,  1837. 

As  an  indication  of  the  strong  will  and  unconquer- 
able desire  on  the  part  of  Doctor  Moore  to  obtain  an 
education,  it  is  worthy  of  mention  that  up  to  his  nine- 
teenth year  he  worked  upon  his  father's  farms,  except 
the  three  winter  months  when  he  was  permitted  to 
attend  school.  The  two  last  winters  he  engaged  in 
teaching.     In  the  spring  of  1821,  he  left  his  native 


|pi 


lorgctown, 
ter,  N.  H., 
I  H.,  v/ith 
io  was  for 
County  of 
d  in  1789. 

irth  child, 
was  also  a 
2spectable 
winter  in 
nd  for  his 
labor  and 
:hool  edu- 
the  town 

daughter 
was  born 
^^ancaster, 
Susannah, 
settlers  of 
i  George, 
ilary,  was 
the  same 

iconquer- 
obtain  an 
his  nine- 
is,  except 
mitted  to 
igaged  in 
is  native 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        32  £ 

town  with  but  $20  as  an  outfit,  and  this  sum  was  saved 
from  his  labor  as  teacher.  He  went  to  Pembroke,  N. 
H..  where  he  fitted  for  college. 

Having  resolved  to  study  medicine,  and  receiving 
encouragement,  he  became  a  pupil  without  a  complete 
college  course  (which  he  never  ceased  to  regret),  and 
entered  the  office  of  Dr.  Thomas  Brown,  of  Deerfield, 
but  formerly  of  Manchester,  N.  H.,  where  he  spent 
four  years,  except  the  three  winter  months,  which  he 
devoted  to  teaching,  to  obtain  the  means  necessary 
to  prosecute  his  professional  studies,  and  to  attend 
lectures.  He  attend  -d  one  session  at  Dartmouth  and 
the  other  at  Bowdoin,  and  graduated  M.  D.  in  1828. 

He  then  went  to  Concord,  N.  H.,  where  he  opened 
an  office  and  procured  such  books  for  his  library  as  he 
could   afford   with  his  slender   means;  but  after  six 
months  he  removed  to  Epping,  where  he  engaged  in 
practice  with  good  success.     April   10,  1830,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Samuel  Lawrence,  of  Epping.     His  business  became 
large  and  remunerative,  and  he  prosecuted  it  assidu- 
ously until  the  spring  of  1847,  when  he  removed  with 
his  family  to  Boston,  Mass.     He  took  the  office  that 
had  been  occupied  by  Dr.  Lane,  who  had  just  died 
of  cholera.     The  Doctor's   reputation  had    preceded 
him,  and  he  soon  found  himself  fully  engaged  in  prac- 
tice.' He  promptly  identified  himself  with  the  interests 
of  the  profession  and  the  city,  and  was  chosen  to  fill 
various  public  offices. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Boston  School  Committee 
in  1849-50,  and  of  the  Boston  Primary  School  Com- 
mittee from  1 85 1  to  1854;  of  the  Massachusetts  Med- 


-^''      r- 


322 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


I 


ical  Society;  of  the  American  Medical  Association, 
and  had  been  since  1855;  of  the  New  England  His- 
toric and  Genealogical  Society  since  1858,  and  an 
honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society.  He  was  appointed  Coroner  for  Suffolk 
County  in  1858,  a  position  which  he  held  at  the  time 
of  his  death.  He  was  also  one  of  the  distributors  of 
the  Howard  Benevolent  Society  for  the  last  twenty 
years  of  his  life. 

From  an  early  period  of  his  professional  career,  he 
was  a  member  of  the  independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows.  He  was  also  a  devoted  Mason,  and  had 
received  the  thirty-third  and  last  degree  of  the  Ancient 
and  Accepted  Scottish  rite. 

I  am  acquainted  with  but  few  contributions  the 
Doctor  has  made  to  medical  literature;  but  he  was 
by  no  means  an  idle  man  nor  wanting  in  literary 
ability.  December  10,  1873,  he  published  his  thir- 
teenth annual  report  of  the  proceedings  and  workings 
of  the  Grand  Council  of  Masons  of  the  several  States. 

Dr.  Moore  was  a  man  of  great  probity  of  character, 
strong  and  stable  in  his  friendships,  devoted  and 
untiring  in  doing  good.  As  a  physician  he  was  suc- 
cessful and  popular,  because  he  sought  to  deserve 
honor  by  the  noblest  means — that  of  rendering  zealous 
and  intelligent  service  to  those  who  sought  his  pro- 
fessional aid.  He  was  a  constant  reader  of  the  best 
books;  also  attended  the  meetings  of  the  medical 
societies,  and  thus  kept  himself  abreast  of  the  latest 
and  best  means  of  relieving  human  suffering.  He  was 
not  only  well  informed,  but  self-reliant  and  assuring 
in  the  sick  room,  and  was  conscientious  and  faithful 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        323 

in  the  discharge  of  all  his  professional  duties.  For 
twenty-five  years  previous  to  1868,  he  was  hardly  ever 
without  one  .;nd  often  several  students  in  his  office, 
and  was  recognized  by  all  who  knew  him  as  the  friend 
and  patron  of  the  young  physician. 

Dr.  Moore  had  three  children— two  sons  and  one 
dau<^hter— but  one  of  whom  is  now  living.  Samuel 
Lavvrence  Moore,  M.  D.,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  and  a 
practicing  physician  of  ability,  who  not  only  worthily 
enjoys  the  reputation  of  his  father,  but  gives  promise 
of  adding  to  the  fame  of  an  honored  ancestry. 

MOORE.ELlHARDMAN,M.D.,ofWellsburgh, 
W.  Va.,  was'born  in  that  place  April  4.  1818  ;  died  sud- 
denly at  his  residence,  Wednesday,  January  16,  1878. 
His  ancestry  on  his  father's  side  were  of  Irish  extrac- 
tion but  had  resided  in  Virginia  for  many  years.     His 
father  removed  from  Botetourt  Co.,  Va.,  to  Wcllsburgh, 
in  April,  1810,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
life,  dying  in  May,  1864.     His  mother  was  a  native  of 
Wilmington,  Delaware,  and  died  in  1873,  aged  82. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  an  only  child,  and  when 
young  was  of  delicate  constitution.     He  was  educated 
at  the  common  school,  and  also  at  the  Wellsburgh 
Academy.     In  1 833,  he  entered  Washington  College, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  spent  several  years,  but  was 
obliged  on  account  of  his  heaUh  to  suspend  all  study, 
being  furnished  with  an  honorable  certificate  from  the 
President  to  that  effect.    For  the  recovery  of  his  health, 
he  was  sent  South,  remaining  some  time  in  Mississippi 
and  Louisiana.     Returning  home,  he  commenced  his 
medical  studies  in  the  office  of  Dr.  John  Campbell. 


Hi 

'im 


324 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


where  he  spent  about  fifteen  months;  he  then  attended 
lectures  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia, 
where  he  graduated,  after  three  full  courses  of  lectures, 
in  the  spring  of  1840.  While  in  Philadelphia,  1"-  vas 
a  private  pupil  of  Prof  R.  Dungleson's,  and  for  one 
year  a  chemical  clerk  of  Prof  John  ^vevere,  Professor 
of  Theory  and  Practice  in  the  College  Dispensary, 
During  all  these  years  his  health  remained  poor,  he 
being  most  of  the  time  under  treatment.  After  gradu- 
ating, his  parents  would  not  give  their  consent  to  his 
leaving  home,  so  that  he  commenced  practice  in  his 
native  place,  which  became  his  permanent  residence. 
The  Doctor  throughout  his  professional  life  has  rather 
sought  quiet  than  any  notoriety.  He  has  neither  held 
oflfices  of  note  nor  made  contributions  to  medical  lit- 
erature. He  was  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia  State 
Medical  Society,  and  was  its  Vice  President  in  1872; 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society.  He 
attended  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, San  Francisco,  in  1871.  On  this  occasion  he 
visited  the  Yosemite  Valley,  the  Geysers,  and  other 
places  of  interest  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  In  1 340,  he 
was  married  to  Eliza  Wilson;  she  died  in  1850.  In 
1853,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Narcissa  P.  Wilson, 
sister  of  the  first  wife.  She  died,  July  i,  1877.  They 
have  left  four  children. 


MOORE,  JOHN  S.,  M.  D.,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  was 
born  in  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C,  October  5,  1807.  During 
his  infancy,  he  was  taken  by  his  fathc:,  Thomas 
Moore,  with  his  family,  to  a  plantation  about  sixty 


MM 


■mmm 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        32$ 

miles    below    Nashville.  Tenn.      He    attended    the 
country  schools,  and  assisted  on  the  farm  unt.l  h.s 
fifteen^  year,  when  he  was  sent  to  an  academy  at 
Flkson  Ky.,  where  he  remained  two  years.     He  then 
entered  Cumberland  College,  Ky.,  where  he  graduated 
A  B    and  subsequently  received  from  the  same  msti- 
tutiori  the  degree  of  A.  M.     He  then  engaged  as  a 
utor  fo  one  year  in  the  college.     His  medical  stud.es 
were  begun  under  Gepson  B.  Taylor,  o    Morganfield. 
Kv      He  attended  the  usual  courses  of  lectures  at  the 
Cincinnati  Medical  College,  Ohio,  and  received  the 
d  ;  e   of  M.D.in    1836.     In   1840  Dr.  Moore  was 
elected   to   the   chair   of  Obstetrics   m  the   Mcd.cal 
Department  of  Kemper  College.  St.  Lou.s.  Mo.  and 
delivered  the  introductory  in  the  first  med.cal  co  lege 
founded  west  of  the  Mississippi  river.     Th.s  school 
llr  the  lapse  of  several  years,  became  the      ed.ca 
Department  of  the  State  Umvers.ty.      In    1857    he 
colle-e  xvas  re6rganized.  under  a  new  charter,  as  the 
Missouri  Medical  College,  which  is  still  a  pmsperous 
Litution.     At  the  end  of  the  first  course  of  lectures 
if  841    Professor  Moore  was  transferred  from  the 
chair  of  Obstetrics  to  that  of  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Medicine,  a  position  he  filled  with  ability  and  reputa- 
tTon  for  tiurty-six  years.     During  this  per.od  he  acted 
much  of  the  time   as   Dean   and  Treasurer   of  the 
F^tlt;    and   President   of  the   Board   of  Trustees. 
The  Doctor  has.  throughout  his  professional  career. 
been  an  efficient  supporter  of  medical  organizations 
and  a  constant  advocate  for  the  elevation  of  medica 
education.     He  is  a  member  of  the  St  Louis  Medica 
Association;  of  the  Missouri  State  Medical  Society,  of 


M'h 


J26 


niOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Society  of  St.  Louis;  of 
the  American  Medical  Association,  and  has  been  since 
1852,  and  was  one  of  the  /ice-Presidents  in  1869;  and 
an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society.  He  is  united  in  marriage  to  Susan  A., 
daughter  of  D.  L.  Morrison,  Professor  of  Mathematics 
and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Cumberland  College,  Ky 
They  have  four  children — one  son  and  three  daugh- 
ters—living. Mrs.  Moore  accompanied  her  husband 
to  California  in  1871,  and,  after  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  they  visited  the  various 
places  of  interest  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

MORRIS,  JOHN,  M.  D.,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  was 
born  in  Leacock  township,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb- 
ruary 6th,  1824.     His  ancestors  were  from  the  north 
of  Ireland,  and  on  coming  to  America,  settled  in  Lan- 
caster County.     Having  received  a  good  academical 
education  at  the  High  School,  and  at  the  Lancaster 
Academy,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine  in  Baltimore,  with  Dr.  Frederick 
E.  B.  Hintze      His  medical  degree  was  received  from 
the  B-llevue  Medical  College,  of  N.  Y.     He  is  also  a 
licentiate  of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland,  by  examination,  and  an  L.  M.,  of  Dublin, 
Ireland.     Dr.  Morris  commenced  the  practice  of  med- 
icine in  tJie  city  of  Baltimore,  in  1846,  where  he  has 
continued  to  reside.     Although  frequently  called  to 
fill  important  public  official  positions  in  the  city  of 
Baltimore  and  the  State  of  Maryland,  he  nevertheless 
enjoys  a  good  remunerative  practice.     He  has  from 
time  to  time,   delivered   addresses,  and   contributed 


■m 


Louis;  of 
jeen  since 
1869; and 
;  Medical 
Susan  A., 
thematics 
liege,  Ky. 
26  daugh- 
husband 
ig  of  the 
le  various 


Md.,  was 
Pa.,  Feb- 
:he  north 
d  in  Lan- 
adeniical 
-ancaster 
inced  the 
"rederick 
ved  from 
is  also  a 
acuity  of 
f  Dublin, 
:  of  med- 
■e  he  has 
:alled  to 
2  city  of 
ertheless 
lias  from 
itributed 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        327 

papers  on  professional  topics  to  the  medical  journaU 
fnd  to  the  Transactions  of  medical  societ.es  w.th  which 
he    is  associated.     In    1852.  he  was  elected   to   tc 
Legislature    of   M  ryland.   and   was    re-elected   and 
served  several  ser  ,.ons.     He  was  for  years  a  membe 
of  the   School  Board  of  the  city  of  Balt.more,  and 
Postmaster  of  the  city  during  President's  Buchanans 
administration.     He  was  at  one  time  ^--dcnt  of  the 
Baltimore  Medical  and   Surgical   Society     He  .s   a 
member  of  the  Pathological  Society  of  Balt.more,  and 
has  served  in  its  various  offices;   of  the  Amer.can 
Medical   Association,   since    1868;    and    an    honor- 
ary  member   of   the   California   State   Med.cal    So- 
c^ty      He  represented  the  Medical  and  Ch.rurg.cal 
FacuUy  of  Ma.yland  at  the  meeting  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  which  convened  in  San  Franc.sco 
Cal    in  1871.     He  was  also  a  Delegate  to  the  Bnt.sh 
Medical  Association,  which  met  in  Edinburgh  .n  1875. 
The  Doctor  takes  an  active  interest  in  all  reformatory 
and  benevolent  movements  and  institutions.     He  has 
been  for  some  years  President  of  the  Maryland  Ine- 
briate Asylum.     This  institution  has,  from  the  good 
mTnagement  of  the  Trustees  and  an  eminently  com- 
pet  nfsuperintendent,  proved  to  be  one  of  the  very 
Lst  hospLs  of  its  kind  in  our  country.     IX.ing  Uie 
epidemic  of  yellow  fever  in  Norfolk,  m   1855.  ^'' 
Morris  volunteered  his  services,  and  rendered  profes- 
sional aid  for  over  a  month,  when  he  was  ^^^^l^^ 
trated  with  the  disease,  recovering  only  after  a  tediou 
illness     For  his  faithful  and  valuable  services  in  this 
e^Smic  he  received  a  gold  medal  from  the  citizens 
of  Norfolk.     In  1 87 1,  the  Doctor  was  united  m  mar- 


'      It 

k 


328 


niOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


m^i 


riage  to  Caroline  Canfield,  daughter  of  VVykoff  Piatt, 
a  distinguished  lawyer  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  eldest  son 
of  Judge  Benjamin  M.  Piatt,  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
that  State.  Her  mother  was  a  niece  and  adopted 
daughter  of  Hon.  Mahlon  Dickinson,  Secretary  of 
the  Navy  in  Jackson's  administration.  They  have  one 
child,  a  son.  Mrs.  Morris  accompanied  her  husband 
to  California,  and  by  her  agreeable  manners  and  cheer- 
ful disposition,  did  much  to  enliven  the  party  and  keep 
up  their  spirits  during  the  trip. 

MOWRY,  ROBERT  BRUCE.  M.  D.,  of  Alle- 
gheny, Pa.,  was  born  in  that  city,  December  23,  1813. 
His  father  was  born  at  Fort  Pitt,  of  German  parents, 
and  passed  his  life  actively  and  honorably  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits.  The  mother  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  of  Irish  descent.  The  Doctor  received 
a  good  collegiate  education,  and  then  read  medicine 
with  his  uncle.  He  attended  lectures  at  Jefferson 
Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated  in 
1836.  The  same  year,  he  opened  an  ofifice  in  Alle- 
gheny City.  For  over  forty  years  he  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  a  large  and  responsible  practice,  and  has 
always  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the  discussion  of 
matters  of  a  public  character,  affecting  the  interests 
of  the  profession.  Besides  his  address  as  Presi- 
dent  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  the  Doctor  has 
contributed  some  good  papers  to  the  Transactions 
and  to  medical  journals.  Tis  well-stored  mind  and 
matured  judgment  qualifies  him  to  write  well  on  any 
subject.  He  is  an  Associate  Fellow  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  of  Philadelphia:  a  member  of  the  Alle- 


Ml 


-# 


Idest  son 
)necrs  of 


KOCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION.        329 

jThcny  County  Medical  Society;  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Medical  Society,  and  was  its  President  in  1S66; 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  an  honorary 
m-mber  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society.  Dr. 
Mowry  lost  his  wife  during;  the  last  year.  lie  has 
eight  children  living— five  daughters,  all  married,  and 
three  sons,  one  of  whom  is  a  physician  practicing  in 
Allegheny  City. 

NORTH,  ALFRKD,  M.  D.,  of  Waterbury,  Conn., 
was  born   at  Torrington,  Litchfield  Co..  October   5, 
1836.       His    father   was    a    well-to-do    farmer,   and 
secured  to  his  son  a  good  collegiate  education,  send- 
ing him  to  Brown  University,  R.  I.,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in   1858.     Having  studied   medicine  for  several 
years,  and  attended  lectures  at  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New  York  City,  he  received  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  in  i860.     He  served  for  a  term  as 
House  Surgeon  in  the   New  York  Hospital,  but,  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  entered  the  militar>' 
service,  and  was  stationed  for  a  time  in  Frederick 
city,  Md.,  where  he  was  Attending  Surgeon  to  the 
United  States  Army  Hospital.     He  was  then  trans- 
ferred  to   the    Military    Hospital,   New   York.      On 
leaving  the  army,  he  settled  in  Waterbury,  where  he 
now  resides,  actively  engaged  in  a  general  practice. 
Dr.  North   has  occasionally  contributed  articles  on 
medical  matters  to  the  New  York  Medical  Record 
and    other    medical    journals.       He    is    a    member 
and,  at  present,  Vice-President   of  the    New   Haven 
County  Medical  Society,  which  he  also  represented  at 
the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  at 


1 


330 


DIOCiRAPIIICAL  SKETCHES. 


San  Francisco,  in  1871 ;  and  an  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society.  Dr.  North  is 
united  in  marriage  to  Amelia  H.,  daughter  of  Dr. 
Gurdon  Huck,  of  New  York.  They  have  two  children 
— Susie  and  Annie, 

ODONNELL,  DOMINICK  A.,  M.  D.,  of  Balti- 
more, Md.,  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1809;  died  at 
Baltimore,  August  26,  1874.  His  parents  came  to 
America  with  their  family  when  he  was  seven  years 
of  age.  His  academic  education  was  obtained  at  Km- 
mittsburg,  Md.  it  was  his  purpose  to  enter  the  min- 
istry, but  his  health  failing,  this  desire  had  to  be 
abandoned.  lie  then  studied  medicine  and  attended 
lectures  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia, 
where  he  graduated  in  1833.  He  began  to  practice 
at  Williamsport,  Md,;  but  that  locality  proving  unfav- 
orable to  his  health,  he  removed  to  the  State  of  Mis- 
sissippi, where  he  labored  acceptably  as  a  physician 
about  two  years,  when  he  returned  to  Maryland,  and 
for  a  time  practiced  at  Hancock.  After  a  short  resi- 
dence there  he  removed  to  Cumberland.  At  both  of 
these  places  he  enjoyed  a  remunerative  practice;  but, 
at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  many  friends,  in  1848  he 
removed  to  Baltimore.  In  this  city  he  soon  acquired 
a  large  and  responsible  professional  business,  which 
he  retained  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

Of  the  thirty  Catholic  institutions  of  Baltimore  he 
rendered  gratuitous  service  to  thirteen.  He  was  de- 
voted to  his  profession,  and  highly  esteemed  by  his 
brethren  and  the  community.  A  careful  reader  of  the 
best  medical  literature,  he  was  a  skillful  practitioner  and 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MKniCAL   ASSOCIATION.       33 1 


icmbcr  of 

North  is 

cr  of  Dr. 

3  children 


of  Balti- 
;    died   at 

came  to 
/on  years 
ed  at  Km- 
-  the  niin- 
lad  to  be 

attended 
ladelphia, 

0  practice 
ing  unfav- 
e  of  Mis- 
physician 
'land,  and 
short  resi- 
\t  both  of 
:tice;  but, 

1  1848  he 
1  acquired 
:ss,  which 

timore  he 
[e  was  de- 
led by  his 
ider  of  the 
tionerand 


a  sympathetic  and  encouraging  friend  in  the  sick-room. 
As   Cliairman  of  a  Special  Committee  on  Criminal 
Abortion  he  made  a  well-considered  report  on  the  sub- 
ject  to  the  American  Medical  Association  in    1 87 1. 
He  took  an  active  interest  in  all  medical  organizations, 
and  was  solicitous  for  a  high  moral  and  educational 
standard  for  medical  men.     His  generous  and  benevo- 
lent impulses  led  him  to  connect  himself  with  a  great 
many  societies — professional,  literary  and  cha-itable. 
In  1854,  Loyola  College,  of  Baltimore,  conferred  upon 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.     He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Mary- 
land,  and    was    first    Vice  President    in     1874,   and 
represented  that  body  in  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation, in  California   in    187 1,  and   always  attended 
its  meetings  with  much  regularity ;  and  an  honorary 
memb  r  of  the  Califoraia  State  Medical  Society.    The 
Doctor  was  married  three  times,  and  leaves  a  wife  and 
two  sons.     His  surviving  wife,  Sallie  E.  Bussy,  ac- 
companied him  to  California,  and  made  with  him  ex- 
cursions to  places  of  interest  on  the  Pacific  coast  and 
to  Salt  Lake  City  en  route.     On  the  announcement 
of  the  death  of  Dr.  O'Donnell,  a  special  meeting  of 
the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Maryland  was 
called,  and  appropriate  resolutions  of  respect  for  his 
memory  and  of   condolence    with   his    family  were  , 
passed,  and  also  a  resolution  to  attend  his  funeral  in  a 

body. 

His  remains  art  deposited  in  Bonnie  Brae  Cemetery, 
where  a  handsome  monument  marks  his  last  resting- 
place.  His  funeral  was  largely  attended  by  citizens 
and  by  his  professional  brethren.   The  press  of  the  city 


332 


nionRAI'lUCAL   .SKETCHES. 


contained  cxtcnilcd  and  conipliniL-ntary  notices  of  his 
life  and  worth  as  a  physician  and  as  a  citi/.cn. 

PARSON.S,  JOHN  WILIJAM,  M.  D.,  of  roits- 
mouth,  N.  M.,  was  born  in  Ryo,  Rockin^hant,  Co, 
'M.  H.,  August  4,  1841.  His  ancestors  for  generations 
have  furnished  able  physicians  to  New  luigland.  His 
education  was  partly  received  at  the  public  schools, 
and  later  at  the  high  schools  of  his  native  place.  He 
also  attended  the  Phillips'  ICxeter  Acade:^iy,  and  com- 
pleted his  classical  studies  at  Norwich  University. 
He  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  at  Dover,  N.  H., 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  L,  G.  Hill  In  1862,  he 
attended  a  course  of  medical  lectures  at  Dartmouth, 
when  Prof  Di.xi  Crosby  was  in  the  enjoyment  of  his 
full  powers  and  exercised  the  powers  of  his  active 
brain  and  his  large  acquaintance  with  surgery,  which 
he  imparted  to  his  classes  in  a  most  impressive  and 
agreeable  manner.  Dr.  Parsons  attended  the  summer 
school,  and  also  two  courses  of  regular  lectures  at 
Harvard    College,   where    he   graduated    M.    D.,   in 

1865.  On  application,  and  after  passing  a  satisfac- 
tory examination,  he  was  commissioned  Assistant  Sur- 
geon of  the  Twenty-Fourth  Massachusetts  Volunteer 
Infantry,  but  after  one  year  of  service  his  regiment  was 
mustered  out.     He   settled  to  practice    August    1st, 

1866,  at  Portsmouth,  where  he  still  resides,  and  enjoys 
a  good  and  remunerative  general  professional  business, 
He  attended  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  at  San  Francisco, California,  in  187 1,  as  a 
Delegate  from  the  New  Hampshire  Medical  Society. 
The  Doctor  is  a  man  of  large  intellect,  high  culture 


1 


ROCKV    MOUNTAIN    MrPICAI.   ASSOCIATION.        333 

and  agreeable  manners.     The  societies  with  which  he 
co-operates  always   place  him  upon  imjn.rtant  com- 
mittees, whenever    h.;    attends    their    meetings.      In 
1873    he  was   united  in  marriage  to  Mary  Augusta 
Adams.     They  have  no  children.     Although    he   us 
eminently  qualified,  the  Doctor  has.  as  yet.  contributed 
but  little  to  medical  literature  except  reports  to  medi- 
cal societies.     It  is  to  be  hoped  he  may  have  time  and 
inclination  to  give  the  profession  the  benefit  oHus  ex- 
perience and  study.     He   is  a  member  of  the   New 
Hampshire  State  Medical  Society,  permanent  member 
of  the  American  Medical  As.sociation  since  1870,  and 
an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society. 

PHELPS.  JKRRMIAH  WILCOX,  M.  D..  of  Wol- 
cottsville,  Litchfield  Co..  Conn.,  was  born  at  Norfolk. 
Litchfield  Co.,  February  29.  1824      His  grandfather 
Phelps  was  a  patriot,  and  did  good  scrvic-^  in  the  dev- 
olution.    The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
the  high  school   at  Winchester  Center  and   at  the 
Norfolk  Academy.     Having  prepared  for  the  study  of 
medicine,  he  became  the  pupil  of  Dr.  J.  H.  T  Cockey. 
with  whom  he  remained  from   1842  to   1845-     "'^ 
medical  degree  was  received  from  Castleton  Medical 
College,  Vt.,in   1846.     Shortly  after  graduating,  he 
opened  an  office  at  Coldbrook,  Conn.     In   1850  he 
removed  to  Chicago.  111.,  where  he  remained  about 
one  year,  then  returning  to  Connecticut,  and  began 
practice  at  Wolcottsville,  where  he  resided  from  185 1 
to  1872    In  the  latter  year  he  removed  to  New  Haven, 
where  he  was  actively  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his 


334 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


profession  until  December,  1875,  when  he  returned  to 
VVolcoUsville.  He  was  a  Delegate  from  the  Con- 
necticut Medical  Society  to  the  American  Medical 
Association,  which  met  in  San  Francisco,  in  1871. 
The  variety  of  climate,  caused  by  the  topography  of 
California,  and  winds  from  proximity  of  the  Pacific 
ocean,  was  a  matter  of  much  interest  to  him,  as  it  is  to 
most  visitors.  The  Doctor  was  a  member  of  the  Con- 
necticut State  Legislature  in  1870.  He  was  President 
of  the  Litchfield  County  Medical  Society  in  187 1.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and 
an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society,  and  has  been  an  Odd  Fellow  since  1849.  Dr. 
Phelps  was  united  in  marriage  to  Augusta  Caroline, 
daughter  of  Cicero  Hayden,  of  Torringford,  in  1847. 
In  1859,  he  was  married  to  his  second  wife,  M.  M. 
Beardsley,  widow  of  Dr.  Peter  Beardsley,  of  Tor- 
rington,  by  which  marriage  they  have  two  sons. 

PINKNEY,  NINIAN,  M.  D.,  of  Easton,  Md.,  Medi- 
cal Director  U.  S.  N.,  was  born  at  Annapolis,  June  7, 
1 8 II ,  died  at  his  residence,  December  15,1 877.  He  is 
the  son  of  Ninian  and  Amelia  (Grason)  Pinkney,  and 
nephew  of  William  Pinkney,  who  as  a  lawyer,  orator, 
and  statesman,  had  few  equals  and  no  superior  in 
Maryland,  and  the  brother  of  Bishop  Pinkney  of  that 
State. 

His  education  was  obtained  at  St.  John's  College, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1830.  In  January  of 
that  year  he  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  Edward  Sparks,  of  Annapolis.  He  attended  medi- 
cal letiures  at  the  University  of  Maryland,  in  1831-32, 


mm 


1 


sturned  to 
the   Con- 
i    Medical 
in   1871. 
graphy  of 
he  Pacific 
as  it  is  to 
■  the  Con- 
President 
1871.    He 
ation,  and 
3  Medical 
849.    Dr. 
Caroline, 
,  in  1847. 
ife,  M.  M. 
,  of  Tor- 
ons. 

Id.,  Medi- 
s.June  7, 
77.  He  is 
kney,  and 
er,  orator, 
iperior  in 
ey  of  that 

s  College, 
anuary  of 
icine  with 
ded  medi- 
11831-32, 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        335 

and  the  following  year  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, Pa.,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.,  in  April,  1833. 

On  the  26th  March,  1834.  he  entered  the  U.  S.  N. 
as  an  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  continued  on  active 
duty  until  retired  as  Medical  Director  with  rank  of 
Commodore  in  1873. 

Dr.  PiNKNEY  pos.ses.sed  a  vigorous  intellect  and  an 
active  temperament,  which,  with  an  ardent  love  for  his 
profession,  enabled  him  to  perform  a  large  amount  of 
professional  work  and  literary  labor  outside  of  the  re- 
quirements of  his  official  duties.     In  1 839  he  prepared 
and    delivered  a  series  of  lectures    to    the  medical 
profession  and  the  students  of  the  two  institutions  of 
Philadelphia,"  On  the  Nerves  of  the  Brain  and  Organs 
of  Sense."     They  were  published  in  pamphlet  form 
the  same  vear.     In  1848  he  delivered  a  lecture  at  An- 
napolis on  the  "  Life  and  Chara  '  -r  of  Admiral  Collmg- 
wood,"  which  was  also  published  in  a  pamphlet.     In 
1849,'when  Asiatic  cholera  was  attracting  much  atten- 
tion from  the  profession  and  the  .statesmen  of  Amer- 
ica he  prepared  a  lecture  upon  the  subject,  giving  a 
graphic  history  of  its  rise  in  India  and  its  simultaneous 
importation  into  Europe  and  America.     This  lecture 
was  delivered  by  request  in  several  cities,  and  was  op- 
portune and  appreciated  by  the  profession.  In  1854  he 
delivered  a  lecture,  by  request  of  the  Maryland  Leg- 
islature, on  the  subject  of  the  "  Home  and  Foreign 
Policy  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States."    This 
paper  was  published  by  the  Maryland   Legislature. 
This   year  he  also  delivered  the  Commencement  Ora- 
tion at  St.  John's  College,  and  made  the  Presentation 
Address  at  the  Naval  Academy,  by  request  of  the 


336 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


Secretary  of  the  Navy,  on  the  occasion  of  Commo- 
dore Perry's  presenting  tlic  flag  that  had  been  raised 
on  the  soil  of  Japan.  He  delivered  an  oration  before 
the  Society  of  St.  John's  College  in  1873,  and  lectured 
in  Easton  and  Centcrville,  Md.,  on  "  Public  Hygiene," 
in  1875-76. 

In  1870  he  submitted  to  the  American  Medical 
Association  a  report,  as  Chairman  of  a  Delegation  to 
foreign  societies,  in  which  he  proposed  the  following 
Medical  Staff  Rank  and  Grade  for  the  United  States 
Navy,  and  substantially  what  is  now  tho  law  : 

Surgeon-General  to  rank  with  Commodore. 

Medical  Directors  to  rank  with  Captains. 

Medical  Inspectors  to  rank  with  Commanders. 

Surgeons  to  rank  with  Lieutenant  Commanders. 

Past  Assistant  Surgeons  to  rank  with  Lieutenants. 

Assistant  Surgeons  to  rank  with  Masters. 

As  more  satisfactorily  showing  Dr.  Pinkney's  stand- 
ing in  the  service  and  his  views  on  this  subject,  I  give 
the  following  letter  to  him  from  Admiral  D.  D.  Porter: 

"  U.^^S.  Naval  Academy, 
"Annapolis,  Md.,  December  31,  1867. 

"My  Dear  Pinkney:  I  write  you  now  on  a  subject  which  you 
broached  to  me  the  other  day,  in  relation  to  your  Corps.  My  propo- 
sition is  as  follows,  which  Line  Officers  will  agree  to  : 

"  I.  Surgeon-General  with  assimilated  rank  of  Commodore  ai;d 
Brigadier-General. 

"  12.  Assistant  .Surgeons-General  or  Inspectors,  with  assimilated 
rank  of  Captains.  From  among  these  the  Surgeon-General  and  Chief 
of  Bureau  will  be  selected. 

"16.  Deputy  Inspectors  with  assimilated  rank  of  Commander," 

and  so  on  all   the  way  through. 

The  tirst  of  these  grades  will  never  be  called  upon  to  go  to  sea,  but 
will  be  stationed  at  hospitals,  be  Inspectors  of  the  same,  or  Chief  of 
the   Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgeiy.     Now,  how  do  you  like  it  ? 


**'«SS 


rMENT,  ^ 

,ND  SURr.KRY,  V 

'iV24,  1872.      ) 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        337 

Write  me  plump  and  plain  what  you  think  of  it.  Don't  dodge  the 
question,  and  be  hankering  after  anything  more.  Remember  the 
fable  of  the  dog  and  his  shadow.  Walk  right  square  up  to  the  Cap- 
tain's  office  and  p.y  your  passage.  Write  at  once  and  let  me  know 
how  you  like  what  I  propose,  and  don't  be  non-committal. 
"       "Your  friend,  D.WID   D.  PORTER. 

"  Surgeon  N.  Pinknkv,  U.  S.  N.,  N^<jr  Ei^ton,  Ml." 

In  justice  to  the  Doctor  for  the  able  efforts  he  made 
to  obtain  increased  rank  for  the  medical  officers  of  the 
United  States  Navy,  I  will  also  give  here  a  letter  from 
the  late  Surgeon  General  J.  M.  Folt/,  U.  S.  N  - 

"  Navy  Department, 
"  Bureau  of  Medicine  an 
"  April 

"  My  Dear  Doctor  :  I  have  just  read,  very  carefully,  your  in- 
I.  s'ing  rnd  valuable  report,  on  Army  and  Navy  Medical  Rank.  It  is 
nu.  t^:  best  history  of  the  struggle  of  the  Medical  Corps  of  the 
'..  .<    Navy  of  Great   Britain  to  obtain  that  rank  and  position 

w  '4  ^w  awarded  to  them,  and  which  we  are  endeavoring  to  ob- 
tain  that  I  ever  met  with.  I  doubt  if  any  equally  comprehensive 
statement  of 'Orders  in  Council  and  British  legislation  on  the  subject 
exists  in  England.  I  therefore  very  much  regret  that  your  report  has 
not  been  published  and  thus  made  available  to  all  who  are  interested 
on  this  subject. 
"  I  am,  very  respectfully  and  truly,  yours, 

"J.  M.  FOLTZ, 
"  Surgeon- General,  U.  S.  N." 
«'  Medical  Director  Ninian  Pinkney,  U.  S.  N." 
The   Doctor  has  been  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  from  its  organization,  and  its  rec- 
ords show  his  frequent  attendance,  and  zeal,  and  abil- 
ity for  promoting  the  efficiency  of  the  medical  corps  of 
the  Navy      He  was  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  in  1 876. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  British  Medical  Association, 
and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Med- 
ical Society.     He  received  the  vote  of  thanks  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  Maryland  in  1848,  for  gallant 


S1WISWmWWg*M>MUkU-'A.'."Ji 


'•mff-  - 


338 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


and  meritorious  services  in  the  Mexican  war.  The 
Hononary  Degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon 
Dr.  PiNKNEY  by  St.  John's  College  in  1873. 

The  Doctor  had  a  strong  predilection'for  Surgery. 
I  will  note  a  few  of  the  more  important  operations 
performed  by  him,  and  in  which  he  was  very  success- 
ful. May  4th,  1841,  while  Surgeon  with  the  fleet  on  the 
Pacific  station,  he  removed,  with  success,  a  steatomat- 
ous  tumor  the  size  of  an  orange,  situated  over  the 
common  carotid  artery.  July  13th,  the  same  year,  at 
Lima,  he  ligated  the  right  femoral  artery,  for  popliteal 
aneurism.  In  March,  1842,  he  removed  a  ball  lodged 
immediately  over  the  great  sciatic  nerve,  which  lies  in 
the  hollow  between  the  great  trochanter  of  the  femur 
and  the  uberosity  of  the  oschum — which  caused  par- 
alysis of  the  limb  —with  success.  In  September,  1 842, 
he  removed  a  scirrhus  growth  from  the  lower  lip,  with 
complete  relief,  leaving  no  disfigurement.  In  1843,  he 
successfully  excised  the  shoulder-joint  (reported  in 
Am.  Jour.  Med.  Sci.,  October,  1846).  Many  other 
important  operations  have  been  performed  by  him. 
Some  few  of  his  cases  have  aready  been  reported 
in  the  AmeHcan  Journal  of  Medical  Science.  His 
last  cruise  was  under  Admiral  D.  D.  Porter,  as  fleet- 
surgeon  of  the  Mississippi  Squadron,  in   1863. 

Dr.  PiNKNEY  was  always  a  very  regular  attendant  of 
the  meetings  of  the  American  Medical  Associationi 
when  in  the  United  States,  and  during  his  trip  to  Cal- 
ifornia, in  1 87 1,  took  copious  notes  of  all  matters  of 
interest  en  route,  and  recorded  many  incidents  that  were 
amusing  and  instructive. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         339 

POLLOCK,  ALEXANDER  McCANDLESS,  M. 
D  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  was  born  in  Clinton,  Allegheny 
Co.,  January  7.  1820.  His  paternal  ancestors  fled 
from  Scotland  to  Ireland  at  the  time  of  the  persecu- 
tions of  Claverhouse,  from  which  latter  country  his 
immediate  branch  emigrated  to  America  in  1 721. 
His  maternal  grandfather  (McCandless)  came  directly 
from  Scotland, 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  son  of  Dr.  John 
Pollock,   a   respectable    practitioner,   who   for  forty 
years,  in  a  country  village,  administered  to  the  wants 
of  the  community,  and  whose  ear  was  ever  open  to. 
the  plaint  of  the  poor  as  to  the  demands  of  the  rich. 
After'having  passed  through  the  public  schools  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  sent  to  Jefferson  College, 
Cannonsburgh,   Pa.,  where    he   completed   his   aca- 
demic education.      He    studied   medicine   with    his 
father,  and  attended   lectures  at  the  Medical  College 
of  Ohio,  graduating  ini84l. 

Immediately  after  he  opened  an  office  in  Clinton, 
where  he  resided  until  1844-  I"  1845  l^e  removed  to 
Pittsburgh,  where  he  has  since  been,  in  the  enjoyment 
of  an  extensive  and  remunerative  practice.  This  has 
consisted  largely  of  surgical  cases,  in  which  he  has 
been  very  successful. 

His  knowledge  of  the  most  approved  procedures  in 
all  branches  of  this  art  is  extensive,  and  in  operations 
he  is  self-reliant  and  bold.  The  acuteness  of  his  well- 
stored  mind  and  his  familiarity  with  anatomy  and  the 
laws  of  mechanics  enable  him  in  emergency  and  on 
the  instant  to  devise  new  and  efficient  methods  and 
expedients. 


HWWywJii.'iiA" 


'%--. 


340 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


We  arc  indebted  to  him  for  the  invention  of  the 
wire  loop  as  a  substitute  for  the  ligature,  in  the  treat- 
ment of  aneurism,  but  indeed  it  can  be  used  in  all 
cases  where  the  ligature  is  required.  This  method  is 
described  in  the  New  YovV  Journal,  for  1869,  but  had 
been  used  by  him  since  the  winter  of  1859-60.  He 
also  invented  an  improved  trocar  for  ovariotomy  and 
other  purposes,  described  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  for  1871,  p.  275. 

The  Doctor  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the  State  and 
national  medical  organizations,  and  has  attended  ilie 
meetings  with  much  regularity.  He  is  an  intelligent 
and  conscientious  observerof  the  code  of  medical  ethics, 
an  enthusiastic  lover  of  his  profession,  and  an  ardent 
advocate  of  a  higher  and  better  standard  of  education. 
At  home  he  is  not  only  known  as  the  accomplished 
surgeon,  but  as  the  skillful,  attentive  and  sympathetic 
physician  and  noble-hearted  gentleman,  highly  es- 
teemed by  the  whole  community. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Allegheny  County  Medical 
Society,  and  was  its  President  in  1868;  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania State  Medical  Society,  and  its  President  in 
1872;  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  has 
been  since  1850,  and  was  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents 
in  1873;  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.  He  is  an  Associate  Fellow 
of  the  College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia.  He  has 
been  several  times  elected  a  member  of  the  Select  and 
Common  Council  of  the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  but  has 
never  taken  that  kind  of  interest  in  matters  uncon- 
nected with  his  profession  that  would  distract  his 
attention  from  medici)    . 


I    \ 


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the  treat- 
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method  is 
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omplished 
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ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         34^ 

Dr.  Pollock  has  been  connected  with  Mercy  Hos- 
pital as  Surgeon  almost  from  its  foundation.  1  .s  un- 
remitting attention  and  success  caused  his  wards  o  be 
constantly  filled  with  interesting  cases--many  of  them 
from  distant  parts  of  the  State,  giving  the  ms  .tut.ona 
more  than  local  usefulness  and  reputation.  He  is  st.U 
one  of  the  consulting  staff. 

He  has  much  valuable  material  collected  for  publi- 
cation, but  want  of  time  and  poor  health  has  thus  far 
prevented  him  from  preparing  it  for  the  press.  An 
examination  of  the  files  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society  contains  many 
papers  from  him.  and  will  give  some  idea  of  his  ability 
as  a  writer,  as  well  as  of  his  great  industry  and  the  im- 
portance of  his  original  observations  and  work  as  a 

surgeon.  „,  .      ., 

Dr  Pollock  is  united  in  marriage  to  Eleanor  Lauther 
Sterrett.  They  have  three  children  living— l.izzie  M., 
Ella  J.  and  Blanche  Z. 

RATHBONE,JOSHUA  HENRY, M.D.,of  James- 
town   N    Y.,  was  born  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  August  12, 
1832'and  died  at  his  residence  in  Jamestown,  Novem- 
ber 21   1877.    His  parents  were  from  New  England,  his 
father 'a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  and  his  mother  of 
Massachusetts.    The  subject  of  this  sketch  lived  m 
Augusta,  Ga.,  until  he  attained  his  fourteenth  year 
and  then  went  to  Providence,  R.  I.,  where  he  prepared 
for  and  entered  Brown  University,  where  he  graduated. 
Subsequently,  he  was  a  student  in  Heide  berg  Uni- 
versity for  several  years.      He  also  traveled  exten- 
sively through  Europe,  acquiring  the  languages  and 


34; 


niOflRAPIIICAL  SKETCHES. 


general  knowledge  of  the  sciences  nnd  the  world.    ITe 
attended   medical    Iccturt-s  at   Harvard  in    1855-56, 
and  at  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College  in  Philadel- 
phia,  1856-57,  where  he  graduated    M.  D.    In   the 
year   1858,  he  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine 
in   the   c.cy   of   Buffalo,    but    in    i860   he    removed 
to   Jamestown,  where    he     resided   until   his   death. 
For  some  years  he  served  as  Pension  Surgeon,  and 
had  been,  while  a  student.  Secretary  of  the  Rhode 
Island    State    Medical   Society,   and  was    for   some 
years    President   of  the    Chautaqua    County    (New 
York)  Medical  Society.     He  was  a  delegate  from  the 
latter  to  the  American  Medical  Association  in  1871, 
and  after  the  meeting  adjourned  devoted  some  time  to 
sight-seeing  throughout  the  State  of  California.     He 
was  possessed  of  a  competency  and  therefore   gave 
much  of  his  time  to  literary  pursuits  and  a  cultivation 
of  the  sciences.     The  Doctor  was  a  member  of  the 
New   York   State   Medical   Society;   the  Chautaqua 
County   Medical  Society,  and  the  American   Medi- 
cal  Association,   and   an   honorary   member   of  the 
California  State  Medical  Society.     Dr.  Rathbone  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Eliza  Adams,  of  Augusta, 
Ga.,  in  1858;  they  had  two  daughters  and  one  .son. 

ROBERTS.  ABEL  CUMMINS,  M.  D.,  of  Fort 
Madison,  Iowa,  was  born  in  Queensbury  township, 
Warren  Co.,  New  York,  January  15,  1830.  He  was 
the  fifth  child  of  Jonathan  and  Melita  (Cummins) 
Roberts,  who  had  a  family  of  fourteen.  In  his  youth 
he  attended  the  common  winter  district  schools  and 
in  the  summer  worked  on  his  father's  farm.     As  he 


world.    He 
1    1855-56, 
n  Philadcl- 
D.    In   the 
•f  medicine 
;    removed 
his   death, 
rgeon,  and 
:he   Rhode 
for   some 
nty    (New 
e  from  the 
)n  in  1871, 
me  time  to 
)rnia.     He 
:fore   gave 
cultivation 
ber  of  the 
Chautaqua 
:an   Medi- 
ler   of  the 
libone  was 
f  Augusta, 
>ne  son. 

.,  of  Fort 
township, 
He  was 
Cummins) 
his  youth 
hools  and 
1.     As  he 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MF.niCAL    ASSOCIATION.         343 

rrrew  older  and  advanced  in  education,  he  attended 
the  High  School  at  Adrian,  Mich.,  for  one  term,  but 
most  of  his  studies  were  pursued  at  odd  times  at  home. 
He  selected  medicine  as  a  profession,  and  bent  all  his 
energies  to  acquire  a  sufficient  d.gree  of  knovvledge 
to  enah'     ' 'm  to  properly  pursue  it.     After  makmg 
such  progress  as  he  could,  with  this  end  in  view,  he 
attended  lectures  during  the  winter  of  1850-51.  at  the 
University  of  Michigan.     His  means  being  too  hm.ted 
to  complete    his  studies,  he  went  to  the   l.klorado  of 
America-California-whcre  he  spent  two  years.     In 
18S1?    having   accumulated   a   considerable  sum,   he 
returned,  and  again  attended  lectures  at  the  University 
and  graduated  M.  D.,  in   1854.     The  same  >ear  he 
began  to  practice  his  profession  in  Otsego.  M.ch.     In 
i85Q  he  removed  to  Fort  Madison,  Iowa,  and  engaged 
actively  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.     In  1862  he 
was  appointed  Contract  Surgeon  in  the  Government 
Hospital  at  Keokuk.     In  March,  1863.  he  was  com- 
missioned Surgeon  to  the  Twenty-first  Missouri  Regi- 
ment and  served  with  it  till  mustered  out  in  April,  1866. 
Returning  home,  he  resumed  practice.     The  Doctor  is 
a  man  of  wide  popularity,  and  in  1869  was  elected 
treasurer  of  the  county,  holding  the  office  for  six 
successive  years.     In  1873,  he  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Fort  Madison.     He  was  united  in  marriage  in  1854, 
to  Amelia  A.  Cole,  of  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan    but  a 
native  of  New  York.     They  have  three  children,  all 
sons      Frank,  the  oldest,  is  a  physician,  now  a  partner 
in   practice  with  his  father.      Dr.    Roberts    is  often 
called    upon    to  .perform   important    surgical   oper- 
ations on  patients  from   a  distance.     This  was  ..ar- 


1 


IDyjHMtyWiivWJSM 


WJPIM)I«!HW,W.  ■ 


344 


niOGRAl'HICAL  SKETCHES. 


I 


!  i: 


'.i , 


!^.i: 


ticularly  tlie   case  since   liis  return    from    service  in 

the    army ;    indeed    he   found   a   number    of    cases 

waiting  for  him.    Me  has,  for  instance,  ligated  succe^j- 

fully  the  left  subclavian  artery,  and    performed    many 

other  capital  operations.     He  was  in  all  the  battles  in 

Mississippi,   Tennessee   and   Alabama.      After  each, 

the  medical    officers  were    kept   busy  operating,  for 

several  days  and  nights  without  rest.     When  the  army 

was  disbanded,  he  returned  home  and  was  appointed 

Pension  Surgeon  ;  but  being  then,  as  now,  owner  and 

editor  of  the  Fort  Madison  Democrat,  he  was  deposed 

for  political  reasons  in  1876.     He  is  a  member  of  the 

Iowa  State  Medical  Society,  and  was  a  Delegate  from 

it  to  the  American  Medical  Association,  in  1871.     He 

was  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in 

the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  Keokuk,  in 

1862-63,  and  delivered  two  courses  of  lectures.     The 

Doctor  is  a  man  of  great  mental  activity  and  untiring 

industry  and  perseverance,  and  popular  and  successful 

in  whatever  he  undertakes.     He  is  a  member  of  the 

Masonic  order,  and  at  present   High   Priesi  of  the 

Chapter  at  Fort  Madison.     A  member  of  the  Fort 

Madison  Medical  Association,  the  American  Medical 

Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 

State  Medical  Society. 


ROBINSON,  MATTHEW  FULLERTON,  M.  D., 
of  Newville,  was  born  near  Greencastle,  Franklin  Co., 
Pa.,  April  27,  1820,  died  at  his  residence,  Newville, 
Cumberland  Co.,  January  7,  1874.  His  grandparents 
were  Scotch-Irish,  and  among  the  earliest  settlers  in 
Franklin  County.     He  received  a  good  education  at 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         345 

the  best   schools  in   the   Cumberland   Valley.     His 
medical  degree  was  obtained  from  the   Washington 
University  of  naltimore,  in  1 847.     In  the  spring  of  this 
year  he  opened  an  office  at  Greencastle.     The  follow- 
ing year  he  removed  to  Mercersburg,  where  he  prac- 
ticed with  success  fcr  two  years.     I  n  1 849,  he  removed 
to  Cashtown,  in  Adams  County,  where  he  remained 
until   1854,  when  he  removed  to  Newville,  where  he 
permanently  located  and  mjoyed  a  full  practice  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death.     He  was  an  active  and  useful 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society, 
and  of  the  Cumberland  County  Medical  Society  from 
the  date  of  its  organization.     He  attended  the  meet- 
ing of  the  American   Medical   Association,  at   San 
Francisco,  in  1 87 1 ,  as  a  delegate  from  the  former.    He 
was  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medi- 
cal  Society.    The  Doctor  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Martha  F.,  daughter  of  A.  li.  Rankin.  Esq..  of  Green- 
castle     His  wife,  with  seven  children,  survived  him— 
five  sons  ana  two  daughters-Robert  E.  S..  is  a  physi- 
cian; Andrew  R..  Mervine  F..  Mary,  (since  deceased., 
James  D.,  Edwin,  and  Effie. 

ROSS,  JAMES,  M.  D..  of  Clarion,  was  born  in 
Indiana, 'Indiana  Co.,  Pa.,  December  8,  1813.  His 
father  was  a  farmer.  The  Doctor  in  his  youth  at- 
tended the  public  .schools  of  his  neighborhood  during 
school  season,  and  subsequently  the  Academy  in  the 
town  of  Indiana.  In  the  pursuit  of  more  advanced 
studies  he  for  some  years  attended  Hanover  College, 
in  the  State  of  Indiana.  His  medical  studies  were 
commenced  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  James  M. 


346 


IlIoriKArillCAI.  SKETCHES, 


Stewart,  in  bis  native  place,  and  after  attendiiifj  the 
usual  courses  of  lectures  he  praduated  M.  D.,  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1853  lie  commenced 
practice  in  Smicksbur^',  Indian.i  County,  but  in  1H40 
removed  to  Stratonvillc,  Clarion  County,  and  the  I'ol- 
lowin^i  year  from  there  to  Clarion,  the  county-seat, 
where  he  has  since  remained  actively  employetl  in  the 
duties  of  his  profession.  The  Doctor  married  early 
in  life,  and  has  had  twelve  children — six  sons  and  six 
daughters.  Five  sons  and  one  dau^jhter  are  now  liv- 
ing. Dr.  Ross  is  a  member  of  the  I'ennsylvania  State 
Medical  Society,  of  the  Clarion  County  Medical  Soci- 
ety, of  the  American  Medical  Association  since  1870, 
and  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society,  He  attended  the  meeting  of  the  National 
Medical  Association,  at  San  Francisco,  in  1S71.  Af- 
ter the  adjournment  of  the  '"onvention  he  visited  the 
various  places  of  interest  on  the  Pacific,  and  stopped 
for  a  day  at  Salt  Lake  City. 

RUSSKLL,  JOHN  VVADIIAMS,  M.  D„  of  Mount 
Vern«:)n,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Canaan,  Litchfield  County, 
Conn.,  June  28,  1804.  He  is  the  son  of  Stephen 
Russell,  a  man  of  influence  and  character  in  his  time, 
who  was  repeatedly  chosen  to  represent  the  people  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  once  by  a  unanimous  vote  of 
the  district.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  first  attended 
the  district  school,  and  then  prepared  for  college  at 
Morris  Academy.  Having  advanced  sufficiently  he 
entered  Hamilton  College,  New  York,  in  1 821.  His 
health  soon  after  failed  and  he  was  advised  by  physi- 
cians to  seek  a  residence,  for  a  time  at  least,  in  a  milder 


#■ 


ROCKY  MOUKTAtN  MF.niCAI.  associatidn.       347 

climate  in  some  Southern  State.    Accr.rdintjly  he  went 
south,  and  nhfained  a  situation  as  teaciicr  in  the  acad- 
emy at  Ketl   Han!<.  Colleton  district,  South   Carolina, 
lie  became  warmly  attached  to  his  southern  friends, 
and  had,  he    says,    "a    noble   class  of  pupils."     Dr. 
Sheridan,  he  says,  "  was  not  only  a  friend  but  a  father 
to  him,"  and  by  his  advice  he  coniiuenced  tiie  study  ol 
medicine  in  1S23.    Dr.  Russell  returned  to  Connecticut 
in  lS.:4,  and  continued  his  medical  .studies  under  Dr. 
Alanson  Abbe,  of  Litchfield.     1  lavin^j  studied  an'  re- 
viewed the  course  prescribed  to  office-students,  he;  at- 
tended lectures  in  1825  and  1S26,  at  Yale  College,  and 
then  a  second  course  at  Berkshire  Medical  Colle|;e.  in 
1826.     The  foUowini,'  winter  he  went  to  Philadelphia, 
and  became  a  private  pupil  of  Dr.  George  McCliHan, 
attending  lectures  at  Jefferson  Medical  College,  I'hil- 
adclphia,  where  he  graduated  in    1827.     In  April  of 
this  year  he  began  practice  in  partnership  with  \w 
preceptor  in  Litchfield,  where  he  continued  one  year, 
giving  a  course  of  lectures  on  anatt)my  and  physiology 
to  the  medical  students,  and  such  members  of  the  Law 
Class  as  wished  to  attend.     Although  his  prospects 
were  good  for  gaining  a  practice  in  this  place,  never- 
theless, in  the  spring  of  1828,  he  removed  to  Sandusky 
City,  Ohio,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  settled  at 
Mount  Vernon,  where  he  has  from  that  time  to  the 
present  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine and  surgery.     In  the  latter  branch  he  has  been 
remarkably  successful,  and  has   perform  :!    'many, 
if  not  more,  capital  operations  as  any  inland  town  sur- 
geon in  Ohio.     Dr.  Russell    has   frequently  cut  for 
stone,    and    on    one    occasion    upor;    two    patients 


WSMMf 


u 


i 


348 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


on  the  same  day.     For  encysted  calculus  he  has  per- 
formed the  high  operation  with  success.     During  the 
late  war  the  Doctor  was  one  of  the  Examining  Sur- 
geons, for  admission  of  Volunteer  Surgeons  into  the 
army,  and  was  President  of  the  Board.     He  was  for 
many  years  President  of  the  Mount  Vernon  Bank,  and 
is  now  President  of  the  Phcenix  Mining  and  Mineral 
Land  Company  of  Colorado.  He  has  been  solicited  on 
several  occasions  to  accept  Chairs  in  many  medical  col- 
leges in  Ohio,  but  he  has  devoted  his  energies  to  pri- 
vate practice,  which  has  been  the  favorite  pursuit  of 
his  life.    He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  Knox  County,  and  also  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical 
Society  from  their  organization,  and  was  President  of 
the  latter;  of  the  American  Medical  Association  since 
i860,  and  attended  the  meeting  in  San  Francisco  in 
1871,  and  is  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.     He  has  been  twice  married ; 
first,  in  the  spring  of  1828,  to  Eliza,  daughter  of  Hon. 
William  Beebe,   of  Litchfield,   Conn.     He   has  two 
children  living — Ann  Eliza  and  William  Beebe.     His 
second  marriage   was  in   1872,  to  Ellen  M.  Brown, 
of  San  Francisco,   Cal.     His   daughter,   Ann  Eliza, 
now    Mrs.   Cooper,  accompanied  him  to   California. 
They  both  enjoyed  the  trip,  and  often  refer  in  terms 
of  fond  recolection  to  the   many  pleasant  incidents 
of  the    journey,  and  the   kindness   and    hospitality 
experienced  from  the  profession  and  the  citizens  of 
California.     After  the  adjournment   of  the  Associa- 
tion they  made  excursions  to  some  noted  places  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  stopped  three  days  at  Salt  I-ake 
City  en  route. 


i  lias  per- 
uring  the 
ning  Sur- 
s  into  the 
2  was  for 
Jank, and 
I  Mineral 
tlicited  on 
idical  col- 
ics to  pri- 
pursuit  of 
al  Society 
e  Medical 
esident  of 
.tion  since 
incisco  in 
California 

married ; 
;r  of  Hon. 

has  two 
ebe.  His 
(I.  Brown, 
^nn  Eliza, 
California. 
r  in  terms 

incidents 
lospitality 
:itizens  of 

Associa- 
ces  on  the 
salt  I^ake 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        349 

SAYRE,  DAVID  MARTIN,  M.  D.,  of  Newton, 
N.  J.,  was  born  in  Hanover,  Morris  Co.,  March  26, 
1807';  died,  suddenly,  at  Newton,   August   3,   1876. 
He  was  the  youngest  child  of  Ebenezer  Sayre  and 
Charity    Cooper,    who    was    a   second    wife.      His 
paternal    ancestor,  Thomas  Sayre,  came  from  Bed- 
fordshire, England,  to  Lynn,  Mass,  in  1635,  setthng 
in  South  Hampton,  Long  Island,  in  1640.     One  of  his 
sons,  Joseph,  removed  to   New  Jersey,  and  was  an 
associate  in  the  settlement  of  Elizabethtown,  in  1667, 
being  the  progenitor  of  the  Sayre  family  in  the  State. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch,  after  receiving  a  common 
srh'tol  education,  commenced  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  John  S.  Darcy,  late  of  Newark,  but  then  of 
Hanover.     Before  he  was  of  legal  age  he  began  to 
practice  in  Sparta,  Sussex  County;  in  the  following 
July,  having  become  of  age,  he  was  regularly  licensed 
by  the  State  Censors,  and  continued  to  practice  in  the 
place  until  1843.     In  the  meantime  he  attended  lec- 
tures at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New 
York,  and  in  1836  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.     In 
1843,'he  removed  to  his  native  town,  Hanover,  and 
formed  a  co-partnership  with  Dr.  Timothy  Kitchell ; 
but  in  a  short  time  the  association  was  dissolved,  and 
he  was  prevailed  upon  to  return  to  Sparta,  where  he 
enjoyed  a  good  practice,  and  acquired  large  property. 
In    1863,    desiring   to    retire    somewhat    from    the 
care    of   a  laborious  practice,  he    removed   to    his 
homestead  farm  at  Hanover;  but  his  habits  and  tastes 
unfitted  him  for  a  farmer,  and  in  1865  he  removed  to 
Newton,  Sussex  County,  and  formed  a  partnership  m 
the  drug  business,  which,  however,  was  dissolved  at 


utm  _  vMmmUmv 


350 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


the  end  of  a  year,  when  he  again  opened  an  office  and 
resumed  general  practice.  Dr.  Sayre  was  an  accurate 
and  laborious  man,  and  had  a  love  of  study  and  a 
desire  to  be  well  posted  in  his  profession,  which 
feeling  on  two  several  occasions  induced  him  to 
attend  lectures  during  the  winter  in  New  York. 
For  some  time  before  his  death  he,  as  well  as  his 
medical  friends,  suspected  that  he  had  a  serious  dis- 
ease of  the  heart,  which  finally  proved  fatal.  He 
left,  by  will,  $5,000  to  a  public  library  in  Newton, 
"to  be  securely  invested,  and  the  interest  applied  to 
the  purchase  of  books."  He  was  a  good  financier, 
with  a  strong  taste  for  acquiring  wealth.  Although 
not  brilliant  as  a  scholar  or  as  a  physician,  he  had  a 
philosophic,  well-balanced  mind,  and  discharged  all 
the  duties  of  an  intelligent  practitioner  and  an  upright 
citizen,  with  marked  fidelity,  and  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  the  community.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Essex  District  Medical  Society,  of  the  New  Jersey 
State  Medical  Society,  of  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation, and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society. 

SCRIBNER,  JAMES  WILLIAM,  M.  D.,  of 
Tarrytown,  Westchester  Co.,  New  York,  was  born  itl 
that  place,  January  17,  1820.  He  is  the  son  of  a 
prominent  physician,  whose  ancestors  were  residents 
of  Westchester  County  prior  to  the  Revolution.  His 
grandmother  (on  the  mother's  side)  was  an  Ireland, 
a. id  came  to  this  country  from  England  before  the 
Revolution;  they  were  relatives  of  the  late  Dr. 
Ireland,  Surgeon-General  of  Ireland. 


office  and 
1  accurate 
dy  and  a 
n,  which 

him  to 
w  York. 
;11  as  his 
rious  dis- 
atal.  He 
Newton, 
ipplied  to 
financier, 
Although 
he  had  a 
arged  all 
n  upright 

satisfac- 
er  of  the 
:w  Jersey 
dical  As- 
Ilalifornia 


[.  D.,  of 
s  born  irt 
son  of  a 

residents 
ion.  His 
1  Ireland, 
lefore  the 

late    Dr. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        351 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  until  the  age  of  fifteen, 
attended  the  public  schools,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Collegiate  School  at  Bedford,  of  which  Samuel 
Holmes   was    principal.      Having   acquired   a   good 
classical  education,  he  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 
cine with  his  father,  who  was  then,  and  bad  been  many 
years,  one  of  the  physicians  in  charge  of  the  West- 
chester Almshouse,  where  he  had  ample  opportunity 
of  seeing  much  practice  while  yet  a  student.     After 
attending  three  courses  of  lectures  at  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  city,  he  grad- 
uated M.  D.  in  1847.  .      . 

The  following  year  he  commenced  practice  in  his 
native  town,  where  he  continues  to  reside,  having  in- 
variably been  favored  with  a  large,  remunerative  and 
responsible  practice.  He  became  his  father's  succes- 
sor in  the  profession,  and  was  appointed  to  hll  his 
place  at  the  almshouse.  This  is  one  of  the  largest 
and  best  conditioned  of  its  kind  in  the  State,  and 
much  of  its  efficiency  is  due  to  the  executive  ability 
and  practical  good  sense  of  Dr.  Scribner. 

As  a  physician  he  is  attentive,  and  as  a  surgeon 
prompt  in  decision,  full  of  resources  and  a  skillful 
operator.     His  medical  brethren  accord  to  h.m  the 
highest  professional  attainments,  and  have  rewarded 
him  with  the  leading  consulting  practice  as  well  as  the 
honors  of  official  position  in  the  medical  organizations 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Westchester  County  Medical 
Society,  has  in  turn  held  most  of  the  offices,  includ- 
ing the  Presidency,  and  was  a  Delegate  from  it  to  the 
National  Medical  Association  in  1871;  of  the  State 
Medical  Society,  of  the  American   Medical  Associ- 


m§, 


352 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


ation,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society.  He  has  been  President  and  Director 
of  the  Westchester  County  Agricultural  Society;  Pres- 
ident and  Trustee  of  the  Village  Corporation,  and  also 
of  the  Board  of  Education. 

The  Doctor  was  united  in  marriage  with  Margaret 
E.  Miller.  They  have  two  daughters — ^Josie  and 
Ella. 

SHIVELY,  JOSEPH  WARREN,  M.  D..  of  Kent, 
Portage  Co.,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Knox  Township, 
Columbiana  Co.,  September  24,  1833.  His  father  was 
a  farmer,  whose  ancestors  had  immigrated  to  America 
from  Germany,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania  in  1730. 
His  great-grandfather  on  his  mother's  side  was  an 
Englishman,  but  took  sides  with  the  Patriots  in  the 
Revolution,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  German- 
town.  The  Doctor  received  a  good  education  at  the 
common  schools,  and  afterward  attended  an  academy 
at  Salem,  Ohio.  Having  acquired  a  fair  proficiency 
in  Latin  and  mathematics,  he  was  engaged  for  several 
years  in  teaching  school.  He  began  the  study  of 
medicine  in  1853,  with  Dr.  A.  Metz,  of  Massillon, 
and  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures  in  1855  and 
1856,  at  the  University  of  Michigan.  At  the  close  of 
the  session,  he  became  partner  with  his  preceptor,  and 
continued  in  the  practice  of  medicine  for  three  years. 
He  graduated  at  the  Cleveland  Medical  College  in  the 
spring  of  i860,  and  in  the  same  year  he  entered  the 
naval  service  as  Assistant  Surgeon.  On  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war,  he  was  ordered  to  the  Gulf  Squadron, 
and  served  there  for  two  years,  participating  in  the 


irnia  State 
J  Director 
ety;  Pres- 
1,  and  also 


Margaret 
fosie   and 


,  of  Kent, 
fownship, 
ather  was 
I  America 
1  in  1730. 
e  was  an 
its  in  the 
German- 
)n  at  the 
academy 
roficiency 
ar  several 
study  of 
tlassillon, 
1855  and 
e  close  of 
:ptor,  and 
•ee  years. 
:ge  in  the 
tered  the 
breaking 
Iquadron, 
g  in  the 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        353 

capture  of  New  Orleans  by  Admiral  Farragut.     He 
was  subsequently  promoted  to  Surgeon,  and  served 
on  various  vessels  and  stations  till   1865,  when  he 
resigned  his  commission,  aid  returned  to  civil  practice 
at  Massillon.     He  remained  there  but  one  year,  when 
he  remov>      to  Kent,  where  he  has  since  resided— 
engaged   i.    the   duties  of  his  profession— with   the 
exception  ol  a  brief  period  spent  in  Cleveland.     He  is 
a  member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  of 
the  Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  and  is  an  honorary 
member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society.     He 
attended  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation in  San  Francisco,  in  1871.     After  the  adjourn- 
ment  of  the  convention,  he  visited  various  places  of 
note  in  California,  including  the  Yosemite  Valley,  the 
geysers,  the  big  trees  and  some  gold  mines;  also  the 
city  of  Salt  Lake  en  route  home.     He  is  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Amelia  L.  Kent,  and  has  two  children  living 
—Emily  J.  ii    1  Joseph  K. 

SMITH    FRANCIS  GURNEY,  M.  D..  of  Phila- 
delphia. Pa., was  born  March  8,  1818.     His  fatherwas 
one  of  six  brothers,  all  of  whom  lived  to  be  octoge- 
narians, and  have  all  celebrated  their  golden  weddings. 
His    preparatory   education   was    conducted   by   the 
'•Storm  King,"  James  P.  Espy,  and  S.  W.  Crawford. 
He   graduated    at  the   University   of    Pennsylvania, 
receiving  the  honors  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.     The  Doc- 
tor's medical  studies  were  pursued  under  the  direction 
of   his   brother,    Dr.  Thomas    Mackie   Smith.     He 
attended  lectures  and  graduated  M.  D.  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  in   1840.    In  1841-42  he  was 


354 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


Resident  Physician  at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and 
afterwards,  at  Will's  Ophthalmic  Hospital.  In  1843 
Dr.  Smith  opened  an  ofifice  in  Philadelphia,  and  soon 
acquired  a  good  practice.  He  devoted  much  attention 
to  obstetrics  and  disea.ses  of  women  and  children. 
Throughout  his  professional  life,  he  has  been  a  careful 
reader  and  laborious  student.  He  translated  and 
made  additions  to  Barth  and  Roger's  Manual  of  Aus- 
cultation and  Percussion,  published  in  1849.  He 
was  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Compendium  of  Medi- 
cine for  Students,  with  Dr.  Neill,  in  1848,  which  has 
had  a  large  Sule  and  passed  through  many  editions. 
For  five  years — from  1849  to  1854 — he  was  one  of 
the  editors  for  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Examiner. 
In  1854  he  was  co-editor  of  the  second  volume  of 
Drake's  Diseases  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  He  also 
edited,  with  additions,  the  three  American  editions  of 
Carpenter's  Human  Physiology,  from  the  fourth  Eng- 
lish edition;  in  1S76,  the  eighth  English  edition;  also 
his  work  on  the  Microscope  in  1856;  Marshall's  Out- 
lines of  Physiology,  Human  and  Comparative,  with 
additions  in  1868.  He  is  the  author  of  experiments 
on  digestion,  performed  on  Alexis  St.  Martin  in  1856. 
Besides  these,  he  has  contributed  many  articles  to  the 
current  medical  journais.  The  Doctor  was  Lecturer 
on  Physiology  in  Philadelphia  Medical  Association, 
and  Professor  of  Physiology  in  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  Pennsylvania  College.  In  1863  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  as  successor  to  Professor 
Samuel  Jackson,  a  position  he  has  filled  with  ability 
and  increasing  reputation.     He  has  continued  to  be  a 


spital,  and 

In  1843 

,  and  soon 

I  attention 

cljildren. 
\  a  careful 
lated  and 
al  of  Aus- 
849.      He 

of  Medi- 
vhich  has 
y  editions. 
IS  one  of 
Examiner. 
olume  of 
He  also 
iditions  of 
urth  Eng- 
ition;  also 
mil's  Out- 
tive,  with 
peri  merits 
1  in  1856. 
;les  to  the 
;  Lecturer 
ssociation, 
1  Depart- 
5  he  was 
ine  in  the 

Professor 
ith  ability 
:d  to  be  a 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        355 

member  of  the  American  Medical  Association  since 
1840,  and  was  Vice-President  in   1870.  and  has  long 
served  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Publ.cat.on;  .s 
a  Medical  Director  in  the  National  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany; Attending  Physician  to  St.  Joseph's,  Kp.scopal 
and  Pennsylvania  Hospitals ;  member  of  the  College  of 
Physicians;  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  .^^fi'^^^.  ^°; 
cietv  of  the  Philadelphia  County  Medical  Society 
of  the  Obstetrical  Society  of  Philadelphia,  of  which 
he  was  the  first  President;  of  the  Pathological  Society 
of  Philadelphia;  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences; 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  and  an  hon- 
orary member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society 
In  1844  Dr.  Smith  was  united  in  marriage  with  Cath- 
erine Madeline  Dutilh.    They  have  four  children- 
three  sons  and  one  daughter.     The  latter.  Anna  Du- 
tilh  accompanied  her  father  to  California,  to  attend 
the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Association  111 
1871      His  oldest  son,  Robert  Meade,  has  graduated 
in  medicine,  and  is  now  a  rising  practitioner  in  Phila- 
delphia. 

STANLEY,  ELWOOD.  M.  D.,  of  Sandusky,  Ohio, 
was  born  on  a  farm  near  Salem,  Columbiana  Co    Octo- 
ber 23   1823.     He  is  the  son  of  Joshua  and  Rachael 
Stanley,  members  of  the  religious  society  of  Priends, 
and  natives  of  Virginia,  who  removed  to  Ohio  and  were 
among  the  early  settlers.     The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  early  left  an  orphan.     His  mother  died  when  he 
was  but  one  year  old;  his  father  nine  years  later. 
The  "Friends"  do  not  neglect  the  orphans  of  their 
members.   In  this  case  they  reared  and  gave  the  Doctor 


356 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


a  good  education  at  the  seminary  at  Mount  Pleasant 
Jefferson   County.     After  leaving   the   academy    he 
taught  in  a  district  school  for  several  terms,  to  raise 
funds  to  pursue  his  medical  studies.     His  preceptors 
vftre  Professors  Kirtland  and  Ackley,  of  Cleveland. 
He  attended  lectures  at  the  Cleveland  Medical  College, 
where  he  graduated  M.  D.  in  1849.     The  same  year  he 
commenced  to   practice    in    Canton,    Stark    County. 
Cholera  prevailed  to  an  alarming  extent  that  year  in 
Sandusky,  and  Dr.  Stanley,  in  July,  volunteered  his 
services  to  those  afflicted  and  removed  to  that  city,  ren- 
dering  most  valuable  and  acceptable  aid.     The  city  of 
Sandusky  has  suffered  severely  from  cholera  on  sev- 
eral other  occasions,  particularly  in  1851  and   1854. 
Throughout  the  epidemic  the  Doctor  was  remarkably 
successful  in  the  treatment  of  the  disease.     His  youth- 
ful vigor,  great  professional  zeal,  and  devotion  to  duty, 
won  him  a  host  of  friends,  which  he  has  always  re- 
tained.    He  has  served  many  years  in  the  Board  of 
Health,  and  no  more  able  officer  could  have  been 
chosen.     He  is  not  only  vigilant,  but  well  informed 
and  persevering,  and  impartial  in  the  discharge  of  his 
duties.     The  front  rank  as  a  health  officer  and  as  a 
courageous  and  skillful  physician  has  been  conceded 
to  him  by  his  professional  brethren  and  by  the  com- 
munity.     Dr.  Stanley  has  not  written  much,  but  has 
nevertheless  given  a  few  good  articles  to  the  medical 
journals.     In  addition  to  being  Health  Officer  for  sev- 
eral years,  he  was  Physician  for  three  years  in  the  In- 
firmary, and  also  Physician  to  the  Sick  Sailors  at  thi.s 
port,  and  is  at  present  Coroner  of  Erie  County,  Ohio. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Sandusky  City  Council,  but 


t  Pleasant 
ademy    he 
lis,  to  raise 
preceptors 
Cleveland, 
al  College, 
ne  year  he 
i    County, 
lat  year  in 
iteered  his 
it  city,  ren- 
rhe  city  of 
:ra  on  sev- 
and   1854. 
amarkably 
-lis  youth- 
m  to  duty, 
always  re- 
2  Board  of 
have  been 
informed 
Tge  of  his 
r  and  as  a 
conceded 
■  the  com- 
h,  but  has 
e  medical 
er  for  sev- 
in  the  In- 
ors  at  this 
tity,  Ohio, 
unci],  but 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        357 

declined.  The  Doctor  is  married  and  has  an  adopted 
son  named  Frank  Stanley.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Erie  County  Medical  Society,  which  he  represented 
at  the  meeting  of  the  American  Medical  Assoc.at.on 
t  San  Francisco,  in  187.  ;  of  the  Ohio  State  Med.cal 
Society;  of  the  American  Medical  Associat.0.1.  and 
an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Med.cal 
Society.  He  has  received  an  adeundam  M.  D.  de- 
gree from  the  Cincinnati  Medical  College. 

STEVENS,  LUMAN  SEELY,  M.  D..  of  Ports- 
mouth.  Ohio,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Jan- 
uary A  182V     He  is  of  Scotch  descent.     His  educa- 
tion'vts  received  at  the  public  schools  of  New  York, 
and  at  the  Academy  of  New  Canaan,  Conn    and  also 
at  the  Collegiate  Institute  at  Spring  Arbor.   M.ch. 
His  medical  degree  was  received  from  the  University 
of  Michigan,  1852.     The  same  year  he  beg^n  to  prac- 
tice at  Monroe  City,  in  the  latter  State.     In  1858.  he 
removed  to  Franklin,  Tenn..  where  he  remained  en- 
gaged in  practice  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  when 
he  removed  to  Toledo,  Ohio.     He  served  as  Surgeon 
with  the  Seventh  Michigan  Regiment  of  Volunteers, 
in  1862-63.     After  leaving  the  Army  he  opened  an 
office  at  Petersburgh,  Mich.,  where  he  remained  m 
practice  from   1864  to   1867.     In  the  latter  year  he 
removed  to  Three  Rivers,  where  he;"3oyed  a  large 
and  responsible  practice.     He  is  now  (October,  1 877,) 
about  to  settle  in  Portsmouth.  Ohio.     He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Michigan  State  Medical   Society,  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  of  the  St.  Joseph  Val- 
ley Medical  Association,  and  an  honorary  member  of 


»j>»j.»Mjm''m"i'»"'"''''*'*'mW* 


■  ■*■ 


358 


moORAI'ltlCAL   SKErCHES. 


the  California  State  Medical  Society.  Dr.  Stevens,  in 
1853,  was  united  in  niarriaj^e  to  Louisa  R.  Flemin^^. 
They  have  one  child,  a  daughter. 

STILLK,  ALFRHI),  M.  D.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa,, 
was  born  in  that  city,  October  30,  18 13.  He  is  a  de- 
scendant on  his  father's  side  of  one  of  the  first  Swedish 
colonists  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  his  mother's 
side  of  Tobias  Wagner,  Chancellor  of  the  University  of 
Tiibingen  in  1658.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  gradu- 
ated A.  B.  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1832, 
and  M.  D.  from  the  same  institution  in  1836.  He  was 
a  private  pupil  of  Dr.  Thomas  Harris,  from  1832  to 
the  ti'.iic  of  his  graduation. 

Ill  1836  he  was  Resident  Physician  in  the  Philadel- 
phia Hospital,  after  which  he  for  two  years  and  a  half 
prosecuted  his  studies  in  Murope.  On  his  return  home 
he  was  Resident  Physician  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hos- 
pital for  two  years,  from  1839  to  1841.  In  the  latter 
year  he  commenced  practice  in  Philadelphia.  I'rom 
1845  to  1851,  Dr.  Stille  was  lecturer  on  General 
Pathology  and  Practice  of  Metlicine  in  the  Philadel- 
phia Association  for  Medical  Improvement;  and  held 
the  chair  of  Theory  and  Practice  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Medical  College  from  1854  until  1859.  In  June,  1864, 
he  was  elected  to  the  same  chair  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  a  position  which  he  still  holds,  and 
has  filled  with  emiiunt  ability.  On  the  organization 
of  .'-'t.  Joseph's  Hospital,  in  1849,  he  was  appointed  one 
of  its  Visiting  Physicians,  and  resigned  the  post  in 
1877.  During  the  civil  war  he  was  one  of  the  Visit- 
ing Physicians  of  the  United  States  Satterlee  Hospital. 


[Stevens,  in 
'-•  i'"lcii)inf(. 


Iphia,  Pa., 
it-'  is  a  clc- 
«t  Svvcclisli 
s  mother's 
livorsity  of 
tell  graclu- 
ia  in  l8j2, 
He  was 
"1    1832  to 


), 


e  Philaclcl- 

ancl  a  half 

-turn  lionic 

vania  Hos- 

1  the  latter 
I'a.  From 
n   General 

2  Philadel- 
and  held 

insylvania 
une,  1864, 
iversity  of 
lolds,  and 
janization 
Jinted  one 
e  post  in 
the  Visit- 
Hospital. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEniCAI.   ASSOCIATION.        359 

From  1865  to  1871,  he  was  one  of  tlie  Physicians  and 
Clinical  Lecturers  in  the  Philatlelpliia  Hospital. 

Notwitlistantlinp;  the  imperious  duties  of  a  teacher 
and  practitioner,  Dr.  Stille  has  found  time  to  do  a  very 
large  amount  of  laborious  literary  work,  all  of  which 
has  given  evidence  of  careful  study,  and  has  been  most 
acceptable  to  the  profession.  In  1844  he  and  Dr.  J. 
F.  Meigs  translated  from  the  French  Andral's"  Patho- 
logical Hamatology."  In  1845,  he  delivered  an  ad- 
dress before  the  Philadelphia  Medical  Association, 
which  was  published  by  request;  in  1846,  one  before 
the  s.uiiti  Association  on  Medical  ICducation  in  the 
United  States,  which  attracted  much  attention  both  at 
home  and  abroad,  anil  in  which  the  lengthened  term 
of  medical  instruction  recently  adopted  by  several 
leading  schools  in  this  country  was  earnestly  advo- 
cated. In  1848  was  published  his  Elements  of  (ieneral 
Pathology,  which  received  high  encomiums  in  this 
country  and  in  I'uropc,  and  was  soon  out  of  i)rint.  A 
second  edition  of  the  work  has  since  been  announced, 
but  has  not  yet  appeared.  In  1850  he  made  a  report 
on  Medical  Literature  to  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation. In  1854  he  delivered  the  Introductory 
Lecture  in  the  Medical  Department  of  Pennsylvania 
College,  and  also  in  1856,  his  theme  on  the  latter  oc- 
casion being  "The  Unity  of  Medicine."  In  1857,  he 
made  the  valedictory  address  to  the  graduates  of  the 
Medical  Class  of  Pennsylvania  College.  In  1859  ''^ 
addressed  the  Linna^an  Association  of  Pennsylvania,  on 
"Humboldt's  Life  and  Character."  In  i860  Dr.  Stille 
published  the  first  edition  of  his  great  work  in  two 
volumes,  on  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  which 


J3 


36o 


niOORAPIIICAI.   SKKTCIIF.S. 


had  up  to  1878  gone  tliroui^h  four  cilitions.  In  1862 
he  published  an  address  on  "  War  as  an  Instrument  of 
Civilization."  In  1863,  when  President  of  the  Phila- 
delphia County  Medical  Society,  he  delivered  an 
address  which  was  printed.  In  1866  a  lecture  on 
Morbid  Anatomy,  as  an  introduction  to  the  clinical 
course  at  the  Philadelphia  Hospital,  was  printed  by  the 
class.  In  1867  he  published  a  valuable  monograph  on 
Epidemic  Meningitis.  In  1871  his  address  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  American  Medical  Ajsociation,  was  pub- 
lished in  the  transactions  and  in  pamphlet  form,  and 
in  1873  a  lecture  on  Epidemic  Cholera.  It  is  an- 
nounced that  there  will  shortly  appear  a  National 
Dispensatory,  of  which  Dr.  Slille  and  Prof  Maisch  are 
to  be  the  authors.  Besides  the  writings  above  men- 
tioned he  contributed  a  paper  on  Dysentery,  to 
tlic  Essays  published  by  the  United  States  Sanitary 
Commission  during  the  civil  war,  and  at  various 
times  many  reviews  and  minor  articles  to  the  medical 
journals.  Dr.  Stille  made  numerous  and  important 
additions  to  the  second  edition  of  Wharton  and  Stille's 
Medical  Jurisprudence,  of  which  his  late  brother,  Dr. 
Moreton  Stille,  was  one  of  the  authors.  By  his  devo- 
tion to  the  best  interests  of  the  profession,  and  by  his 
scientific  and  literary  ability,  he  has  won  the  admira- 
tion of  the  medical  brethren  of  the  United  States, 
from  whom  he  has  received  many  marks  of  respect 
and  gratitude. 

Dr.  Stille  was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  the  conven- 
tion which  founded  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, and  held  the  same  office  for  several  years  in  the 
latter  body;  from  1859  to  1863  he  was  President  of 


.    Ill  1862 

triinicnt  of 
the  Phila- 
livcrcd  an 
lecture  on 
he  clinical 
ited  by  the 
lograph  on 
is  as  I'rcsi- 
I,  was  pub- 
:  form,  and 
It  is  an- 
i  National 
Maisch  are 
bove  men- 
en  tery,  to 
s  Sanitary 
at  various 
lie  medical 
important 
and  Stille's 
rother,  Dr. 
f  his  devo- 
and  by  his 
he  admira- 
ed  States, 
of  respect 

le  conven- 
l  Associa- 
;ars  in  the 
•esident  of 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         36I 

the  I'hiladclpliia  ratholcgical  Society  ;  of  the  Phila- 
delphia County  Medical  Society  in  1 863;  and  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  at  its  meetint;  held  at 
San  Francisco,  in  1871. 

Dr.  Stillc  is  A.  M.  and  M.  D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania;  Hon.  A.  M.,  Yale  University;  and  L.L.  D.. 
Pennsylvania  Collcfrc.     lie  is  a  Fellow,  and  was  for 
some  years  Secretary  of  the  Collet;e  of  Physicians  of 
Philadelphia;  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia  County 
Medical   Society,  and  of  the  Pathological  Society  of 
Philadel[)hia;  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
and    of  the    Historical    Society   of    Pennsylvania;    a 
corresponding  Fellow  of  the  New  York  Academy  of 
Medicine,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  New  York 
Neurological  Society,  and  of  the  Medical  Societies  of 
the  States  of  Rhode  Island,  New  York  and  California. 

STORER,  HORATIO  ROBINSON,  M.  D.,  of 
Boston,  Mass..  was  born  in  that  city,  February  27, 
1830.  He  is  the  son  of  Dr.  D.  Humphreys  Storer,  of 
Boston,  formerly  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Medical 
Jurisprudence  in  Harvard  University,  and  President  of 
the  American  Medical  Association.  His  younger 
brother,  Francis  H.  Storer,  is  Professor  of  Agricul- 
tural Chemistry  at  Harvard. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  attended  the  Boston 
Latin  School  from  1 841  to  1846.  He  then  entered 
Harvard  University,  where  he  graduated  A.  B.  in  1850. 
In  college  he  showed  a  marked  inclination  towards 
the  natural  sciences;  was  President  of  the  Harvard 
Natural  History  Society;  and  was  a  private  pupil  of 
Agassiz  and    Asa   Gray,   and    accompanied    Jeffries 


°*«**°'^^''^'^'^^'''^'*^^ 


tjH 


362 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Wyman  on  a  trip  to  Labrador,  himself  publishing 
a  paper  on  the  fishes  of  that  country  ("  Observations 
on  the  Fishes  of  Nova  Scotia  and  Labrador,  with 
Descriptions  of  New  Species," — Boston  Journal  of 
Natural  History,  1850;  pp.  247-70;  pi.  7-8),  which 
had  previously  been  studied  only  by  Sir  John 
Richardson.  In  this  Dr.  3torer  gave  evidence  of 
the  training  he  had  received  from  his  father,  whose 
celebrated  works  on  the  "Fishes  of  Ma£;sachusetts, 
and  North  America"  were  published  by  the  Amer- 
ican Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  While  still  an 
undergraduate,  he  also  spent  a  summer  in  Russia. 

His  medical  .studies  were  under  the  direction  of  his 
father  and  his  associates  in  the  Tremont  Medical 
School  of  Boston,  the  first  organization  in  this  coun- 
try for  thorough  and  systematic  medical  instruction, 
by  examinations  throughout  the  entire  year;  but,  at 
the  same  time  he  attended  lectures  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege, where  he  received  his  degree  of  M,  D,  in  1853. 
Subsequently,  during  1866-68,  he  also  went  through 
tlie  Harvard  Law  School,  to  better  fit  himself  for 
teaching  Mpdical  Jurisprudence,  receiving  the  degree 
of  LL,  B,  After  his  graduation  in  medicine,  he  went 
to  Europe,  and  spent  two  years  in  study  at  Paris,  Lon- 
don and  Edinburgh,  during  one  year  of  which  he  was 
assistant  in  private  practice  to  Sir  James  Y.  Simpson. 

In  1855  he  returned  to  his  home,  and  opened  an 
office  in  Boston,  where  he  speedily  acquired  a  select 
and  remunerative  practice.  From  the  outset  of  his 
professional  life  he  identified  himself  with  leading 
medical  men  and  medical  institutions,  not  in  Boston 
merely,  but  throughout  the  State  of  Massachusetts. 


jublishing 
jservations 
ador,  with 
Journal   of 
8),   which 
Sir   John 
vidence    of 
her,  whose 
sachu  setts, 
the  Amer- 
ile  still  an 
Russia. 
:tion  of  his 
Jt   Medical 
this  coun- 
instruction, 
ar;  but,  at 
rvard  Col- 
D.  in  1853. 
nt  through 
limself  for 
the  degree 
le,  he  went 
Paris,  Lon- 
ich  he  was 
.  Simpson, 
opened  an 
ed  a  select 
tset  of  his 
h   leading 
in  Boston 
husetts. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        363 

Dr.  Storer  is  a  nan  of  high  culture,  with  a  vigorous 
and  well-trained  mind,  a  ready  and  forcible  writer  and 
a  good  debater.  In  1853  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  and  was  generally 
regular  in  his  attendance;  contributed  papers,  and 
always  took  an  active  part  in  the  proceedings  and 
discussions.  In  1865  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Obstetrics  and  Medical  Jurisprudence  in  the  Berkshire 
Medical  College,  a  position  which  he  filled  satisfac- 
torily until  the  close  of  this  institution  in  1869.  The 
Doctor  had  been  assistant  to  his  father  while  a 
teacher  of  these  branches  in  Harvard  University,  and 
was  therefore  entirely  familiar  with  them.  His  manner 
as  a  lecturer  was  well  calculated  to  arouse  enthusiasm 
in  the  student,  for  he  was  not  only  thorough,  but  prac- 
tical, and  took  occasion  to  give  direct  expositions  of 
uterine  diseases  in  the  living  subject  to  his  class,  Vv'hich 
no  one  had  previously  ventured  to  do,  save  Professor 
J.  P.  White,  of  Buffalo. 

He  was  the  first  in  this  country  (Dr.  Peaslee  hav- 
ing been  the  second),  to  teach  gynaecology  proper, 
as  contra-distinguished  from  obstetrics  or  midwifery, 
his  separate  course  upon  the  diseases  of  women, 
unconnected  with  gestation,  childbed  or  the  puer- 
peral state,  comprising  no  less  than  sixty  lectures. 
For  several  years^  he  gave  at  Boston  a  s^^mi-annual 
course  to  medical  graduates,  upon  the  suigical  diseases 
of  women,  refusing  to  admit  any  applicant  who  was 
not  marked  in  good  standing  in  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association.  These  lectures  were  attended  by 
physicians  from  all  parts  of  the  country. 

With  Drs.  Atlee,  of  Philadelphia,  Peaslee,  of  New 


'  ""^"^'•'•m^tatm'"'''^  -— -■■ 


„S^B^ISM^^SS^ 


364 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


York,  and  Kimball,  of  Lowell,  he  came  to  mono- 
polize the  ovariotomies  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  but  finally,  in  1872,  his  health  failed.  In 
consequence  of  long  continued  and  unremitting 
work,  he  got  an  attack  of  septicasmia,  from  which 
he  barely  escaped  with  his  life.  He  then  went 
to  Europe,  and  there  passed  five  years  (1872-77), 
during  which  he  took  occasion  to  study  practically, 
on  a  very  extended  scale  the  fevers  of  Southern 
Italy.  He  has  now  returned  to  this  country,  and 
for  the  present  has  established  himself,  because  of 
its  comparatively  mild  climate,  and  to  escape  the 
engrossing  work  that  would  have  been  inevitable 
for  him  at  Boston,  at  Newport,  R.  I. 

His  contributions  to  medical  literature  were  early 
marked  by  original  thought  and  earnestness  of  pur- 
pose. In  1856  he  represented  the  Boston  Lying-in 
Hospital  in  the  American  Medical  Association,  and 
became  a  member  of  that  body  at  the  outset  of  his 
professional  career,  and  has  ever  since  been  a  constant 
attendant  at  its  meetings. 

He  attended  the  meeting  of  this  body  held  at  San 
Francisco  in  1 871,  and  was  detained  in  California,  by 
professional  engagements,  until  October.  By  a  special 
invitation  of  the  California  State  Board  of  Health,  he 
delivered  a  lecture  in  the  State  House  at  Sacramento, 
on  "Female  Hygiene."  At  the  urgent  solicitations 
of  the  physicians  of  San  Francisco,  he  repeated  the 
same  lecture,  in  May,  before  a  large  audience  in  that 
city.  This  lecture  was  published  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  California  State  Board  of  Health  for  1871. 

The  great  activity  of  his  professional  life  can  best 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


365 


be  presented  by  giving  a  list  of  the  institutions  to 
which  he  has  been  attached:  Physician  to  the  Boston 
Lying-in  Hospital;  to  St.  F21izabeth's  Hospital  for 
Women,  and  to  St.  Joseph's  Home;  Consulting  Sur- 
geon to  Carney  General  Hospital ;  Surgeon  to  the  New 
England  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children.  A  mem- 
ber of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society;  of  the  Suffolk 
District  Medical  C-  )ciety ;  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences;  of  the  Boston  Society  for  Medical 
Observation;  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Benevolent 
Society;  of  the  Obstetrical  and  Medico-Chirurgical 
Societies  of  Edinburgh ;  one  of  the  founders,  Secretary, 
and  now  President  of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of 
Boston  (which  was  the  first  society  devoted  to  this 
specialty  ever  organized),  and  the  active  editor  of  its 
journal  for  four  years;  corresponding  member  of  the 
Obstetrical  Societies  of  Berlin  and  London ;  also,  of  the 
New  York  Medico  Legal  Society;  honorary  member 
of  the  California  State  Medical  Society,  and  also 
of  the  Canada  Medical  Association,  the  Medical  So- 
ciety of  the  Province  of  New  Bru'^iwick,  the  Louis- 
ville Obstetrical  Society,  and  the  Medical  Society  of 
Sorrento,  Italy.  He  was  admitted  to  the  I'ledical 
Register  of  Great  Britain,  by  vote  of  Brahi.i\  Med- 
ical Council  of  England,  December  t8/6,  ea  Ke 
was  President  of  the  Association  of  Amen.vi).  Medi 
cal  Editors,  and  made  an  admirable  uc'ifjs  befoi  • 
them,  in  San  Francisco,  in  1871.  he  >  is  Prize  Es- 
sayist and  Secretary  of  the  American  Medfca]  Asso- 
ciation in  1865,  and  Vice-President  in  1%!^;  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Massachusetts  Lunacy  Commission  in 
1863,  and  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  tl.c  Mas- 
sachusetts Infant  Asylum  for  Foundlings. 


"""MWIBI 


>^  tMtAMia''ioi&.i  I  jisuau^.  r.VtaSj  ...iMlKM 


a.at'^.oUi;  ^.w.-.-,'.*^ "jiiiAlG*!?* 


366 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  the  medical  works 
and  papers  published  by  Dr.  Storer.  It  has  been  com- 
piled from  the  catalogue  of  the  Surgeon-Generals 
Library,  and  a  list  made  in  1867  by  the  publishers  of 
"  Is  it  I  ?"  and  from  such  medical  periodicals  as  were 
readily  accessible.  As  Dr.  S.  himself  has  kept  no  re- 
cord of  what  he  has  done,  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  some  of  his  papers  may  have  escaped  this  search : 

1855.  "The  Obstetric  Memoirs  and  Contributions  of  Sir  James  Y. 
Simpson,  Professor  of  Midwifery  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh." 
Edited  by  his  assistants,  Drs.  William  O.  Priestley  (afterwards  Profes- 
sor of  Midwifery  in  King's  College,  London,  and  President  of  the 
London  Obstetrical  Society),  and  H.  R.  Storar.  Two  large  volumes. 
Edinburgh,  1855.  Adam  &  Charles  Black.  Reprinted  in  this  coun- 
try in  1856,  with  a  preface  by  Dr.  Storer.  Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lip- 
pi  ncott  &  Co. 

"A  Word  in  Defence  of  an  American  Surgeon"  (Dr.  J.  Mason 
Warren,  of  Boston).  Controversy  with  Dr.  Gillespie,  of  Edinburgh. 
Letter  I.  Read  before  the  Medico-Chirurgical  Society  of  Edinburgh. 
London  Medical  Times  and  Gazette,  May,  1855.  Letter  II.  American 
Journal  of  Medical  Sciences.    Philadelphia,  October,  1855. 

"  Slippery-Elm  Tents  for  Dilatation  of  the  Cervix  Uteri.  Their  First 
Suggestion."  Article  I.  Read  before  the  Medico-Chirurgical  Society 
of  Edinburgh.  Association  Medical  Journal  of  London.  May,  1855. 
Article  II.  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  November,  1855. 

"  Boston  Lyin^-In  Hospital  Reports."  Boston  Medical  and  Surgi- 
cal Journal,  1855,  1856,  etc. 

1856.  "  Cases  Illustrative  of  Obstetric  Disease."  Boston  Medical 
and  Surgical  Journal,  1856  to  ir65. 

"Operations  for  Intra-Mural  Fibrous  Tumor."  Boston  Medical 
and  Surgical  Journal,  September,  1856. 

"  Caustic  Potash  as  an  Application  to  the  Interior  of  the  Uterus ; 
Its  first  Suggestion."  Article  I.  Read  before  the  Suffolk  District 
Medical  Society.  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  0:tober, 
1856.   Article  II.,  Ibid.,October,  1858.  Article  III.,  Ibid.,  July,  1859. 

"  Cases  of  Nymphomania."  Read  before  the  Boston  Society  for 
Medical  Observation,  July,  1856.  American  Journal  of  Medical 
Sciences,  October,  1856. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


367 


M  works 

len  com- 
fenerals 

Isliers  of 
as  were 

k  no  re- 
believe 

search  : 

James  Y. 
inburgh." 


"  New  Form  of  Intra-uterine  Pessary."  Read  before  SiifTolk  District 
Medical  Society.  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  November, 
1856. 

Review  of  Charles  Clay's  "  Complete  Hand-book  of  Obstetric  Sur- 
gery."    Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  November,  1856. 

1857.  "  Removal  of  the  Cervix  Uteri  for  Non-Malignant  Hyper- 
trophy."   New  Hampshire  Journal  of  Medicine,  April,  1857. 

"  Report  of  the  Committee  appointed  by  the  Siitfolk  District  Med- 
ical Society,  to  consider  whether  any  future  legislation  is  necessary 
on  the  subject  of  Criminal  Abortion  ;  and  to  report  to  the  Society  such 
other  means  as  may  seem  necessary  for  the  suppression  of  this  abomi- 
nable, unnatural, yet  common  crime."  Drs.  H.  R.  Storer  (Chairman), 
H.  I.  Bowditch,  Calvin  Ellis.  Read  before  Suffolk  District  Medical 
Society,  M?.y,  1857.    Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  1857. 

"  Vesico-vaginal  Fistula,  and  the  Operations  therefor."  American 
Journal  of  Medical  Sciences.     October,  1857. 

1858.  "  Cupping  the  Interior  of  the  Uterus."  Read  before  Boston 
Society  for  Medical  OI>servation,  February,  1857.  American  Journa[ 
of  Medical  Sciences,  January,  1858. 

1859.  "  The  Use  and  Abuse  of  Uterine  Tents."  American  Journal 
of  Medical  Sciences,  January,  1859. 

"Contributions  to  Obstetric  Jurisprudence"  :  Article  I.  "  Is  Abortion 
ever  a  Crime  ?"  North  American  Medico-Chirurgical  Review,  Phil- 
adelphai,  January,  1859.  Article  II.  Its  "  Frequency,  and  the  causes 
thereof."  Ibid.,  March,  1859.  -Article  III.  "Its  Victims."  Ibid., 
May,  1859.  Article  IV.  "Its  Proofs."  Ibid.  Ai tide  V.  "Its  Perpe- 
trators." Ibid.  Article  VI.  "  Its  Innocent  Abettors."  Ibid.,  July,  1859. 
Article  VII.  "  Its  Obstacles  to  Conviction  '  Ibid.,  September,  1859. 
Article  VIII.  "  Can  ;  Se  at  all  Controlled  by  Law  ?"  Ibid.,  November, 
1859.  The  abc. e  eight  papers  wtre  subsequently  published  in  a  col- 
lective form,  i860,  under  the  title  of"  Criminal  AborMon  in  America." 
P!i:'-.jelphia:  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co, 

"  Cases  Illustrative  of  Criminal  Abortion.'  Read  before  the  Boston 
Society  for  Medical  Observation.  American  Journal  of  the  Medical 
Sciences,  April,  1859. 

"  Tht  Uterine  Dilator :  a  New  Method  of  Reaching  the  Uterine 
Cavity  and  of  Inducing  Premature  Labor."  American  Journal  of  the 
Medical  Sciences,  July,  1859. 

«'  Submucous  Injection  as  a  Cure  for  the  Toothache  of  Pregnancy." 
Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  October,  1859, 


368 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


i860.  Report  of  the  Committee  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, "  to  investigate  the  sul)ject  of  Criminal  Alrortion,  with  a  view  to 
its  general  suppression."  Drs.  H.  R.  Storer,  of  Massachusetts  (Chair- 
man) ;  T.  VV.  Blatchford,  of  New  York ;  Hugh  L.  Hodge,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; E.  H.  Barton,  of  South  Carolina;  A.  Lopez,  of  Alabama;  C. 
A.  Pope,  of  Missouri;  W.  H.  Brisbane,  of  Wisconsin;  A.  J.  Semmes, 
of  District  of  Columbia.  Rendered  at  Louisville,  May,  1859.  Trans- 
actions of  American  Medical  Association,  i860. 

1863.  "Studies  of  Abortion."  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal, 
February,  1863,  etc. 

"Artificial  Dilatation  of  the  Os  and  Cervi>  Uteri,  by  Fluid  Pressure 
from  Above:"  a  Reply  to  Drs.  Keiller.cf  Edinburgh,  and  Arnott  and 
Barnes,  of  London.  Read  before  the  Suiiblk  District  Medical  Society. 
Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  July,  1863. 

"  On  Chloroform  Inhalation  during  Labor  :"  A  Reply  to  Dr.  Robert 
Johns,  of  Dublin.  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  August, 
1863. 

"The  Employment  of  An;csthe;ics  in  Obstetric  Medicine  and  Sur- 
gery." Read  before  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  June,  1863. 
Boston  Medical  a'  d  Surgical  Jruinal,  October,  1863.  The  above 
was  re-published  under  the  title  of  "  Eutokia  :  A  Word  to  Physicians 
and  to  Women  upon  the  Employment  of  Anajsthetics  in  Childbirth." 
1863.     Boston  :  A.  Williams  &  Co. 

1864.  "  The  Surgical  Treatment  of  Amenorrhoea."  American 
Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences.     January,  1864. 

"  R<  port  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Commission  on  Insanity ; 
consisting  of  Hon.  Josiah  Quincy,  Jr.,  of  Boston  ;  Drs.  Alfred  Hitch- 
cock, of  Fitchburg ;  H.  R.  Storer,  of  Boston."  Massachusetts  Legis- 
ialive  Document  (Senate  72).     February,  1864. 

"  The  Medical  Management  of  Insane  Women."  Article  I.  Read 
before  the  Suffjlk  District  Medical  Society,  December,  1863,  and 
-American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  February,  1864.  Boston 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  April,  1864.  Article  II.,  Ibid.,  Octo- 
ber, 1864.  Article  III.,  Ibid.,  November,  1864. 

"  The  Relations  of  Female  Patients  to  Hospitals  for  the  Insane. 
The  Neces.sity  on  their  iiccount  of  a  Board  of  Consulting  Physicians 
to  ever;  Ho.s  iiai."  Read  before  the  American  Medical  Association. 
ico-Tra  .sactioris  of  the  .American  Medical  Association,  1864. 

i8i.>5.  "  The  Causation,  "  "•  e  and  Rational  Treatment  of  Insanity 
in   '.Von  en.    A   Gynsecist's   Idea   thereof."     Report    to    American 


J^'mJ^ 


American 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.         369 

Medical  Association,  as  Chairman  of  its  Standing  Committee  on  In- 
sanity  Transactions  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  1865. 
Reprinted  in  1871,  by  vote  of  the  Association,  under  the  same  title. 
Boston :  Lee  &  Shepard.  .  .  ,    ^      „  1  x*    . 

.'  Contributions  to  Obstetric  Jurisprudence."  Article  IX.     "A  Med- 
ico- Legal  Study  of  Rape."     N.  Y.  Medical  Journal,  November,  1865. 

«  The  Physical  Evils  of  Forced  Abortions."  The  Prize  Essay  to 
which  the  American  Medical  Association  awarded  the  Gold  Medal 
for  1865.  (Dr.  Storer,  however,  declined  to  receive  the  medal  or  its 
equivalent,  $100,  as  the  funds  of  the  Association  were  straitened 
but  preferred  that  the  sum  should  remain  in  its  treasury,  as  a  virtual 
gift  from  himself.)  Transactions  of  American  Medical  Association, 
1865.  The  above  was.  by  vote  of  the  Association,  ordered  to  be  re- 
printed  for  general  circulation,  and  it  appeared  in  1866,  under  the 
title  -f  "  Why  Not  ?  A  Book  for  Every  Woman."  Boston :  Lee  & 
Shepard.      The  successive  editions  have   reached    many  thousand 

copies.  .    .  ...    _.  ■_ 

1866    "Report  to  the  American  Medical  Association  of  its  Dele- 
gate to  the  Association  of  Superintendents  of  Asylums  for  the  Insane. 
Transactions  of  American  Medical  Association,  i866. 

..  Successful  Removal  of  the  Uterus  and  both  Ovaries,  by  Abdominal 
Section  ;  the  tumor,  fibro-cystic,  weighing  thirtyseven  pounds."  Read 
before  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  November  14. 
,865      American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  January,  1866. 

«  Contributions  to  Obstetric  Jurisprudence."  Article  X .  "  The  Abet- 
ment of  Criminal  Abortion  by  Med,cai  Men."  Read  before  the  Mas- 
sachusetts  Medical  Society,  May  30, 1866.  New  Vork  Medical  Jour- 
nal, September,  1866. 

"The  Clamp  Shield:  an  Instrument  designed  to  lessen  certain 
Surgical  Dangers,  more  particularly  those  of  Extirpation  of  the  Uterus 
by  Abdominal  Section."  Article  I.  Transactions  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  1866.  Article  II.  Read  before  the  Massachu- 
setts  Medical  Society,  July  25,  1866.     New  York  Medical  Record, 

October,  1866. 

■'A  New  Operation  for  Umbilical  Hernia,  with  Remarks  upon  Ex- 
ploratory Incisions  of  the  Abdomen."  Article  I.  Read  beiore  the 
Suffolk  District  Medical  Society.  New  York  Medical  Record.  April, 
1866.     Article  II.  Ibid.,  July,  1866. 

<•  The  Unfitness  of  Women  for  Medical  Practitioners."     Letter  of 


iiiMW*"""*""""™" ' " 


370 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Resignation  as  Surgeon  to  the   New  England  Hospital   for  Women 
and  Children.  B  jston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  September,  1866. 

1867.  "  Inebriety  in  Women  ";  an  Appendix  to  the  Treatise  on 
Methominia,  or  Alcoholic  Poisoning,  by  Dr.  Albert  Day,  then  Super- 
intendent of  the  New  York  State  Asylum  for  Inebriates,  at  Bingham- 
ton.     Boston;    James  Campbell,  1867. 

'■  0.1  the  Decrease  of  the  Rate  of  Increase  of  Population  now  Ob- 
taining in  Europe  and  America."  Read  before  the  American  Acad- 
emy of  Arts  and  Sciences,  December  14,  1858.  American  Journal 
of  Science  and  Art  (Silliman's),  New  Hiven,  March,  1867. 

"Is  It  I?  A  Biok  for  Every  Man."  A  companion  to  "  Why 
Not?  A  Bjok  for  Every  Woman."  Presented  to  the  American 
Medical  Association  in  1867.  Bjston,  1867  :  Lee  &  Shepard.  (This 
volume,  intended  like  its  predecessor  to  prevent  uterine  disease  and 
criminal  abortion,  has  had  a  very  extended  circulation.) 

"The  so-called  Chronic  Endometritis,  and  its  Rational  Treatment." 
Read  by  invitation  before  State  Medical  Society  of  New  York. 
Transactions  of  New  York  State  Medical  Society.     1867. 

"Salf  Abuse  in  Women:  Its  Causation  and  Rational  Treatment." 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine.     Indianapolis,  /.ugust  1867. 

"The  Rational  Treatment  of  Gastric  DisturL'inces  luring  Gesta- 
tion."    Detroit  Review  of  Medicine  and  Pharmacy,  November,  1867. 

1868.  "  Criminal  Abortion  :  Its  Nature,  its  Evidence,  and  its  Law." 
By  H.  R.  Storer  and  F.  F.  Heard,  LL.  B.  Boston,  1868:  Little, 
Brown  &  Co. 

"  On  Nurses  and  Nursing,  with  Especial  Reference  to  the  Manage- 
ment of  Sick  Women."  Published  for  the  benefit  of  St,  Elizabeth's 
Hospital  for  Women.     Boston,  1868:  Lee  &  Shepard. 

"  The  Present  Problems  in  Abdominal  Section :  Illustrated  by  a  suc- 
cessful case  of  Double  Ovariotomy."  Canadian  Medical  Journal. 
Montreal,  1868. 

"Pocketing  the  Pedicle :  A  New  and  Successful  Method  of  Treating 
the  Ovarian  Stump  after  Excision."  Article  I.  American  Journal  of 
the  Medical  Sciences.  January,  1868.  Article  II.  Read  by  invita- 
tion before  a  special  meeting  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine, 
December  19,  1867.     New  York  Medical  Record,  Jenuary,  1868. 

"  The  Law  of  Rape."  Quarterly  Journal  of  Psychological  Medi- 
cine and  Medical  Jurisprudence.    January,  1868. 

"  The  Rectum  in  its  Relations  to  Uterine  Disease."  Article  I. 
American  Journal  of  Obstetrics,  New  York,  May,  1868.     Article  II. 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATIOM.        37 1 


for  Women 
jtember,  1866. 

Treatise  on 
I,  then  Super- 
|at  Bingham- 

ion  now  Ob- 
erican  Acad- 
■ican  Journal 
57- 

ion  to  "  Why 
le  American 
:parcl.  (This 
e  disease  and 

Treatment." 
New    York. 

Treatment," 
867. 

luring  Gesta- 
^ember,  1867. 
ind  its  Law." 
1868:  Little, 

the  Manage- 
t.  Elizabeth's 

ited  by  a  suc- 
ical   Journal. 

d  of  Treating 
m  Journal  of 
ad  by  invita- 
of  Medicine, 
ry,  1868. 
}gical  Medi- 

'    Article  I. 
Article  IL 


Ibid.,  Augunt,  1868.  Article  III.  Ibid.,  November,  1868.  Article 
IV.  Ibid.,  February,  1869. 

"Removal  of  Horseshoe  Pessary  (Open  Lever  of  Lodge)  from  the 
Cavity  of  the  Female  Bladder."  Article  I.  Read  before  Suffolk  Dis- 
trict Medical  Society.  New  York  Medical  Record  July,  1868.  Article 
II.  Journal  of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston,  August,  1870, 
and  Ibid.,  October,  1870. 

"A  New  Reversible  (Direct  and  Retracting)  Speculum."  Boston 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  November,  i863.  Journal  of  Gynxco- 
logical  Society  of  Boston,  May,  1870. 

1869.  "The  Frequency  and  Causation  of  Uterine  Disease  in 
America."    Journal  of  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston,  July,  1869. 

"An  Outline  History  of  American  Gynecology."  Article  I.  Journal 
of  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston,  August,  1869.  Article  IL  Ibid., 
November,  1869.     Article  III.  Ibid.,  December,  187 1 . 

"Upon  Pocketing  the  Pedicle  in  Ovariotomy:  A  Reply  to  Certain 
Strictures  by  Dr.  Kimball,  of  I^owell."  Journal  of  Gynaecological  So- 
ciety of  Boston,  September,  1869. 

"A  Defence  of  Dr.  G.  H.  Bixby,  of  Boston,  against  attempted  Os- 
tracism by  the  Censors  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society."  Jour- 
nal of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston.  October,  1869.  Reprinted 
under  the  title  of  "  Fiat  Justitia  Ruat  Ccelum,"  as  an  open  letter  to 
the  Fellows  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society. 

"  Physicians  in  their  Relations  to  Invalid  Women."  Journal  of  the 
Gynaecological  Society  uf  Boston,  November,  1869. 

"  Golden  Rules  for  the  Treatment  of  Ovarian  Disease."  Journal 
of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston,  December,  1869. 

"  Lectures  Introductory  to  a  Course  to  Physicians  upon  the  Surgical 
Diseases  of  Women."  Lecture  I.  Journal  of  the  Gynaecological  So- 
ciety of  Boston,  December  1869.    Lecture  II.  Ibid.,  January,  1870. 

1870.  "  Specialism  and  Especialism  :  Their  Respective  Relations 
to  the  Profession."  Read  before  the  American  Medical  Association, 
1865,  being  a  Miitority  Report  of  the  Committee  upon  Specialism. 
Journal  of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston,  January,  1870. 

"  The  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston  and  Women  Physicians  :" 
A  Reply  to  Mr.  William  Lloyd  Garrison.  Journal  of  the  Gynaecolog- 
ical Society  of  Boston.     February,  1870. 

*'  Reproduction  by  Fissuration,  or  Longitudinal  Division,  in  the 
Human  Species."     Read   before  American  Academy    of  Arts  and 


I 


miimatitm 


37^ 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


pi*tf|j 


Journal  of  the  G.vwccological  Society 


Sciences,  September  14,  1869. 
of  Boston,  March  1870. 

"  The  Surgical  Treatment  of  Hemorrhoids  and  Fistula  in  Ano, 
with  their  Result."  Journal  of  the  Gynxculogical  Society  of  Boston, 
April,  1870. 

"  Notes  to  Dr.  Bixby's  Translation  of  Prof.  L.  Mayer,  on  the  Rela- 
tions of  the  Female  Sexual  Organs  to  Mental  Disease."  Journal  of  the 
Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston,  May,  1870.  Ibid.,  August,  1870. 
Ibid.,  April,  1871. 

"  Lacing  the  Breast :  A  New  Operation  for  Removal  of  the  Mam- 
ma." Journal  of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston.  November, 
1870. 

"The  Mutual  Relations  of  the  Medical  Profession,  Its  Press,  and 
the  Community."  Presidential  Address  at  Annual  Meeting  of  the 
Association  of  Editors  of  American  Medical  Journals.  Delivered  at 
San  Francisco,  May  I,  1871.  Journal  of  Gynaecological  Society  of 
Boston,  June,  187 1. 

"The  Propriety  of  Operating  for  Malignant  Ovarian  Disease." 
Read  before  San  Francisco  Medical  Society,  July  25,  1871.  J0urn.1l  of 
GyntEcological  .Society  of  Boston.     September,  1871. 

"Female  Hygiene."  A  lecture  delivered  in  the  Capitol  at  Sacra- 
mento, and  repeated  at  San  Francisco,  by  request  of  the  State  Board 
of  He.ilth  of  California.  First  Biennial  Report  of  California  State 
Board  of  Health,  1871.  Journal  of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of 
Boston,  January,  1872. 

"The  Massachusetts  State  Medical  Society  and  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association."  Pacific  Medical  and  Surgical  Jourual.  May,  1871. 

1872.  "The  Differential  Diagnosis  of  Anal  Fistula  in  Women, 
more  particularly  with  reference  to  Discovering  the  Inner  Orifice 
where  such  exists."  Journal  of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston, 
March,  1872.' 

«'  Tlic  Gynaecological  Cabinet  of  Harvard  University."  Journal  of 
the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston.     May,  1872. 

1873.  "  Oil  Digital  Eversion  of  the  Rectum,  in  Diagnosis  and  Treat- 
ment."    Londoa  JLincet.  1873. 

1875.  •'  Southern  Italy  as  a  Health  Station  for  Invalids."  Based 
upon  a  Report  rendered  to  the  American  Medical  Association,  in  1874, 
as  Chairman  of  r;  Special  Committee  to  investigate  the  Health  Resorts 
of  Southern  Europe.    Naples,  1875,  Pp.  70  :    Richard  Marghieri. 

1877.  "  T^^  Importance  of  the  Uterine  Ebb  as  a  factor  in  Pelvic  Sur- 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        373 


blogical  Sociely 

jintula   in  Ano, 
liety  of  Uoston, 

|r,  on  the  ReU- 
Journal  of ihe 
August,  1870. 

il  of  the  Mam- 
1.     November, 

Its  Press,  and 
leeting  of  the 
Delivered  at 
:al  Society   of 

ian  Disease." 
(71.  Journal  of 

ipitol  at  .Sacra- 
le  State  Board 
alifurnia  State 
cal  Society  of 

merican  Medi- 
May,  1 871. 
a  in   Women. 
!  Inner  Orifice 
ety  of  Boston, 

."  Journal  of 
)sisand  Treat- 
lids."  Based 
ation.in  1874, 
iealth  Resorts 
Marghieri. 
in  Pelvic  Sur- 


jjery."  Presented  to  the  American  Oynicnologicnl  Society  at  its  first 
Annual  Meeting,  New  York,  September,  13,  1876.  Summarized  in 
Transactions  of  theAmerican  Gynx-cological  Sociely,  Vol.  I.,  p.  22. 
Edinburgh  Medical  Journal,  January,  1877. 

'•  The  Practically  Absolute  Safety  of  I'rofoundiy  Induced  Anses- 
ihesia  in  Childbirth,  as  compared  with  its  Lmploymenl  in  General 
Surgery."     Edinburgh  Medical  Journal,  February,  1877. 

"  Upon  the  Arsenical  Atmospheie  and  Arsenical  Hot  Spring  of  the 
Solfatara  at  Pozzuoli  (near  Naples),  in  the  Treatment  of  Consump- 
tives."    London  Lancet,  September,  1877. 

In  addition  to  the  above.  Professor  Siorer  has  made  m my  shorter 
communications,  some  of  them,  however,  of  consideral  '  ngth,  to 
medical  societies,  upon  a  great  variety  of  Gyntecolog  cs,  has 

reported  a  long  series  of  the  major  pelvic  operations,  ni  written 

home  medical  letters  from  Europe.  ( Vide  Journal  of  the  Gyna:colog. 
ical  Society  of  Boston,  1869-72;  Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Jour- 
nal, 1876,  etc.) 

STORMONT,  DAVID  WASSON,  M.  D.,ofTo- 
peka,  Kansas,  was  born  at  Princeton,  Gibson  Co., 
Indiana,  September  26,  1 820.  His  ancestors  are  of 
Scotch-Irish  stock.  The  Doctor  received  his  academic 
education  at  the  University  of  Indiana,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1842.  He  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures 
at  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  his  second  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  M.  D.,  in 
1845.  In  the  same  year  he  opened  an  office  to  prac- 
tice in  Grand  View,  Illinois,  but  in  1862  removed  to 
Topeka,  Kansas,  where  he  continues  to  reside,  and 
has  a  large  general  practice.  Occasionally  he  has  con- 
tributed articles  to  the  meoica'  journals,  but  is  a  worker 
rather  than  a  writer.  In  1865  he  was  appointed  Re- 
ceiver of  Public  Moneys  in  the  United  States  Land 
Ofifice  at  Topeka,  which  he  held  for  two  years.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Kansas  State  Medical  Society  and 
its  Secretary  in  1866.  He  became  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  in  1858,  and  attended 


f*(i'l  . 


I 


374 


niOfJRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


the  meeting  in  San  Francisco,  California,  in  i87i,and 
has  served  for  years  on  the  Judicial  Council,  and  is  an 
honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical  So- 
ciety. In  1848,  he  was  uniled  in  marriage  to  Jane 
Cree  Smith,  of  Grand  View,  Illinois.  They  have  no 
children.  The  Doctor  was  accompanied  by  his  wife 
to  California,  and  after  the  Convention  adjourned  they 
visited  the  various  places  of  note,  an-  greatly  enjoyed 
their  trip  to  the  Pacific. 

STRONG,  THOMAS  DAVIS,  M.D.,  of  Westfield, 
New  York,  was  born  in  Rui  :and  Co.,  Vermont,  Novem- 
ber 22,  1822.  He  is  a  dii\ct  descendant  of  the  cele- 
brated "  Elder  John  Strong,"  of  Northampton,  Mass., 
The  genealogy  of  this  remarkable  family  has  been 
carefully  kept,  and  preserved  with  pride  by  the  de- 
scendants, who  now  number  over  thirty  thousand,  dis- 
tributed tLrouphout  the  United  States.  The  Doctor 
preparct'  (  r  c  '^e  at  Burr  Seminary,  in  Manchester, 
Vermo  ;  jd  ^  niluated  at  the  University  of  Vermont 
at  P'  -^J^ton,  in  1848.  Having  devoted  himself  to 
the  ,  >y  of  medicine,  he  attended  his  first  course  of 
lectures  at  Castleton  Medical  College,  a  second  and  a 
third  at  Buffalo,  New  York,  where  he  graduated  M.  D., 
in  185 1.  He  commenced  practice  at  Westfield 
in  May  of  the  same  year,  where  he  soon  became  fully 
employed,  and  where  he  still  resides,  giving  all  his 
attention  to  the  duties  of  his  profession.  Dr.  Strong 
served  as  the  Surgeon  of  the  Sixty-eighth  New  York 
Regiment  of  State  troops,  and  was  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners for  locating  the  Insane  Asylum  for  Western 
New  York,  He  is  a  member  of  the  Chautauqua 
County  Medical  Society,  and  of  the  Lake  Erie  Medical 


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ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.         375 

Society,  and  has  been  President  of  both;  a  permanent 
member  of  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society,  and 
an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical  So- 
ciety, He  is  united  in  marriage  to  Lucy  M.  Ainsworth  ; 
they  have  no  children.  He  expresses  himself  as  greatly 
delighted  with  his  trip  to  California,  and  takes  a  lively 
interest  in  the  Rocky  Mountam  Medical  Associatiot^. 

SUTTON,  GEORGE,  M.  D.,  of  Aurora.  Indiana, 
wasborninLondon,  England,  June  16,  1812.  In  1819 
his  parents,  with  their  children,  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  remaining  about  one  year  in  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio,  but  in  the  spring  of  1 820,  removed  to  a  farm 
on  the  White  Water,  in  Franklin  County,  Indiana. 

The  subject  of  this  notice  was  a  farmer's  boy,  and 
all  that  the  term  implies.  At  a  suitable  age  he  attended 
school  in  the  old-fashioned  log  school-house  once  com- 
mon in  new  settlements.  His  mother  died  in  1827, 
and  in  1828  he  was  sent  to  the  Miami  University. 
His  fcfther,  in  1832,  returned  and  took  up  his  abode 
in  Cincinnati.  Here,  in  1833,  George  commenced  his 
professional  studies,  with  Dr.  Jesse  Smith,  who  un- 
fortunately, a  short  time  afterward,  was  stricken  down 
with  cholera  and  died.  He  then  became  a  student  of 
Prof  John  Eberlies,  and  attended  the  private  lec- 
tures of  Professor  S.  D.  Gross.  The  winter  of  1835-36 
was  given  to  the  acquiring  of  a  knowledge  of  anatomy 
in  the  dissecting-room.  In  the  spring  of  1836  he 
received  his  diploma  from  the  Ohio  Medical  College 
after  he  had  attended  the  prescribed  course  of  lectures. 
His  thesis  was  on  the  "  Relation  between  the  Blood, 
and  Vital  Principle."  In  the  spring  of  the  same  year 
he  opened  an  office  at  Aurora,  Indiana,  where  he  has 


imt 


vryi-yr:%_;V[  vf'tK^i%''i--.'\^ri^4-  '^»'t*'AJl'WV^?^*^^t-'?f?' 


376 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


continued  to  reside,  fully  employed  with  a  large  and 
responsible  practice. 

In  1838,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Sarah 
Follre,  of  Aurora.  They  have  five  children — four  sons 
and  one  daughter.  The  latter  and  two  sons  are  living ; 
Mrs.  Sutton  died  in  1868. 

In  1843,  an  epidemic  of  erysipelas,  commonly  known 
as  the  "  black  tongue,"  prevailed  in  Aurora  and  the 
adjacent  neighborhood.  This  disease  was  very  fatal, 
causing  much  alarm  among  the  people,  and  was  care- 
fully studied  by  the  profession.  In  1843,  the  Doctor 
published  his  observations  on  it,  with  cases,  in  the 
Western  Lancet.  "  It  attacked,"  he  said,  "  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  respiratory  passages,  the  tongue,  the 
glands  of  the  throat,  and  the  skin,  in  the  form  of  ery- 
sipelas ;  the  cEsophagus  and  thoracic  viscera,  the  uterus 
and  its  appendages,  producing  puerperal  fever,  as  this 
last  disease  in  several  places  has  accompanied  the 
epidemic."  This  paper  speedily  attracted  attention, 
and  was  republished  by  Nunnerly,  in  his  work  on 
erysipelas,  and  extracts  from  it  have  been  incorporated 
in  Copland's  Medical  Dictionary,  and  referred  to  by 
other  writers. 

A  second  epidemic  of  cholera  visited  Indiana  in 
1849,  causing  many  deaths,  and  greatly  taxed  the  en- 
durance of  the  profession.  The  Doctor  lost  a  son,  and 
had  a  grave  attack  himself,  but  recovered  and  contin- 
ued his  efficient  service  to  the  afflicted. 

In  1844,  Dr.  Sutton  was  instrumental  in  organizing 
the  Dearborn  County  Medical  Society,  which  met  at 
his  house  on  the  first  Monday  of  June  that  year,  and 
continued  for  some  time.  This  society  was  re-organ- 
ized in  1867. 


jfti'ii^ii^'-""-'-'*-^"''^'" 


li  a  large  and 

to  Miss  Sarah 
en — four  sons 
ons  are  living; 

monly  known 
Lirora  and  the 
vas  very  fatal, 
and  was  care- 
3,  the  Doctor 
cases,  in  the 
, "  the  mucous 
he  tongue,  the 
J  form  of  ery- 
sra,  the  uterus 

fever,  as  this 
)mpanied  the 
ted   attention, 

his  work  on 
1  incorporated 
referred  to  by 

:d  Indiana  in 
taxed  the  en- 
lost  a  son,  and 
d  and  contin- 

in  organizing 

which  met  at 

that  year,  and 

was  re-organ- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION,        377 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Indiana  State  Medical  Soci- 
ety, and  as  Chairman  of  a  Committee  made  a  report 
"On  the  Medical  History  of  Cholera  in  Indiana."  In 
his  study  of  the  subject  he  was  very  systematic  and 
thorough,  obtaining  by  means  of  circulars  the  facts 
and  observations  of  a  great  number  of  physicians  on 
the  disease  from  every  part  of  the  State.  This  report 
was  laid  before  the  meeting  of  the  society  in  1853.  It 
contains  all  the  facts  that  could  be  collected,  and 
is  a  most  valuable  contribution  to  the  literature  of 
cholera.  In  this  report  the  Doctor  clearly  enunciated 
the  view  of  the  danger  of  infection  from  the  evacua- 
tions and  its  transportation  and  spread  by  them  in  and 
along  the  lines  of  travel. 

In  1856,  he  presented  a  report  on  erysipelas  to  the 
State  Medical  Society.  The  same  year  he  made  a 
careful  study  of  hog-cholera,  a  disease  at  that  time  be- 
coming prevalent,  causing  death  to  a  large  number  of 
swine  in  Indiana.  He  was  about  the  first  to  study  the 
disease  in  a  systematic  and  careful  way.  His  researches 
were  published  in  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  February, 
14.  1857.  A  more  extended  series  of  experiences  and 
observations  on  the  subject  was  published  in  the  North 
American  Medico- Chiriirgical  Review  for  1858.  He 
was  at  this  time  a  frequent  contributor  and  always 
welcomed  to  the  pages  of  medical  journals.  In  i860, 
Dr.  Sutton  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  on  geol- 
ogy, but  more  particularly  on  the  local  geology 
of  the  neighborhood,  in  behalf  of  the  Mount  Vernon 
La,dies'  Association,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  Ad- 
visory Committee  for  Indiana.  (See  Mount  Vernon 
Record  iot  May,  1859.) 


I 


\:'^f-'" 


37S 


niOGUAPinCAL   SKETCHES. 


A  few  days  after  the  battle  of  Pittsburgh  Landing 
he  tendered  his  services  to  the  United  States  Sanitary 
Commissioners  and  visited  the  field  of  battle.     The 
Doctor  was  assigned  a  surgical  ward  on  one  of  the 
hospital-boats  used  for  conveying  the  wounded  to  per- 
manent hospitals  for  treatment.      In  1867  he  made  a 
report   to   the   State    Medical  Society,  on  the  chol- 
era   as  it   appeared    in    Dearborn,  Ohio,  and    Rip- 
ley  Counties,  in  Indiana,  in   1866.     In   1869,  he  was 
elected  President  of  this  body,  and   presided  at  the 
meeting  in   1870.     On  this  occasion  he  delivered  an 
address  on  "Man's  Power  over  Nature,  and  Medicine 
as  a  means  by  which  he  aids  and  controls  the  Laws  of 
Life."     It  is  published  in  the  Transactions,  and  also 
in  pamphlet  form. 

Dr.  Sutton  was  elected  Mayor  of  Aurora  in  1 862, and 
was  re-elected  three  times,  almost  without  a  dissenting 
vote;  but  as  the  duties  of  this  office  interfered  some- 
what with  his  professional  business, he  declined  a  fourth 
term.     In   1866,  when  the  cholera  was  threatening  to 
become   epidemic,  the    Doctor,  as    President   of  the 
Board   of  Health  of  Aurora,  took   the   most  active 
hygienic  measures  for  the  protection  of  the  citizens ; 
wherever  a  case  was  found  disinfectants  were  freely 
used  in  and  about  the  premises,  thereby  limiting  its 
spread  in  his  own  city.      He    served  the  American 
Medical  Association  for  two  years  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Meteorology  and  Epidemics.     In  1873, 
after  a  correspondence  with  physicians,  he  collected 
information    from  forty-two  counties  in  the  State  of 
Indiana,  upon  the  disease  menti-med,  and  compiled  a 
most  valuable  report  for  the  Indiana  State  Medical  Soci- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        379 


rgh  Landing 
atcs  Sanitary 
battle.     The 
)n  one  of  the 
jnded  to  pcr- 
7  he  made  a 
on  the  chol- 
io,  and    Rip- 
1869,  he  was 
esided  at  the 
dehvered  an 
ind  Medicine 
Is  the  Laws  of 
ions,  and  also 

rain  1862,  and 
it  a  dissenting 
erfered  some- 
clined  a  fourth 
threatening  to 
sident  of  the 
;  most  active 
the  citizens; 
its  were  freely 
ay  limiting  its 
the  American 
lairman  of  the 
lies.  In  1873, 
5,  he  collected 
1  the  State  of 
nd  compiled  a 
z  Medical  Soci- 


ety. He  possesses  an  active,  well-trained  mind,  is  a  close 
observer,  and  has  an  e.Ktensive  acquaintance  with  the 
literature  of  his  profession,  so  that  he  knows  what  is 
valuable,  new,  and  worth  publishing.  All  of  his  papers 
have  the  rare  merit  of  being  original  and  practical.  He 
has  reported  a  number  of  cases  of  the  reduction  of  the 
hip-joint  by  manipulation  of  the  femur  over  a  fulcrum 
placed  in  the  groin,  in  one  of  his  cases  the  limb  had 
remained  twenty-eight  days  out  of  place. 

Dr.  Sutton  is  never  idle,  and  has  a  wonderful  amount 
of  information  on  almost  every  conceivable  subject. 
The  antiquities  of  the  West  early  attracted  his  atten- 
tion, and  led  him  to  make  collections  and  take  notes 
and  make  drawings  of  many  of  the  relic  mounds  and 
fortifications  that  have  since  disappeared  in  the  pro- 
gress and  improvement  of  the  country.  His  collection 
of  antiquities,  fossils,  and  geological  specimens  found 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Aurora  forms  a  cabinet  of  many 
thousands. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Dearborn  County  Medical 
Society,  of  the  Indiana  State  Medical  Society,  and  has 
been  President  of  each  ;  the  Archaslogical  Association 
of  Indiana ;  of  the  American  Medical  A.ssociation  (since 
1856);  of  the  Cincinnati  Society  of  Natural  Histor)'; 
of  the  American  Association  for  the  advancement  of 
Science;  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
and  Ohio  State  Medical  Societies.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  International  Medical  Congress  of  1876. 

The  Doctor  has  written  considerable  for  the  public 
press  on  the  subject  of  schools  and  other  matters  of 
public  interest,  and  has  kept  a  meteorological  journal 
for  over  twenty-five  years,  and  furnished  observations 


m 


HfHfHn^ 


imiiBt'jiiwwu-,ijian!wiiiB.i» 


380 


DIOGRAPIIICAL  SKETCHES. 


to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  from  1859  to  1873. 
The  following  is  a  chronological  list  of  his  chief  pub' 
lications: 

1840.  "  Enlarged  Prostate  Gland,  thickened  and  sacculated  Blad- 
der."    American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  vol.  a6. 

1843.  "  Epidemic  Erysipelas,  known  by  the  popular  name  of  Black 
Tongue."     Western  Lancet,  vol.  a. 

1849.  "A  Summary  of  Symptoms  and  Treatment  of  Asiatic  Chol- 
era."    Pamphlet.     Aurora. 

1852.  "A  Fourth  of  July  Oration,  on  the  Danger  of  the  Dissolution 
of  the  Union." 

1853.  "Report  on  Asiatic  Cholera  to  the  Indiana  Slate  Medical 
Society,  during  the  years  1849,  1850,  i85l,and  1852. 

1856.  "  Report  on  Erysipelas  to  Indiana  State  Medical  Society." 

1857.  "  Investigation  of  the  Dise.ise  prevailing  amongst  Hogs.  Hog 
Cholera."     Cincinnati  Gazette,  January  I4, 1857. 

"  Observiitions  on  the  Diversity  of  Symptoms  in  Scarlatina  Maligna." 
North  American  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Review. 

1858.  "Oh-servationson  the  Supposed  Relations  of  Epirootics  and 
Epidemics ;  with  Experiments."    Ibid. 

1866.  "A  Summary  of  Observations  on  Cholera."  Medical  and 
Surgical  Reporter. 

1867.  "  Report  on  Cholera,  showing  the  extent  of  the  Epidemic  in 
Deail-/orn,  Ripley  and  Ohio  Counties,  Indiana,  1866."  Transactions 
of  the  Indiana  State  Medical  Society, 

1868.  "  Report  on  Cholera."  Ibid.  "Restoration  of  Dislocation  of 
the  Hip-joint  by  making  the  Femur  a  lever  acting  upon  a  fulcrum 
placed  in  the  groin."     Western  Journal  of  Medicine. 

1870.  Address  as  President  of  the  Indiana  State  Medical  Society, 
on  "  Min's  Power  over  Nature."  Transactions  Indiana  State  Medi- 
cal Society. 

1873.  "Observations  on  a  local  Thunder-storm."  American  Jour- 
nal of  Science  and  Art. 

1874.  "Investigations  of  the  Prevalence  of  Trichina  in  Hogs  in 
Dearborn  County,  Indiana."  Aurora  Farmer  and  Mechanic,  re-pub- 
lished in  the  Cincinnati  Commercial  and  Gazette. 

1875.  "  The  Fulcrum  as  an  aid  to  Manipulation  in  the  Reduction 
of  Dislocation  of  the  Hip  Joint."     Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter. 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


38  > 


159  to   1873. 
is  chief  pub* 

iccutated   Dlad- 

>l.  a6. 

ir  name  of  Black 

>f  Asiatic  ChoU 

'the  Dissolution 

na  Slate  Medical 

E. 

dical  Society." 

(igst  Hogs.    Hog 

latina  Maligna." 

r  Epizootics  and 

"     Medical  and 

the  Epidemic  in 
,"    Transactions 

of  Dislocation  of 
upon  a  fulcrum 

Medical  Society, 
iana  State  Medi- 

American  Jour- 

lina  in  Hogs  in 
techanic,  re-pub- 

in  the  Reduction 
irgical  Reporter. 


"  Biogrnphical  Si<etches  of  Isaac  Cesselberry, Thomas  Fry,  and  James 
F.  Debruler."     Transactions  of  the  American  Medical  Association. 

"  Report  on  Trichinosis  to  (he  Indiana  State  Medical  Society." 
Transactions  Indiana  State  Medical  Society. 

1876.  '*  The  Fulcrum  as  an  aid  to  Manipulate  in  the  reduction  of 
Dislocations  of  the  Hip-joint."     American  I'ractitioner. 

"On  the  Reduction  of  Dislocations  of  the  Hip-joint  by  Manipu- 
lating the  Femur  as  a  lever  over  a  fulcrum."  Transactions  Indiana 
Stale  Medical  Society. 

"  Evidences  in  Boone  County,  Kentucky,  of  Glacial  or  Ice  Deposits 
of  two  distinct  and  widely  distant  periods."  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science. 

"  The  Fulcrum  as  an  aid  to  Manipulate  the  Reduction  of  Disloca- 
tions of  the  Hip-joint.     American  Fracitioner. 

SUTTON,  RHODES  STANSBURY,  M.  D.,  of 
Pittsburgh,  was  born  July  8, 1841,  at  Indiana,  Pa.  His 
father  was  a  prominent  business  man,  of  English 
ancestry.  His  mother — a  woman  of  fine  intellectual 
culture — was  descended  from  Scottish  parentage.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen  he  was  placed  in  Tuscarora  Academy. 
After  leaving  this,  he  entered  the  Sophomore  Class  of 
Jefferson  College,  at  Canonsburgh,  and  graduated  at  the 
commencement,  in  July,  1862,  receiving  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  During  his  Senior  year  in  College,  he  studied 
anatomy  and  chemistry  under  Dr.  I.  V.  Herriott,  now 
of  Vandalia,  111.  In  October,  1 862,  he  placed  himself 
under  the  tutorship  of  Professor  Agnew,  and  gradu- 
ated from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  spring 
of  1865,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.  D.  His  first 
course  of  lectures  was  received  at  the  Jefferson  Col- 
lege, during  the  winter  of  1862-63.  The  next  twelve 
months  were  spent  in  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
Federal  Army.  During  the  summer  of  1864  and 
winter  of  1864-65,  he  attended  the  lectures  at  the 


.;«•' 


»£-'!^>ti  iiU-,"A  « 


■vJ«S( 


iv>i»m 


38^  niOORAl'IUCAL  SKETCHES, 

university.     After  graduating,',  he  was  chosen  one  of 
the  Resident  I'hysici.ms  of  Hlockley   Hospital.  West 
I'hiladelphia,  which  position  he  filled  for  seven  months, 
when  he  resigned,  and  began  the  teaching  of  anatomy 
to  medical  students,  in  the  old  rooms  on  Chant  street, 
known  as  the  Philadelphia  School  of  Anatomy.     Ill 
health  compelled  him,  after  two  years  of  incessant  labor, 
(attended,  however,  with  excellent  encouragement,)  to 
quit  the  dissecting  rooms.      He  therefore  sought  a 
new  field  of  labor,  and  in  November,  1866,  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Pittsburgh,  where  he  still 
resides.      Although    still   young,   he   has   performed 
many  important  surgical  operations,  among  which  are 
five  cases  of  ovariotomy.     He   has  also  removed  a 
subperitoneal  fibroid  tumor  of  the  uterus  through  the 
posterior  wall  of  the  vagina.     He  is  a  contributor  to 
the  Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter  of  Philadelphia  and 
the  Chicago  Meaical  ami  Surgical  Examiner.     Wash- 
ington and  Jefferson  College  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  in   1866.     He  is  a  member  of  the 
Allegheny  County  Medical  Society;  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  Medical  Society;  of  the  American  Medical 
Association;  of  the  American  Academy  of  Medicine, 
and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Med- 
cal  Society.     He  is  married,  and  has  two  children — 
Stansbury  and   Eliza.      His  wife  was  the  youngest 
daughter  of  James  McCullough,  of  Canonsburgh,  Pa. 

SWETT,  JOHN  LANGDON,  M.  D.,  of  Newport, 
N.  H.,  was  born  in  the  adjoining  town  of  Claremont, 
February  17,  1 8 10.  His  parents  were  descendants  of 
immigrants   from  the  Isle  of  Wight,  who   came   to 


•T"'-'^~'"' <Wv,t^.,.-«,..,    ,.-.i.,..-,f».^w- 


loscn  one  of 
ospital,  West 
leven  months, 
^  of  anatomy 
Chant  street, 
inatomy.     Ill 
cessant  labor, 
ragement,)  to 
ore  sought  a 
56,  began  the 
where  he  still 
as   performed 
)ng  which  are 
o  removed  a 
s  through  the 
contributor  to 
iladelphia  and 
<titur.     Wash- 
jpon  him  the 
lember  of  the 
the  Pennsyl- 
;rican  Medical 
T  of  Medicine, 
lia  State  Med- 
wo  children — 
the  youngest 
lonsburgh,  Pa. 

>.,  of  Newport, 

of  Claremont, 

iescendants  of 

who   came   to 


KOCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        383 

this    country    and    settled    in    Dcdham,    Mass.,    in 
1637.      l''t)r   more   than   two   centuries    the    various 
branches    of   this    family    have    occupied    reputable 
positions  in  society,  in   letters,  in  the  professions,  and 
under  the  Government.     The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  employed  in  the  duties  of  the  farm  until  eighteen 
years  of  age,  attending  the  public  schools  during  the 
winters.     In  1828  and  1829,  he  was  a  student  at  Wil- 
braham  Academy,  Mass.,  and.  in    1830,  at  Meriden 
Academy,   N.    H.     The   two   following   years   were 
spent  in  teaching,  and  in  further  perfecting  himself  in 
his    classical    studies.       In   the    spring   of    1833,    he 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  super- 
vision of  Drs.  Tolles  and  Kittredge,  practitioners  in 
his  native  town.     He  attended  two  courses  of  lectures 
at  Dartmouth  Medical  College  and  one  at  Jefferson 
College,  Philadelphia,  where  he  received  the  degree 
of  M.  D.  in  March,  1 836.     In  July  of  the  .same  year,  he 
opened  an  office  i.n  Newport,  N.  H.,  where  a  generous 
confidence   and  liberal  patronage  being  accorded   to 
him,  he  has  prosecuted    his  labors  more   than   two 
full  scores  of  years.     In  1841  he  became  a  member  of 
the  New   Hampshire   Medical   Society,  in  which,  as 
elsewhere,  he  has  endeavored  to  promote  the  greatest 
good  and  highest  interest  of  the  profession.     He  has 
been  honored  with  various  positions  in  this  associ- 
ation, including  that  of  its  Presidency  in    1874,  on 
which   occasion   he  delivered   an   address   upon   the 
duties  of  the  profession  in  respect  to  alcoholic  stimu- 
lants.   In  1864  he  served  as  a  Delegate  from  the  New 
Hampshire  Medical  Society  to  the  National  Medical 
Association,  which  met  in  New  York.     Dr.  Swett  has 


mmm 


384 


DIOfiRAPIUCAL   SKETCHES. 


been  twice  married.  In  May,  1842,  to  Sarah  Kliza- 
beth  Kimball,  of  Hradfonl,  N.  II.  She  died  in  June, 
1852,  having  been  the  mother  of  four  children,  two 
only  surviving  Iier — a  daughter,  aged  eight  years,  and 
a  son  of  three  months.  The  son,  William  Kimball 
Swett,  studied  medicine  in  San  Francisco,  with  Dr.  J. 
T.  Whitney,  and  settled  in  Kernville,  Cal.,  where  he 
died  July  15,  1876,  aged  twenty-four  years.  The 
daughter,  Mrs.  C.  C.  Shattuck,  resides  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. His  second  marriage  was  in  June,  1853,  with 
Miss  R.  Beaman,  of  Princeton,  Ma.s.s.,  who  accompa- 
nied him  on  his  trip  to  California.  They  extended 
their  visit  to  various  places  of  note  in  different  parts 
of  the  State,  and,  c»  route,  took  in  Salt  Lake  City. 
The  Doctor  was  much  delighted  with  this  journey, 
and  particularly  with  the  culture  and  hospitality  of 
the  profession  in  California. 

THOMAS,  CHARLES  HERMON,  M.  D.,  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  born  at  Milton,  Saratoga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  December  4,  1839.  His  great-grandfather  set- 
tled a  homestead  in  New  York  State  anterior  to  the 
revolution,  where  several  generations  of  the  family 
have  been  reared,  and  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
passed  his  youth.  He  was  educated  at  the  public 
school,  and  at  Prof  James  Gilmorn's  Academy,  at 
Ballston  Spa.  He  also  spent  some  time  under  instruc- 
tion in  the  laboratory  of  Prof.  E.  L.  Youmans.  Hav- 
ing made  considerable  progress  in  the  study  of  med- 
icine as  a  private  student  of  Dr.  Francis  Gurney 
Smith,  he  entered  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
graduating  in  1865.     In  1866  he  opened  an  office  in 


Hiiirnrf^iM 


a  rah  Kliza- 
cd  in  June, 
lildrcn,  two 
:  years,  and 
m  Kimball 
with  Dr.  J. 
,  where  he 
ears.  Tlie 
San  Fran- 
1853,  with 
>  accompa- 
y  extended 
fcrent  parts 
Lake  City, 
is  journey, 
ipitahty  of 

W.  D.,  of 
ratoga  Co,, 
Jfathcr  set- 
:rior  to  the 
the  family 
this  sketch 
the  public 
:adeniy,  at 
ier  instruc- 
ins.  Hav- 
iy  of  med- 
is  Gurney 
Ivatiia,  and 
in  office  in 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAI.   ASSOCIATION.        385 

Philadelphia,  where  he  cn^fagcd  in  general  [)ractice, 
but  with  a  decided  preference  to  mechanical  medicine 
— that  is,  surgery,  obstetrics,  ophthalmology,  etc. 
He  has  contributed  some  papers  to  the  Transactions 
of  the  Medical  Society  with  which  he  is  associated. 
During  the  last  campaign  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, before  the  surrender  of  the  Southern  Army,  he 
served  as  an  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon.  He  was  res- 
ident Surgeon  of  Wills  Eye  Hospital  for  one  year ; 
lecturer  on  Diseases  of  Women  in  the  Philadelphia 
Lying-in  Charity  for  five  years  ;  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica,  and  Therapeutics,  and  Surgery,  and  Opthal- 
mologist  to  the  Woman's  Hospital  Medical  College 
eight  years.  He  is  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians, a  member  of  the  Pathological  Society,  of  the 
Obstetrical  Society,  being  one  of  its  councilors,  and 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Science.  The  Doctor  is 
married  and  has  one  son.  His  visit  to  California  was 
one  of  pleasure,  and  which  he  refers  to  with  satisfac- 
tion. 

THOMAS,  WILLIAM,  M.  D.,  of  Bellefontaine, 
Ohio,  was  born  in  Washington,  Pa.,  December  i,  1804. 
and  died  at  Bellefontaine,  April  2,  1875.  Up  to  his 
seventeenth  year  he  attended  the  district  schools,  and 
then  entered  the  Washington  College,  where  he  ac- 
quired a  fair  knowledge  of  the  languages  and  the 
higher  mathematics,  but  did  not  complete  a  full  colle- 
giate course,  His  medical  studies  were  pursued  in  the 
office  of  Dr.  Stevens.  He  was  probably  a  graduate 
in  medicine ;  but  where  he  attended  lectures  I  am  not 
informed.     He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 


386 


nior.RAniicAL  sketches. 


a  village  in   his   native  county,  where  he  remamed 
from  four  to  six  years.     About  1834  he  removed  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  practiced  for  about  a  year. 
He  then  removed  to  Logan  county.  Ohio,  and  opened 
an  office  in  LogansviUe,  where  he  practiced  with  suc- 
cess for  fifteen  years.      In    1850  he   removed  to  the 
town  of  Bellefontaine,  but  in  a  great  measure  retired 
from  the  more  hiborious  and  active  duties  of  the  pro- 
fession.    He  was  an  earnest  supporter  of  medical  or- 
ganizations, and  kept  himself  well  informed  in  matters 
pertaining  to  the  profession,  and  was  a  man  of  energy 
and  exact  business  habits.     He  was  united  in  marriage 
in  1 834  to  Frances  Miller,  of  Washington,  Pa.    She  sur- 
vived her  husband  six  months.    They  left  no  children. 
The  Doctor  was  a  member  of  the    Logan  County 
Medical  Society,  and  also  of  the  Ohio  State  Medical 
Society.     The  latter  he  represented  in  the  American 
Medical  Association  at  its  meeting  in  San  Franci-sco, 
Cal.,  in  1 87 1.     He  was  also  an  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society.    His  wife  accom- 
panied him  on  his  trip  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

THOMPSON,  GEORGE   H.,  M.  D.,  of  Boston, 
Mass. 

THRALL,  SENECA  BROWN,  M.  D.,  of  Ot- 
tumwa,  Iowa,  was  born  in  Utica,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio, 
August  9,  1832.  His  father,  the  late  Professor  H.  L. 
Thrall,  of  Kenyon  College,  was  well  known  through- 
out the  West  for  his  general  scientific  attainments,  as 
well  as  for  his  skill  as  a  physician,  having  filled  the 
chairs  of  Chemistry  and  Geology  in  that  institution, 


.Jiis^<~^'»:Mf.m-''mm:^i-^i 


IF.S, 

icrt  lie  remained 
[4  he  removed  to 
for  about  a  year. 
Ohio,  and  opened 
)racticed  with  siic- 
2  removed  to  the 
it  measure  retired 
duties  of  the  pro- 
ter  of  medical  or- 
nformed  in  matters 
IS  a  man  of  energy 
united  in  marriage 
igton.Pa.   Shesur- 
ley  left  no  children, 
he    Logan  County 
)hio  State  Medical 
d  in  the  American 
in  San  Francisco, 
)norary  member  of 
y.    His  wife  accom- 
ic  coast. 

M.  D.,  of  Boston, 


'N,  M.  D.,  of  Ot- 
Licking  Co.,  Ohio, 
late  Professor  H.  L. 
ell  known  through- 
itific  attainments,  as 
in,  having  filled  the 
y  in  that  institution, 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        387 

from  1840  to  1852;  the  chair  of  Materia  Medica  and 
General  Pathology  in  the  Starling  Medical  College, 
Columbus,  in  1855-56,  the  honorary  degree  of  M.  D. 
having  been  conferred  on  him  by  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  New  York  in  1844.     The 
subject  of  this  sketch  passed  through  all  the  depart- 
ments of  Kenyon  College,  graduating  A.  13.  in   185 1 
and  A.  M.  in  1855.     He  had  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  with  his  father,  in  1849;  attended  a  course 
of  lectures  at  Starling  Medical  College,  1851-52,  and 
then  at  the  University  of  New  York,  where  he  gradu- 
ated M.  D.  in   1853.     He  had  begun  to  practice  the 
year  previous    with    his    father  in    Columbus,  Ohio, 
where  he  returned   after  obtaining    his  degree.      In 
April,  1854,  he  removed  to  Belle   Centre,  in  Logan 
County,  where  he  resided  till  November,  1855,  when 
he  returned  to  Columbus.     In  May,  1 856,  he  removed 
to  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  where  he  is  in  the  enjoyment  of  a 
large  and  responsible  practice.     The  city  had  at  that 
time  a  population  of  but  nine  hundred,  and  there  were 
fifteen  nominal  physicians,  who  were  candidates  for  its 
practice.     Now  the  population  is  ten  thousand,  and 
there  are  thirty  physicians  of  all  sorts.    The  Doctor 
is  a  member  of  the  Wapello  County  Medical  Society, 
and  was  President  of  it  in  1 87 1;  of  the  Iowa  State 
Medical  Society  since  1856,  its  Secretary  in  1864.  its 
Mesident  in  1869,  and  President /;v  tempore  in  1870. 
He  was  again  elected  Secretary  in  1873,  and  annually 
re-elected  till  1877.     He  was  a  Delegate  of  the  Amer- 
ican   Medical   Association,   at  the    meeting    in   San 
Francisco,  in  1 871,  and  is  an  honorary  member  of  the 
California  State  Medical  Society.     On  his  visit  to  the 


m 


-ismmm 


388 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Pacific  coast,  he  made  short  excursions  to  places  of 
note,  and  stopped  at  Salt  Lake  City  en  route.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Des  Moines  Valley  Association; 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  for  fifteen 
years  has  been  a  member  of  the  City  School  Board. 
The  Doctor  has  contributed  a  few  papers  to  medical 
literature  and  delivered  some  admirable  addresses  to 
the  State  and  county  medical  societies,  which  are  con- 
tained in  their  Transactions.  He  also  wrote  a  report 
of  the  epidemic  in  Wapello  County,  Iowa,  in  1876. 
In  February,  1862,  he  was  appointed  a  Surgeon  in 
the  Military  Hospital  at  Keokuk.  In  November  of 
that  year  he  was  commissioned  Assistant  Surgeon  of 
the  Thirteenth  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served 
with  it  in  the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps  until  May, 
1864,  when  he  returned  home  and  resumed  private 
practice.  In  May,  1856,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Mary  Brooks,  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  They  have  three 
children — Frank  B.,  Nellie  and  Homer  N. 


TONER,  JOSEPH  MEREDITH,  M.  D.,  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  was  born  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  April  30, 
1825.  He  is  the  elder  of  two  sons,  the  only  surviv- 
ing children  of  Meredith  and  Ann  (Layton)  Toner. 
Both  his  parents  were  natives  of  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. His  father  grew  up  in  Lancaster  County,  and 
was  raised  to  agriculture.  His  mother,  Ann,  daugh- 
ter of  James  Layton,  was  born  in  Fayette  county, 
near  the  present  site  of  Layton  Station,  on  the  Con- 
nellsville  Railroad. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  his  early  educa- 
tion at  the  common  schools  of  the  city  of  Pittsburgh, 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        389 


0  places  of 
ute.  He  is 
Lssociation ; 

1  for  fifteen 
lool  Board. 
1  to  medical 
ddresses  to 
ch  are  con- 
3te  a  report 
a,  in  1876. 
Surgeon  in 
oveniber  of 
Surgeon  of 
and  served 
until  May, 

ried  private 
marriage  to 
have  three 


).,ofWasL- 
.,  April  30, 
>nly  surviv- 
:on)  Toner, 
of  Pennsyl- 
lounty,  and 
nn,  daugh- 
tte  county, 
1  the  Con- 

arly  educa- 
Pittsburgh, 


and  of  Westmoreland  county,  his  childhood  being 
passed  partly  in  each  of  these  localities.  Subse- 
quently he  attended  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Uni- 
versity for  a  year,  and  was  then  sent  to  Mount  St. 
Mary's  Col'ege,  where  he  continued  his  studies  for 
two  years  longer,  but  left  without  having  completed 
a  classical  course.  After  this  he  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile pursuits  for  a  short  time,  but  as  his  mind  devel- 
oped he  was  gradually  led  to  a  recognition  of  a  pref- 
erence for  the  medical  profession. 

In  the  autumn  of  1847  he  began  the  study  of  med- 
icine with  Dr.  John  Lovvman,  the  leading  physician 
of  Johnstown,  Pa.  The  office  of  his  preceptor  offered 
exceptionally  good  opportunities  for  a  certain  class  of 
clinical  instruction.  It  was  usual  in  those  days  for 
the  senior  student  to  compound  his  preceptor's  pre- 
scriptions to  assist  in  surgical  operations,  and  occasion- 
ally to  visit  with  him  the  sick-room. 

Dr.  Toner  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  in  Philadelphia  in  the  winter 
of  1849-50.  At  the  close  of  this  term,  he  entered 
(March  l,  1850,)  the  Vermont  Medical  College  at 
Woodstock,  and  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine  from  this  institution  in  June,  1850.  In  July 
of  this  year  he  began  to  practice  at  Summitville,  a  vil- 
lage of  about  three  hundred  and  fifty  or  four  hundred 
inhabitants,  situated  at  the  summit  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  on  the  Portage  Railroad,  in  Cambria 
county.  Pa. 

The  physician  who  had  practiced  in  this  place  for 
many  years  (Dr.  Christy)  had  died  in  the  previous 
month.    A  circuit  of  about  ten  miles  was  thus  left 


300 


niOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


without  a  medical  man,  which  Dr.  Toner  was  solicited 
and  advised  to  occupy.  The  building  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Central  Railroad  through  the  Alleghany 
mountains  began  about  this  time,  giving  an  impetus 
to  business  and  causing  a  temporary  increase  of  pop- 
ulation of  the  village  and  its  vicinity.  The  Doctor 
soon  found  his  time  fully  occupied  in  general  practice. 

As  might  be  expected  on  heavy  railroad  work,  such 
as  that  on  this  mountain,  muny  accidents  occurred, 
requiring  prompt  surgical  inccrference,  much  of  which 
fell  to  his  care  This  led  him  for  the  time  to  give 
a  preference  to  surgery,  and  induced  him  to  spend 
another  winter  in  Philadelphia,  to  further  perfect  him- 
self in  that  branch.  After  attending  this,  a  third 
course  of  lectures,  he  received  the  degree  of  M.  D., 
from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  in  the  spring  of  1853, 
In  the  fall  of  the  same  year  he  removed  to  the  city  of 
Pittsburgh,  and  was  in  practice  there  during  the  chol- 
era epidemic  of  1854. 

Although  his  prospect  of  acquiring  a  fair  practice 
was  encouraging,  he  determined  to  go  South,  and 
after  spending  a  few  months  with  his  mother  on  the 
homestead  farm  in  Westmoreland  county,  at  the  ear- 
nest invitation  of  a  college  friend,  the  Hon.  William 
Walsh,  now  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  he  removed  in 
1855  to  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.  At  this  place  in  a 
short  time  he  was  busily  engaged  in  practice.  While 
located  there  during  the  autumn  of  this  year,  the 
yellow  fever  prevailed  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  Dr.  Toner 
tendered  his  services  to  that  afflicted  city,  but  suffi- 
cient medical  aid  had  previously  been  secured.  But 
a  residence  of  six  months  at  Harper's  Ferry  convinced 


£dyS&m- 


vas  solicited 
f  the  Penn- 
Alleghany 
an  impetus 
sase  of  pop- 
The  Doctor 
;ral  practice. 
i  work,  such 
ts  occurred, 
ich  of  which 
ime  to  give 
m  to  spend 
perfect  hini' 
:his,  a  third 
ee  of  M.  D., 
-ingof  1853. 
o  the  city  of 
ng  the  chol- 

fair  practice 
South,  and 
)ther  on  the 
^,  at  the  ear- 
Ion.  Wilham 
removed   in 
place   in   a 
:tice.     While 
lis  year,  the 
id  Dr.  Toner 
ty,  but  suffi- 
icured.     But 
ry  convinced 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         39I 

him  that  the  place  was  too  small  for  any  considerable 
professional  advancement.  He  accordingly  took  up 
his  present  residence  in  Washington  on  the  7th  of 
November,  1855. 

An  earnest  .student  himself,  Dr.  Toner  early  be- 
came sensible  of  the  embarrassment  to  the  acquisition 
of  knowledge,  caused  by  a  want  of  books.     He  there- 
fore began  the  collection  of  a  medical  library,  which 
has  grown  to  be  one  of  the  largest  and  most  valuable 
private  collections  in  the  country,  and  certainly  south 
of  Philadelphia.  He  has  succeeded  in  bringing  together 
much  of  the  literature  on  cholera,  yellow  fever,  and 
the  other  epidemics  which  have  visited  our  country. 
The  local  histories  of  cities,  towns,  counties,  and  of 
the  states,  as  they  contain  much  medical  biography, 
accounts  of  local  epidemics  and  topographical   infor- 
mation, are  for  this  reason  included   in   his   library. 
His  collection  of  American  medical  journals  is  the 
most  complete  in  the  country,  if  we  except  that  of 
the  library  of  the  Surgeon-General,  and  that  of  Dr. 
Purple,  of  New  York. 

He  conceived  the  idea  of  forming  a  subject  index 
of  the  contents  of  all  the  American  medical  journals, 
and  has  completed  the  task  up  to  1870,  covering  ixty- 
five  complete  files,  thus  greatly  increasing  their  value 
for  reference.  This  index  includes  everything  of  im- 
portance contained  in  them,  whether  original  or 
selected  matter,  and  thus  differs  from  a  somewhat 
similar  work  which  is  being  carried  on  by  Dr.  Billings 
of  the  Surgeon-General's  Office.  Dr.  Toner's  work 
is  an  index,  properly  so-called,  which  will  be  of 
special  value  to  all  possessors  of  files  of  ilie  leading 


..«gWH«W 


392 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


American  medical  periodicals,  while  the  work  of  Dr. 
Billings  is  rather  a  catalogue  of  all  original  papers 
alone  in  medical  journals  of  all  languages. 

Dr.  Toner  has  been  an  active  collector  of  the  con- 
tributions of  American  medical  authors,  particularly 
those  of  early  date.  He  has  also  paid  attention  to 
the  collection  of  reports  and  Transactions  of  State  and 
local  medical  societies,  the  publications  of  various 
boards  of  health,  and  other  matters  pertaining  in  any 
wise  to  medical  and  sanitary  science.  His  library 
has  always  been  at  the  service  of  the  profession  of 
Washington.  In  1865,  on  the  appearance  of  cholera 
in  the  United  States,  the  Doctor  published  a  list  of 
the  works  in  his  collection  treating  upon  this  disease, 
and  tendering  their  use  to  the  profession.  He  had 
numerous  applications  from  a  distance;  the  books 
were  sent  by  mail  or  by  express  as  requested.  They 
were  all  returned  without  loss  or  injury.  It  may  be 
added  that  the  Doctor  has  shown  not  only  judgment 
in  collecting,  but  also  ability  in  using  his  books,  as  is 
shown  by  his  several  publications. 

When  engaged  on  special  studies,  Dr.  Toner  may 
be  found  at  his  desk  at  almost  any  hour  of  the  day  or 
night,  with  literally  stacks  of  books  around  him.  He 
has  almost  daily  application?  for  iiiformation  by  med- 
ical gendemen  residing  in  different  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, who  are  engaged  in  special  studies.  The  very 
general  recognition  of  his  ability  and  readiness  to  help 
others  has  imposed  upon  him  much  labor  and  a  very 
large  correspondence. 

The  Doctor  is  fond  of  statistics,  and  has  skill  to 
analyze  what  would  be  to  many  persons  incongruous 


vork  of  Dr. 
[inal  papers 

of  the  con- 
particularly 
ittention  to 
)f  State  and 

of  various 
ning  in  any 
His  library 
rofession  of 
:  of  cholera 
d  a  list  of 
his  disease, 
I.     He  had 

the  books 
ted.     They 

It  may  be 

judgment 

}Ooks,  as  is 

Toner  may 
"  the  day  or 
1  him.  He 
on  by  med- 
f  the  coun- 
The  very 
less  to  help 
and  u  very 

las  skill  to 
ncongruous 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         393 

data,  and  to  classify  and  bring  together  related  facts 
and  reduce  them  into  comprehensive  tables  or  dia- 
grams. His  extensive  range  of  reading  and  familiar- 
ity with  medical  literature  and  the  wants  of  the  pro- 
fession are  constantly  leading  him  into  new  lines  of 
inquiry,  which  he  pursues  with  earnestness  and  suc- 
cess. 

Shortly  after  coming  to  Washington,  Dr.  Toner  be- 
came connected  with  the  Medical  Society,  and  also 
with  the  Medical  Association  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  has  been  an  active  co-laborer  in  them, 
and  has  been  honored  by  them  with  their  highest 
offices.  On  retiring  from  the  Presidency  of  the  Med- 
ical Society,  in  1870,  in  accordance  with  the  usage  of 
that  body,  he  read  an  address  in  which  he  discussed 
the  vital  statistics  of  the  United  States  from  the  foun- 
dation of  the  government  to  1870.-  A  synopsis  of 
the  part  of  this  paper  which  related  to  population  was 
published  with  plates  and  diagrams  by  the  Bureau  of 
Education,  in  1872. 

The  Medical  Society  of  the  District  of  Columbia 
was  chartered  by  Congress  in  18 17,  but  anterior  to 
1862  it  exhibited  but  little  enterprise,  rarely  meeting 
oftener  than  once  or  twice  a  year,  to  elect  officers  and 
and  to  preserve  its  chartered  existence.  About  this 
time  a  few  active  spirits,  among  whom  was  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  conceived  the  idea  of  arousing  it 
into  a  recognition  of  the  fact  that  it  was  a  literary  as 
well  as  a  licensing  body.  The  attempt  was  success- 
ful ;  the  society  awoke  to  active  exertions,  and  has 
continued  to  hold  weekly  meetings,  where  pathological 
specimens  are  exhibited  and  described,  and  papers  on 
medical  subjects  are  read  and  discussed. 


IW^-W 


394 


niOCiKAPIlICAL   SKE'rCtlE-S. 


Since  1864  the  Doctor  has  been  a  member  of  and 
a  constant  attendant  at  the  meetings  of  the  American 
Medical  Association.  He  has  served  on  various  im- 
portant committees,  read  papers  at  its  meetings,  and 
has  interested  himself  in  the  current  proceedings 
and  deliberations  of  the  body.  He  was  elected  Pres- 
ident in  1873,  and  in  the  following  June,  at  Detroit, 
he  delivered  a  well-considered  and  suggestive  address, 
which  elicited  commendatory  notices  from  the  medi- 
cal press  of  the  country.  Few  professional  men  are 
more  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  interests  and 
objects  of  the  association  and  are  more  zealous  to 
promote  its  efficiency  for  good  than  Dr.  Toner. 

Aware  of  the  perishable  character  of  much  of  our 
early  original  medical  literature  which  has  been  issued 
only  in  pamphlets  and  journals,  and  feeling  the  neces- 
sity of  an  extensive  and  convenient  national  medical 
repository  which  should  be  under  the  management  of 
and  available  to  the  profession  at  large,  he  devised  the 
scheme  for  a  repository  of  medical  works  that  should  be 
under  the  control  of  the  profession  of  the  United  States, 
and  be  located  at  the  national  capital.  As  initiative 
of  the  project,  he  in  1868  prepared  a  resolution  to 
consider  the  matter,  which  was  adopted  by  the  As- 
sociation. A  committee  was  appointed  to  report  at 
the  next  meeting  "  on  the  practicability  of  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  library  of  American  medical  works,  in- 
cluding books,  monographs,  periodicals,"  etc.,  by  the 
American  Medical  Association.  The  Doctor  was  made 
chairman  of  the  committee,  and  in  1869,  his  report 
was  read  at  New  Orleans,  in  which  he  strongly  recom- 
mended the  measure.     The  report  also  set  forth  the 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


395 


ibcr  of  and 
e  American 

various  im- 
ectings,  and 
proceedings 
lectcd  Pres- 
:,  at  Detroit, 
tive  address, 
m  the  mcdi- 
lal  men  are 
te  rests  and 
i  zealous  to 
roner. 
nuch  of  our 

been  issued 
g  the  neces- 
>nal  medical 
nagement  of 
2  devised  the 
lat  should  be 
Jnited  States, 
As  initiative 
•esolution  to 

by  the  As- 

to  report  at 
af  the  estab- 
;al  works,  in- 
'  etc.,  by  the 
tor  was  made 
9,  his  report 
Dngly  recom- 
set  forth  the 


means  by  which  such  a  collection  might  be  formed 
and  augmented.  It  was  accepted  by  the  Association, 
and  the  formation  of  a  "national  medical  library"  was 
commenced.  This  collection  of  works  is  now  depos- 
ited in  a  room  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  has 
reached  the  number  of  about  two  thousand  volumes, 
including  pamphlets.  Since  that  time,  the  "  Library 
of  the  Surgeon-General,"  as  it  is  usually  termed,  has 
been  created.  This  collection  is  properly  a  branch  of 
the  Library  of  Congress,  though  at  present  under  the 
care  of  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  army.  Through 
the  energy  and  ability  of  Surgeon  J.  S.  Billings,  it  has 
been  brought  to  extraordinary  completeness,  and 
being  opened  to  the  profession  of  the  country  has,  to 
some  extent,  superseded  the  necessity  of  immediate  or 
special  exertions  in  founding  the  medical  repository  of 
the  American  Medical  Association,  the  one  to  some  de- 
gree appearing  to  duplicate  the  purposes  of  the  other. 
But  a  perusal  of  the  report  referred  to  and  the  accom- 
panying documents  will  not  fail  to  impress  the  idea 
that  the  formation  of  a  great  American  library  is  here 
foreshadowed,  and  that  the  National  Medical  Library, 
under  the  care  of  the  Surgeon-General,  and  the  pride 
of  the  profession  of  the  United  States,  has  resulted 
from  the  action  of  the  American  Medical  Association. 
As  evidencing  the  consideration  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  has  given  to  the  efficient  working  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  we  will  allude  to  his 
action  in  1865,  in  proposing  an  amendment  to  the 
plan  of  organization,  which  secured  an  increased 
annual  assessment  on  each  member.  This  furnishes 
a  fund  that  enables  the  society  to  pay  all  its  current 


I 


3g6  niOGKAPHICAI.   SKETCHES. 

expenses,  including  rent  of  a  meeting  hall  and  the 
publication  of  its  Transactions.  Harassing  appeals 
for  additional  contributions  and  depend«;nce  upon 
eleemosynary  aid  from  members  and  from  the  profes- 
sion at  the  localities  visited,  were  thus  dispensed  with, 
thereby  elevating  the  society  at  once  to  the  plane  of 
an  independent  and  self-sustaining  body,  and  making 
it  a  welcome  visitor  to  every  city.  His  counsel  for 
good  in  the  affairs  of  the  association  is  not  confined  to 
this  measure  alone,  but  may  be  seen  in  nearly  every 
volume  of  the  society's  Transactions,  and  his  judg- 
ment is  appreciated  by  all  the  leading  members  and 
friends  of  progressive  medicine  throughout  the  United 

States. 

Prompted  by  a  desire  to  encourage  students  to 
aspire  to  a  higher  and  more  scientific  education  in  the 
profession,  and  being  impressed  with  the  idea  that 
much  remained  to  be  effected  for  the  encouragement 
of  special  and  original  studies,  perhaps  through  other 
means  than  those  in  vogue.  Dr.  Toner  founded  in 
1872,  by  endowment,  the  "Toner  Lectures."  "Be- 
lieving," writes  the  founder, "  that  the  advancement  of 
science  (that  is,  a  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  nature,  in 
any  part  of  her  domain),  and  specially  such  discoveries 
as  contribute  to  the  advancement  of  medicine,  tend  to 
ameliorate  the  condition  of  mankind,"  he  therefore 
set  aside  a  fund,  the  interest  of  which  was  mainly  to 
be  used  in  maintaining  the  "  Toner  Lectures,"  to  be 
delivered  annually  in  Washington,  to  consist  of  a 
series  of  discoveries,  memoirs  or  lectures,  which 
"should  contain  some  new  truth  or  discovery,  based 
on  original  investigation,"  which  were,  if  approved,  to 


ill  and  the 
ing  appeals 
once  upon 
I  the  profes- 
>cn.sc(J  with, 
lie  plane  of 
uid  making 
counsel  for 
:  confined  to 
icarly  every 
d  his  judg- 
icmbers  and 
tthe  United 

students  to 
:ation  in  the 
ic  idea  that 
:ouragement 
irough  other 
founded  in 
ires."  "Be- 
ancenient  of 
of  nature,  in 
1  discoveries 
cine,  tend  to 
he  therefore 
IS  mainly  to 
tures,"  to  be 
consist  of  a 
tures,  which 
lovery,  based 
approved,  to 


ROCKY    MOCNTAIN    MEDICAI.   ASSOCIATION.        397 

be  published.  This  fund  has  been  placed  under  the 
control  of  five  trustees.  .Six  lectures  have  already 
been  delivered.  They  have  all  been  accepted  for  pub- 
lication "as  additions  to  knowledge,"  and  printed  by 
the  Smithsonian  Institution.  This  is  the  first  attempt 
to  endow  a  course  of  lectures  based  on  the  conditions 
of  adding  new  facts  for  the  advancement  of  medicine, 
and  it  is  heartily  to  be  desired,  that  it  will  continue  to 
occupy  the  advance  ground  of  medical  progress  and 
encourage  original  research. 

With  the  same  philanthropic  desire  to  induce  stu- 
dents to  work  on  original  lines  of  investigation  and 
by  experiment,  and  to  make  discoveries,  to  promote 
laudable  emulation  among  them,  he  has  furnished  for 
three  years  a  gold  medal  which  was  competed  for 
by  the  students  of  Jefferson  Medical  College.  This 
medal  to  be  awarded  for  the  best  thesis  embodying 
the  results  of  original  investigation,  experiment,  or 
research  in  some  branch  of  medical  science.  On 
the  occasion  of  the  presentation  of  the  first  one  in 
March,  1875,  the  Doctor  made  a  few  pertinent  re- 
marks, very  tersely  setting  forth  his  views  in  regard 
to  the  value  of  experiment  and  research,  and  their 
necessity  for  scientific  advancement,  and  his  belief  that 
the  most  brilliant  successes  in  this  direction  are  to  t>e 
achieved  by  the  young  men  of  the  profession.  These 
remarks  are  published  at  length  in  the  Philadelphia 
Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter  of  that  date. 

He  has  also  for  some  years  past,  placed  at  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Faculty  of  the  University  of  Georgetown, 
D.  C,  a  medal,  to  be  awarded  at  the  annual  com- 
mencement, to  the  student  showing  the  greatest  pro- 
ficiency in  the  natural  and  physical  sciences. 


398 


IlIOfiKAl'HICAL   SKETCHES. 


When  the  incre.isintj  tlensiiy  of  population  in    our 
cities    bej;;ui  seriously  to    threaten    the    stability    of 
the  public  health  and  sanitary  science  and  their  in- 
fluence in  preventing  diseases  bcjjan  to  be  discussed, 
Dr.  Toner's  attention  was  at  once  drawn  to  the  study 
of  preventive  medicine.     He  soon  gave  several  e.s.say.s 
and  monographs  to  the  public,  including  papers  on 
malarious,  endemic,  or  septicemic  poisons.    Beginning 
in  1865  with  the  consideration  of  compulsory  vaccina- 
tion, he  followed   with  papers  on  cholera,  quarantine, 
yellow  fever,  and  other^contagious  diseases.     Later  he 
published  his  "  Dictionary  of  Elevations  and  Climatic 
Register,"  a  convenient  repository  of  facts  of  value  to 
writers   in  studying  the  geographical  distribution  of 
disease,  giving  the  elevation  of  many  thousands  of 
localities  and  their  mean  annual  temperature,  and  of 
rain-fall,  so  that  all  observers  might  see  theirinfluence, 
if  any,  on  health  and  mortality. 

The  American  Public  Health  Association  grew  out 
of  the  necessity  for  a  union  of  experienced  sanitarians 
to  enforce  hygiene  in  large  cities,  and  to  indicate  the 
proper  and  most  effectual  mode  of  bringing  sanitary 
appliances  and  laws  into  operation.  The  election  of 
Dr.  Toner,  in  1874,  as  President  of  that  body,  was  a 
tribute  paid  to  him  as  one  of  the  oldest  and  earliest 
workers  in  that  field. 

His  paper,  the  "Statistics  of  Boards  of  Health  of 
the  United  States,"  published  in  1874,  and  his  address 
as  retiring  President  of  the  Association  in  1875,  upon 
the  "  Leading  Public  Health  Questions,  etc.,"  are  valu- 
able contributions  to  the  literature  of  preventive  med- 
icine, and  show  how  carefully  and  extensively  he  col- 


tion  in  our 
stability  of 
lid  their  in- 
if  discussed, 
:o  the  study 
vcral  essays 
J  papers  on 
,  Beginning 
lOry  vaccina- 
,  quarantine, 
s.  Later  he 
ind  Climatic 
i  of  value  to 
stribution  of 
housands  of 
iture,  and  of 
leirinflucnce, 

on  grew  out 
d  sanitarians 

indicate  the 
jing  sanitary 
e  election  of 

body,  was  a 
:  and  earliest 

)f  Health  of 
d  his  address 
n  1875,  upon 
tc,"  are  valu- 
jventive  med- 
sively  he  col- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEniCAr.   ASSOCIATION.        399 

locts  his  facts,  and  how  wiilrly  and  aptly  he  applies 
the  princii)Ics  of  the  science  of  hygiene. 

The  Doctor  has  perhaps  been  the  must  successful 
biographer,    thus   far,   of  the    medical  profession    of 
the  United   Stales.     There    is    no   error  in  asserting 
that  no  physician  in  the  country  has   made  himself 
equally  conversant  with  the  early  American  medical 
literature,  and  the  progress  of  medicine  in  our  country 
since  its  first  settlement,  or  has  been  so  assiduous  in 
the  collection  and  preservation  (jf  reminiscences  of 
tiie    lives  of    our  departed   and    illustrious  Nestors. 
Hroclnires   on  medical   history  and  biography  have 
from  time  to  time  been  published  by  him,  and  all  have 
been  well  received  by  the  profession  and  the  public. 
Prominent  among  them  are  "Necrology  of  the  Phy- 
sicians of  the  late  War,"  "Annals  of  Medical  Progress 
in  the  United  States,"  "Medical   Men  of  the  Revolu- 
tion," and  his  "Address  on  Hiography"  before  the  Cen- 
tennial  International  Medical  Congress   in   1876,  be- 
sides many  other  necrological  monographs,  which  are 
but  the  outcroppings  of  a  more  important  work   in 
course  of  preparation,  namely,  "A  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary of  Deceased  American  Physicians,"  for  which 
over  four  thousand  sketches  are  ready  for  the  press. 

As  an  author  he  has  been  fortunate  in  his  themes, 
choosing  subjects  which  will  have  a  lasting  interest  to 
the  profession.  He  is  noted  for  his  love  of  definite 
facts  and  the  extreme  care  he  takes  to  verify  refer- 
ences ;  and  while  writing  on  any  subject  has  piles  of 
books  about  him  far  beyond  the  capacity  of  his  desk 
and  book-racks,  often  loading  the  chairs  and  littering 
the  floor  of  his  office.     Dr.  Toner  has  received  from 


400 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


his  friends  the  appellation  of  "the  Fact  Hunter,"  which 
tersely  expresses  a  prominent  mental  characteristic. 
His  taste  for  statistics  and  capacity  for  originalitj' 
of  method  in  demonstration  arc  shown  in  various 
studies,  and  particularly  in  his  diagrams  to  repre- 
sent the  preponderance  of  sex  in  the  population 
and  the  decline  of  the  birth-rate  by  decades  in  the 
United  States;  in  the  map  showing  the  localities  vis- 
ited by  yellow  fever;  and  in  the  conception  of  a  plan 
for  a  systematic  geographical  classification  of  the 
States,  and  the  adaptation  of  a  set  of  symbols  to  be 
used  after  the  name  of  i  locality  which  shall  indicate 
its  geographical  position.  The  principle  is  applicable 
to  a  nation,  a  State,  a  county,  or  other  political  divi- 
sion, thus  greatly  simplifying  the  finding  of  a  place  on 
a  map  by  giving  a  mental  indication  of  a  locality  by 
an  affix  of  a  symbol  to  the  name.  This  method  has 
been  adopted  by  the  Post  Office  Department  and  in- 
corporated in  their  Directory  to  designate  the  locali- 
ties of  the  counties  in  each  State  in  the  Union. 

He  is  an  authority  in  nearly  all  matters  relating  to 
the  history  of  medicine,  medical  biography,  and  the 
local  historj'  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

His  address  in  1866,  before  the  Vledical  Society  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  contains  a  very  full  and  ac- 
curate history  of  medical  matters  in  that  locality  from 
the  time  it  was  chosen  as  the  seat  of  the  General  Gov- 
ernment. Some  time  ago  he  furnished,  from  his  col- 
lection of  maps  and  rare  records,  data  which  enabled 
the  compilation  of  the  map  which  accompanies  the 
work  entitled,  "Washington  in  Embryo,"  which  shows 
the  plots  and  boundary  lines  of  the  farms  as  they  ex- 
isted when  the  city  of  Washington  was  laid  out. 


lES. 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        4OI 


:t  Hunter,"  which 
ital  characteristic, 
ty  for  originalitj' 
shown  in  various 
igranis  to  repre- 
1  the  population 
y  decades  in  the 
the  localities  vis- 
ception  of  a  plan 
^sification  of  the 
)f  symbols  to  be 
lich  shall  indicate 
ciple  is  applicable 
her  political  divi- 
ding of  a  place  on 
I  of  a  locality  by 
This  method  has 
epartment  and  in- 
ignate  the  locali- 
the  Union, 
latters  relating  to 
iography,  and  the 
nbia. 
ledical  Society  of 

very  full  and  ac- 

that  locality  from 
"  the  General  Gov- 
led,  from  his  col- 
ita  which  enabled 

accompanies  the 
ryo,"  which  shows 

farms  as  they  ex- 
,vas  laid  out. 


The  Doctor  has  always  identified  himself  actively 
with  the  public  charities  of  the  city.  After  the  burning 
of  the  Washington  Infirmary  in  1 86 1,  it  was  at  his 
instance  that  the  Sisters  of  Charity  founded  what  is 
now  known  as  Providence  Hospital.  The  "  Nicholson 
House"  was  temporarily  fitted  up  by  them  and  opened 
as  a  hospital,  which  he  attended  for  some  years.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  originators  of  St.  Ann's  Infant 
Asylum,  which  was  first  opened  in  a  building  on 
Pennsylvania  Avenue,  formerly  "  Maher's  Hotel."  In 
i860  he  succeeded  Dr.  John  Dyer  as  medical  attend- 
ant to  St.  Vincent's  Female  Orphan  Asylum,  where  he 
served  for  many  years.  From  the  foundation  of  St. 
Joseph's  Male  Orphan  Asylum  in  1856,  he  has  been 
and  still  is  the  attending  physician.  He  is  also  physi- 
cian to  other  educational  and  benevolent  institutions 
in  Washington.  He  has  on  several  occasions  been 
solicited  to  accept  professorships  m  different  medical 
colleges,  but  has  always  declined,  preferring  to  enjoy 
the  quiet  current  of  professional  life  and  duty. 

Some  time  ago,  the  Doctor  tendered  his  valuable 
library  to  the  profession  of  Pittsburgh,  upon  the  con- 
dition that  they  provide  for  it  a  fire-proof  building 
which  should  bear  his  name.  Although  appreciat- 
ing the  offer,  the  medical  men  were  unable  to  raise 
the  means  required.  But  the  Western  Pennsylvania 
University,  located  in  Allegheny  City,  offered  to  com- 
ply with  all  the  conditions.  The  Doctor,  however, 
prefers  the  library  to  be  under  the  sole  charge  of  the 
medical  profession.  He  next  tendered  it  to  the  pro- 
fession of  St.  Louis,  which  has  also  failed  to  comply 
with  the  terms,  and  it  is  now  under  a  similar  proffer 
to  the  city  of  Chicago. 


Hfiiiiiwiiiiilliiniii 


402 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


Dr.  Toner  has  not  married,  but  lives  in  his  own 
house,  in  a  comfortable,  unostentatious  manner,  sur- 
rounded by  his  books,  where  he  dispenses  a  quiet 
hospitality  to  his  friends.  The  Austrian  Universal 
Exposition,  held  in  Vienna,  awarded  the  Doctor  a 
Medal  of  Merit  with  a  Diploma,  for  contributions 
relating  to  medical  matters  in  the  United  States. 

He  has  at  different  times  visited  the  more  noted 
places  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  for  pleasure 
and  relaxation,  or  in  the  pursuit  of  a  more  practical 
knowledge  of  the  physical  geography  and  climatic 
peculiarities  of  North  America.  In  1871  his  trip  to 
the  Pacific  gave  him  a  coveted  opportunity  to  realize 
something  of  tb.:  vastness  of  the  continent  and  to  ob- 
serve the  influence  of  altitude  and  climate  on  vegeta- 
tion and  animal  life  along  the  line  of  the  great  trans- 
continental highway.  After  the  adjournment  of  the 
American  Medical  Association  he  made  hurried  visits 
to  a  few  of  the  more  celebrated  resorts  and  wonders 
in  California,  and  stopped  one  day  at  Salt  Lake  City 
en  route  home. 

Dr.  Toner  is  still  in  the  enjoyment  of  good  health, 
and  wields  a  vigorous  pen,  and  we  may  confidently 
hope  for  new  and  valuable  contributions  from  him. 
Sketches  of  his  life  have  appeared  in  Allibone's  Dic- 
tionary of  Authors,  Johnson's  New  Encyclopzedia,  the 
Northwestern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  etc. 

Dr.  Toner  is  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  of  the  Medical  Association 
of  the  District  of  Columbia,  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  since  1864;  of  the  American  Public 
Health  Association ;  of  the  Philosophical  Society  of 


in  his  own 
manner,  sur- 
nses  a  quiet 
an  Universal 
he  Doctor  a 
contributions 
I  States. 

more  noted 

for  pleasure 
lore  practical 

and  climatic 
I  his  trip  to 
lity  to  realize 
:nt  and  to  ob- 
te  on  vegeta- 
;  great  trans- 
nment  of  the 
hurried  visits 
and  wonders 
lit  Lake  City 

good  health, 
ly  confidently 
IS  from  him. 
libone's  Dic- 
'clopa^dia,  the 
rnal,  etc. 
:al  Society  of 
1  Association 
:rican  Medical 
erican  Public 
:al  Society  of 


■-'be; 


ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 


403 


Washington,  and  of  the  Alumni  Association  of  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College ;  an  honorary  member  of  the 
California  State  Medical  Society,  of  the  New  York 
State  Medical  Society,  of  the  Wisconsin  Historical 
Society,  and  of  the  Detroit  Academy  of  Medicine ; 
a  corresponding  member  of  the  Gyna;cological  Society 
of  Boston,  of  the  Virginia  Historical  Society,  of  the 
Albany  Institute,  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  of  Little  Rock  ;  a  visitor  to  the  Government 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  and  Patron  of  the  Toner  Scien- 
tific Circle  of  Georgetown  College. 

The  following  is  a. list  of  Dr.  Toner's  chief  publica- 
tions, and  which  may  be  found  in  the  Catalogue  of 
the  Surgeon-  General's  Library : 

"  Abortion  in  a  Medical  and  Moral  Aspect."  Medical  and  Surgical 
Reporter,  January,  1861. 

"Arrest  of  Development  of  the  Cranial  Bones,  followed  by  Epi- 
lepsy."    Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter,  April,  1861. 

"  Maternal  Instinct  or  Love."     i2mo.     Baltimore,  1864. 

"  Propriety  and  Necessity  of  Compulsory  Vaccination."  Trans- 
actions of  the  American  Medical  Association,  and  in  pamphlet  form, 
1865. 

"  History  of  Inoculation  in  Pennsylvania."  Transactions  of  the 
Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Society,  and  in  pamphlet  form,  1865. 

"Anniversary  Oration  before  Medical  Society,  District  of  Colum- 
bia," 1866.    8vo.  pamphlet  in  1869. 

"  Portability  of  Cholera  and  Necessity  of  Quarantine,",  1 866.  Joint 
Paper  with  Cbas.  A.  Lee,  M.  D.     In  New  York  Medical  Record. 

"  History  of  Inoculation  in  Massachusetts."  Transactions  Massa- 
chusetts Medical  Society,  1867. 

"  Medical  Register  of  the  District  of  Columbia."  l2mo^.  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  1867. 

"Address  at  the  Dedication  of  Medical  Hall,  Washington."  In  the 
Baltimore  Medical  Bulletin,  February  IJ,  1869. 

"Statistics  of  Representation  in  the  American  Medical  Association." 


i-«-  H'  • 


404 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


Journal  of  the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston,  November  and  Jan- 
uary numbers,  1870  and  1871. 

"  Necrology  of  the  Physicians  who  served  in  the  Late  War."  Na- 
tional Medical  Journal,  Washington,  I).  C,  1870. 

"Medical  Register  of  the  United  States,  prepared  in  1871,"  which 
he  sold  to  and  was  published  by  S.  W.  Butler,  of  Philadelphia,  in  1874. 

"A  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Chas.  A.  Lee,  M.  D."  New  Yoric  Medi- 
cal Journal,  April,  1872. 

"  Statistics  of  Boards  of  Health  in  the  United  Slates."  Transac- 
tions American  Public  Health  Association,  1873. 

''  Free  Parks  and  Camping  Grounds  as  Sanitarium;  for  the  Sick 
Children  of  the  Poor  of  Cities."  North  Western  Medical  and  Surgi- 
cal Journal,  November,  1872.  Rewritten  and  published  in  The  Sani- 
tarian for  May,  1873.     Both  published  in  pamphlet  form. 

"Facts  of  Vital  Statistics  in  United  States,  with  Diagrams."  Cir- 
cular of  the  Bureau  of  Education,  March,  1872,  and  in  Pamphle  form- 

"Statistical  Sketch  of  the  Medical  Profession  in  the  United  States.'' 
Indiana  Medical  Journal,  May,  1873. 

"  Statistics  of  Medical  Associations  and  Hospitals  of  the  United 
States."     Transactions  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  1873. 

"Address  as  President  before  the  American  Medical  Association ." 
Transactions  American  Medical  Association,  1874,  and  in  pamphlet 
form. 

"  Dictionary   of  Elevations  and  Climatic  Register  of  the  United 
States."     Van  Nostrand,  New  York,  1874. 
,     "Annals  of  Medical  Progress  and  Medical  Education  in  the  United 
States."     Circular  of  Bureau  of  Education,  1874. 

"  Contributions  to  the  Study  of  Yellow  Fever,  Its  Distribution  in 
the  United  States,  with  Maps."  Transactions  of  American  Public 
Health  Association,  and  in  pamphlet,  etc.,  1874. 

"Annual  Oration  before  the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of 
Maryland."  Transactions  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Feculty  of  Mary- 
land, 1875,  and  in  pamphlet. 

"Address  on  Public  Health  Questions,"  as  president  of  the  Ameri- 
can Public  Health  Association.  Transactions  of  American  Public 
Health  Association,  1875,  and  in  pamphlet. 

"  Biographical  Sketch  of  John  D.  Jackson,  M.  D."  Richmond 
and  Louisville  Journal,  and  in  pamphlet,  1876. 

"  Medical    Men  of   the   Revolution."      An  address  before  the 


)vember  and  Jan- 
Late  War."     Na- 

1  in  1871,"  which 
nclelphia.in  1874. 
New  York  Medi- 
ates."    Transac- 

iTii  for  the  Sick 
edical  and  Surgi- 
ihed  in  The  Sani- 
form. 

Diagrams."  Cir- 
in  Pamphle  form- 
e  United  States." 

lis  of  the  United 
Association,  1873. 
cal  Association ." 
and  in  pamphlet 

er  of  the  United 

ion  in  the  United 

s  Distribution  in 
American  Public 

rgical  Faculty  of 
Feculty  of  Mary- 

mt  of  the  Ameri- 
American  Public 

D."     Richmond 

dress  before  the 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.         405 

Alumni  Association  of  Jefferson  Medical  College.  8vo.,  Philadel- 
phia, 1876. 

"  Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Dr.  T.  M.  Logan."  Transactions  of  Cali- 
fornia State  Medical  Society,  1876. 

"  Biography  of  Dr.  John  Morgan,  of  Philadelphia."     1876. 

"Address  on  Biography  "  before  the  Centennial  Internaiional  Med- 
ical Congress.  Transactions  International  Medical  Congress,  and 
in  pamphlet,  1877. 

"  Water  Supply  of  Cities,"  before  the  American  Health  Associa- 
tion.    The  Sanitarian  for  June,  1877. 

"  Notes  on  the  Burning  of  Theatres,  Public  Halls,  etc."  Pam- 
phlet, pp.  22.     1876. 

Address  before  the  Rocky  Mountain  Medical  Association.  In 
Memorial  Volume  of  Transactions,  1878,  and  in  pamphlet. 

Sketch  of  the  life  of  Prof.  Lunsford  Pitts  Yandell,  (Nashville  Jour- 
nal of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Feb.,  1878.) 

Also  numerous  short  articles  in  medical  journals,  and  the  public 
papers,  etc.,  such  as  "  Visit  to  Mammoth  Cave,"  "  Blue  Grass 
Regions  of  Kentucky,"  "  St.  Lawrence  River,"  etc.  etc.  In  course 
of  preparation,  '•  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Deceased  American 
Physicians."  T.  Antisell,  M.  D. 

TOVVNSEND,  RICHARD  H.,  M.  D.,  of  Philadel- 
phia,  Pa.,  was  born  at  Court  House,  Cape  May  Co., 
N.  J.,  February  10,  1817.  His  ancestors  were  among 
the  first  settlers  of  that  county,  over  two  hundred 
years  ago.  The  Doctor  received  his  academical  edu- 
cation at  the  Academy  of  Plainfield,  Conn.,  and 
attended  lectures  and  received  his  degree  in  medicine 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1841.  His  grad- 
uating thesis  was  on  the  subject  of  phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis.  Immediately  after,  he  opened  an  office  in 
Philadelphia,  where  he  has  ever  since  continued  to 
reside,  actively  engaged  in  practice.  In  1843  he 
became  a  member  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of 
Philadelphia.    Dr.  Townsend  is  now  President  of  the 


fk 


,:  -«^  • 


4o6 


niOGRAPIIICAL   SKETCHES. 


I        ' 


Philadelphia  Fountain  Society.  He  is  married  and 
has  four  children — Richard  II.,  Charles  H.,  Eugene 
and  Pauline  B.  He  attended  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Medical  Association,  of  which  he  has  been 
a  member  since  1848,  at  San  Franc|sco,  Cal.,  in  1871 
On  this  trip  he  was  accompanied  by  his  son  Charles. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Northern  Philadelphia 
Medical  Society;  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical 
Society,  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society.  The  Doctor  has  acquired  a 
competence,  and  lives  in  the  style  of  a  gentleman  of 
cultivated  mind  and  refined  tastes,  with  a  good  library, 
and  surrounded  by  all  the  accessories  that  make  life 
charming  and  agreeable. 

WEATHERLY,  JOB  SOBIESKI,  M.  D.,  of 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  was  born  in  Bennettsville,  Marl- 
borough Co.,  S.  C,  July  8,  1828.  His  grandparents 
on  the  maternal  side  emigrated  from  Scotland  to 
South  Carolina,  and  his  grandfather  served  in  Marion's 
Division  of  the  American  Army  during  the  Revolu- 
tion. The  Doctor  was  educated  at  Bennettsville  High 
School,  He  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  Alexander  McLeod  in  his  native  town,  and  after 
two  years'  reading,  he  went  north,  where  he  spent  two 
years  in  attending  lectures  at  the  University  of  New 
York,  and  as  a  private  pupil  of  Dr.  P.  A.  Aylett,  grad- 
uating in  1849.  In  July  of  this  year  ho  opened  an 
office  in  Adairsville,  Ga.,  but  in  August,  1851,  he  re- 
moved to  Palmetto,  in  Coweta  county,  where  he  se- 
cured a  good  professional  business.  In  January,  1857, 
he  removed  to  Montgomery,  where  he  still  resides, 


;.s. 

is  married  and 
rles   H.,  Eugene 

meeting  of  the 
ich  he  has  been 
CO,  Cal.,  in  1871 

his  son  Charles, 
cm  Philadelphia 
ia  State  Medical 
jf  the  California 
r  has  acquired  a 
f  a  gentleman  of 
h  a  good  library, 
is  that  make  life 


;ki,  M.  D,  of 
inettsville,  Marl- 
lis  grandparents 
•om  Scotland  to 
erved  in  Marion's 
•ing  the  Revolu- 
ennettsville  High 
of  medicine  with 
e  town,  and  after 
lie  re  he  spent  two 
Fniversity  of  New 
?,  A.  Aylett,  grad- 
ar  ho  opened  an 
gust,  1 85 1,  he  fe- 
ll ty,  where  he  se- 
In  January,  1857, 
!  he  still  resides, 


» ■  niwiiiiin 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        4O7 

enjoying  a  large  and   responsible  practice.     lie  has 
always  taken  an  active  interest  in  medical  organiza- 
tions, county,  State  and  national.     His  zeal    is  only 
equaled  by  his  judgment,  and  the  chief  credit  of  the 
early  and  complete  eradication  of  any  sectional  en- 
mity that  may  have  existed  in  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association  growing  out  of  the  war,  and  which 
very  likely  would    have  been  magnified  and  perpet- 
uated under  less  judicious  counsel,  is  principally  due 
to  his  management,  he  having  been  specially  selected 
by  Dr.  Baldwin,  President  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,   for   service    in    this   connection.      The 
Doctor  has  been  active  on  various  committees,  both 
in  the   American    Medical   Association   and    in   the 
Alabama  State  Medical  Association.     His  report  on 
Medical  Education  to  the  American  Medical  Asso- 
ciation  in    1872,   was  a   suggestive   and   thoughtful 
paper.    The  previous  year  he  made  the  .same  theme  the 
subject  of  an  address  before  the  Medical  Association 
of  the  State  of  Alabama.     Whatever  subject  has  been 
taken  up  by  the  Doctor  has  been  ably  presented  and 
received  the  indorsement  of  the  profession.     He  was 
united  in  marriage  in  1852  to  Miss  Eliza  G.  Taliaferro. 
They  have  six  children  living — all  boys.     He  is  a. 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Association,  having 
been  its  First  Vice-President  in  1871  ;  of  the  Alabama 
State  Medical  Association,  and  its  President  in  1874; 
of  the   Montgomery  Medical  and  Surgical  Society, 
and  its  President  for  two  years ;    and  an  honorary 
member  of  the  California  State  Medical  Society,  and  of 
the  Gynaecological  Society  of  Boston.     Dr.  Weatherly 
has  contributed  some  valuable  papers  to  the  literature 


y^tj/mk  ' 


n 


408 


niOr.RAPIIICAL   SKETCHES. 


of  the  profession,  among  which  maybe  mentioned  an 
article  on  Glossitis,  published  in  1853;  on  Puerperal 
Convulsions,  in  1857,  the  principal  point  of  which  was 
the  use  of  chloroform,  and  a  condemnation  of  blood- 
letting; an  Operation  for  Polypoid  Tumor  of  the 
Uterus,  published  in  the  New  Orleans  jfournal  of 
Midicinc ;  Diabetes  and  its  Treatment,  same  journal; 
on  the  Opium  Habit,  published  in  Transactions  of  the 
Alabama  State  Association ;  on  Medical  Education, 
a  report  as  Chairman  of  Committee  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  ;  an  Oration — subject :  ''  Woman, 
her  Rights  and  her  Wrongs,"  Alabama  State  Associa- 
tion;  Letter  from  California;  Hemorrhagic  Malarial 
Fever,  an  address  as  President,  delivered  before  the 
Alabama  State  Medical  Association  ;  in  1875,  before 
the  State  Board  of  Health,  etc.,  an  able  paper,  of 
which  one  thousand  copies  were  printed,  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  Association,  for  general  distribution ; 
Minute  Anatomy  and  Diseases  of  Cervix  Uteri,  and  a 
paper  on  Prevention  of  Syphilis  by  State  Action,  both 
before  the  State  Association  of  Alabama. 

WILLIAMSON,  JEFFERSON,  M.  D.,  of  Ot- 
tumwa,  Iowa,  was  born  in  Scott  township,  Adams 
county,  Ohio,  March  31,  1827.  His  education  was 
obtained  first  at  the  common  schools,  and  then  for  two 
years  under  the  private  instruction  of  Prof.  Robert 
Buck,  of  West  Union.  His  medical  preceptor  was  Dr. 
H.  G.  Jones,  and  his  degree  of  M.  D.  was  received  from 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  Western  Reserve  Col- 
lege, at  Cleveland,  in  1852.  Ir  November  of  this  year 
he  settled  to  practice  at  Ottumwa,  where  he  still  re- 


mentioned  an 
:  on  Puerperal 
it  of  which  was 
ition  of  blood- 
Fumor  of  the 
IS  yournal  of 
same  journal ; 
isactions  of  the 
cal  Education, 
"  the  American 
cct :  '■  Woman, 
State  Associa- 
hagic  Malarial 
red  before  the 
in  1875,  before 
able  paper,  of 
ted,  at  the  ex- 
l  distribution ; 
ix  Uteri,  and  a 
te  Action,  both 
la. 

\.  D.,  of  Ot- 
/nship,  Adams 
education  was 
id  then  for  two 
f  Prof.  Robert 
jceptor  was  Dr. 
s  received  from 
n  Reserve  Col- 
iber  of  this  year 
3re  he  still  re- 


ROCKY   MOUNTAIN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION.        4O9 

sides,  and  enjoys  a  good  general  practice,  to  which  he 
has  given  his  undivided  attention.  His  trip  to  Cali- 
fornia was  the  most  protracted  respite  from  labor  he 
had  ever  taken  since  he  entered  the  profession.  The 
Doctor  has  contributed  some  valuable  articles  to  medi- 
cal literature,  which  may  be  found  in  the  journals  and 
in  the  Transactions  of  the  Iowa  State  Medical  Society, 
among  which  I  will  name  his  papers  on  Insanity ;  on 
Ovarian  Cyst — Its  Removal  and  Recovery ;  on  Vesico- 
vaginal Fistula — with  a  case  successfully  treated;  and 
one  on  Uterine  Fibroids.  He  was  elected  Vice-Presi- 
dent of  the  Iowa  State  Medical  Society  in  1865,  and 
President  in  1873.  He  is  now  the  Permanent  Secre- 
tary of  the  Des  Moines  Valley  Medical  Association. 
He  is  besides  a  member  of  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation, and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California 
State  Medical  Society. 

Dr.  Williamson  is  a  vigorous  writer,  an  independent 
thinker,  and  an  extensive  reader  of  works  of  science 
and  philosophy,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  all 
questions  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  human  society. 
He  was  united  in  marriage  in  1852,  to  Sarah  A.Jones, 
of  Wilmington,  Ohio.  They  have  no  children  except 
an  adopted  daughter. 

WINSTON,  GUSTAVUS  STORRS,  M.  D.,  of  New 
York  City,  N.  Y.,  was  born  there  February  15,  1835. 
His  education  was  chiefly  obtained  at  Mr.  D.  P. 
Bacon's  School  for  Boys,  and  at  Columbia  College  in 
that  city.  His  medical  preceptor  was  Dr.  C.  R. 
Agnew.  After  attending  the  usual  course  of  lectures 
he  graduated  from  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 


'•'»mmHSSSSmmimmm'>, 


\r  ' 


410 


mOGRAPIUCAL   SKETCHES. 


^eons  in  1863.  He  at  once  opened  an  office  in  the 
city,  where  he  still  resides.  He  is  at  present  con- 
nected with  the  New  York  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Company.  In  1874  he  prepared  and  published  a 
little  volume  on  the  statistics  of  mortality  furnished 
by  the  records  of  the  company  from  1843  to  '874 
He  was  for  five  years  Interne  Physician  to  the  Woman's 
Hospital;  also  one  of  the  Visiting  Physicians  to  the 
Demilt  Dispen.sary,  to  the  Outdoor  Department  of 
Bellcvue  Hospital,  to  the  New  York  Hospital,  and  to 
the  Woman's  Hospital.  During  the  late  war  he  served 
as  a  Surgeon,  and  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  first  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run.  He  was  on  duty  in  the  Central  Park 
Hospital,  New  York  City,  in  1 863  and  1 864.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  of 
the  New  York  County  Medical  Society,  of  the  New 
York  Obstetrical  Society,  of  the  Medical  Journal 
Association,  and  a  permanent  member  of  the  New 
York  State  Medical  Society.  He  was  a  Deleg  ^^e  to 
the  American  Medical  Association  in  1 871,  and  at- 
tended the  meeting  in  San  Francisco.  He  is  also  an 
honorary  member  of  the  California  State  Medical 
Society. 


WISE,  THEODORE  NATHANIEL,  M.  D.,  of 
Covington,  Ky.,  was  born  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  June 
29th,  1 8 17.  His  ancestors  were  among  the  first  set- 
tlers in  that  city.  His  education  was  obtained  at  the 
Academy  in  his  native  place,  and  from  private  tutors. 
Dr.  Wise  pursued  his  professional  studies  under  the 
direction  of  Dr.  Daniel  Drake,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
He  attended  three  courses  of  medical  lectures,  begin- 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN   MEDICAL  ASSOCIATION.        4II 


an  office  in  the 
at  present  con- 
Life  Insurance 
lid  published  a 
rtality  furnished 

1843  to  1874 
to  the  Woman's 
hysicians  to  the 
Department  of 
-fospital,  and  to 
te  war  he  served 
at  the  first  bat- 
he Central  Park 
d  1 864.     He  is 
of  Medicine,  of 
ty,  of  the  New 
ledical   Journal 
er  of  the   New 
s  a  Deleg  "♦^e  to 
n  1871,  and  at- 

He  is  also  an 
State  Medical 


[EL,  M.  D.,  of 
dria,  Va.,  June 
ng  the  first  set- 
obtained  at  the 
1  private  tutors, 
idies  under  the 
incinnati,  Ohio, 
lectures,  begin- 


ning in  the  year  1833,  at  the  Cincinnati  Medical  Col- 
lege, when   Drake,  Gross,   Parker,  Rives,  Harrison, 
McDowell  and   Rogers   were   filling  its  chairs,   and 
obtained  the  degree  q(  M.  D.   in  March,   1837.     In 
March  the  same  year  he  opened  an  office  in  Cov- 
ington, where  he   has   ever   since   continued  in  the 
active  duties  of  his  profession.    Forty  years  ago,  when 
he  settled  in  that  city,  it  had  a  population  of  about 
eight  hundred  ;  it  is  now  a  city  of  thirty-five  thousand. 
Cincinnati  then  had  a  population  not  over  thirty-five 
thousand  souls ;  now  it  contains  three  hundred  thou- 
.sand.     The  Doctor  was  a  delegate  from  the  Kentucky 
State  Medical  Society,  of  which  he  was  at  that  time 
President,  to  the  American  Medical  Association,  which 
met  at  San  Francisco,  in  187 1.     His  wife  accompanied 
him  on  the  trip,  and  they  visited  all  the  noted  places 
en  route,  and  in  California,  and  were  deeply  impressed 
with  the  grandeur  of  the  scenery — surpassing,  as  he 
thought,  the  grandest  of  the  Old  World,  which  he  vis- 
ited with  his  wife  in  1865.     While  President  of  the 
Kentucky  State  Medical  Society,  Dr.  Wise  delivered 
a  well-considered  and  able  address,  comparing  the 
advantages  of  his  own  and  other  countries  in  a  medi- 
cal aspect.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Covington  and 
Newport   Medical  Society — was  one  of  its  original 
members,  and  has  served  as  its  President  on  several 
occasions ;  of  the  American  Medical  Association  since 
1 867 ;  and  an  honorary  member  of  the  California  State 
Medical  Society.     He  has  held  the  position  of  Grand 
Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  of  his  State,  of 
Grand    High   Priest,  and  of  Grand  Commander  of 
Knights  Templar,  and  has  served  his  city  for  six  years 


>,»»' 


■tteMdMaiiilWti 


Mli't*"*"''^ '■'•"■""'"*"  ""*  *'"^'  •" 


412 


niOORAI'HICAr.   .SKETCHES. 


! 

i 


as  President  of  the  Board  of  Public  Kducation.  In 
the  year  1837  he  was  married  to  Missouri  Arnold, 
who  died  in  1847.  One  son,  James  Seaton  Wise,  is 
still  living,  who  was  educated  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  and 
obtained  his  medical  certificates  in  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, 1866.  The  Doctor  married  his  second  wife, 
Catherine  IV  McGill,  in  1852,  who  is  still  living  and  in 
good  health.  In  the  last  ten  or  twelve  years  the  Doc- 
tor and  his  wife  have  traveled  extensively  in  his  own 
and  foreign  lands,  but  he  is  still  actively  engaged  in 
his  professional  calling. 

WOLCOTT,  SAMUEL  GARDNER,  M.  D.,  of 
Utica,  N.  Y,,  was  born  at  Hanover,  Plymouth  Co., 
Mass.,  January  i,  1820.  He  prepared  for  cohege  at 
Phillips'  Academy,  Andover,  Mass.,  and  graduated  at 
Trinity  College,  Conn.,  1847.  His  medical  studies 
were  commenced  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Winslow  Lewis, 
of  Boston,  and,  after  attending  the  usual  course  of 
lectures  in  the  Medical  Department  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, he  received  his  diploma  of  M.  D.  in  1850. 
The  same  year  he  opened  an  office  in  Utica,  N.  Y., 
where  he  still  resides,  and  is  engaged  actively  in  the 
general  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery.  Gradually 
his  attention  became  more  directed  to  the  latter,  and 
for  years  a  large  city  and  country  practice  has  so 
completely  occupied  his  time,  that  whatever  yearnings 
he  may  have  had  for  literary  labor,  they  have  been 
crowded  aside  for  the  more  imperative  duties  of  the  pro- 
fession. In  the  early  part  of  the  war,  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  Special  Corps  of  Volunteer  Surgeons 
from  the  State  of  New  York,  and  was  on  duty  until 


lAMMNMa 


ROCKV   MOUNTAIN   MEDH  AI,    ASSOCIATION, 


4»3 


Kducation.  In 
ssouri  Arnold, 
5caton  Wise,  is 
in,  Ireland,  and 
Jinburgh,  Scot- 
i  second  wife, 
11  living  and  in 
years  the  Doc- 
cly  in  his  own 
ely  engaged  in 


ER,  M.  D.,  of 
Plymouth  Co., 

for  college  at 
d  graduated  at 
icdical  studies 
^inslow  Lewis, 
lual  course  of 

Harvard  Uni- 
[.  D,  in  1850. 
I  Utica,  N.  Y., 
actively  in  the 
y.  Gradually 
the  latter,  and 
ractice  has  so 
ever  yearnings 
ley  have  been 
ities  of  the  pro- 
was  appointed 
iteer  Surgeons 

on  duty  until 


the  restoration  of  peace.  In  i'^t)6  he  visited  South 
America  and  traveled  cxtensuoly  through  JirazM, 
making  and  recording  his  observations,  and  collecting 
specimens  in  botany  and  the  natural  history  of  the 
country.  Unusual  opportunities  were  presented  him 
by  the  Emperor  for  the  study  of  leprosy,  which  he 
fully  availed  himself  of  In  187 1  he  was  a  Delegate 
from  the  New  York  State  Medical  Society  to  the 
American  Medical  As.sociation,  and  attended  the 
meeting  at  San  Francisco.  After  the  convention 
adjourned,  he  occupied  the  season  in  traveling 
through  the  country,  and  visited  the  places  of  interest 
in  California  and  the  territories.  He  is  a  permanent 
member  of  the  American  Medical  Association ;  of  the 
New  York  State  Medical  Society;  of  the  Oneida 
County  Medical  Society,  and  an  honorary  member  of 
the  California  State  Medical  Society.  In  1854  he  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Caroline,  daughter  of  Hon. 
Thomas  H.  Hubbard,  of  Utica.  She  died  in  186;, 
leaving  four  children— Mary  Hubbard,  Sarah  Gardner) 
Alice  Denioand  Frederick  Hubbard.  The  Doctor  was 
united  in  a  second  marriage,  in  1872,  to  Emily  Pierre- 
pont,  daughter  of  Hon.  William  C,  Pierrepont,  Pierre- 
pont  Manor.     He  is  still  engaged  in  active  practice. 

WOODRUFF,  WILLIAM,  M.  D.,  of  Thomaston, 
was  born  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  July  18,  1804.  His 
American  ancestry  settled  in  Farmington  as  early  as 
1641.  His  father,  Gideon,  was  a  physician,  and  gradu- 
ated from  Yale  College  in  1785  ;  he  practiced  medi- 
cine in  Plymouth  over  forty  years.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Jonathan  Knight, 
and  subsequently  with  Dr.  Nathan  Smith.     He  at- 


414 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


tended  lectures  at  Yale  College,  and  graduated  M.  D. 
in  1826.  He  afterwards  attended  another  course  of 
lectures  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
New  York  city.  He  began  practice  in  Plymouth, 
Conn.,  afterward  removing  to  that  part  of  the  town 
now  called  Thomaston,  after  its  great  clock  manufac- 
turer, Seth  Thomas,  a  custom  of  frequent  occurrence 
in  the  history  of  New  England.  In  the  early  years 
of  his  practice  the  doctor  was  very  laborious  and 
devoted  to  his  professional  duties.  Dr.  Woodruff 
promptly  connected  himself  with  the  County  and  State 
Medical  Societies,  and  occasionally  made  contributions 
to  them,  but  has  been  known  rather  as  a  worker  than 
as  a  writer.  Having  secured  a  reasonable  competence 
and  years  accumulating  upon  him,  he  has  gradually 
withdrawn  from  the  more  active  duties  of  the  profes- 
sion, and  has  become  somewhat  of  a  traveler  both 
abroad  and  in  our  own  country,  especially  during  the 
winter  months,  which  he  spends  in  the  balmy  atmos- 
phere of  the  Southern  States.  As  a  delegate  of  the 
Connecticut  Medical  Society  he  attended  the  meeting 
of  the  American  Medical  Association  in  San  Francisco, 
in  187 1.  After  the  meeting  adjourned  he  spent  some 
time  with  a  number  of  his  professional  brethren  in 
visiting  the  various  places  of  interest  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  and  in  the  subsequent  autumn  sailed  for  Europe. 
He  was  united  in  marriage  to  Martha  Thomas,  since 
deceased,  daughter  of  Seth  Thomas,  of  "  time-keeping 
fame."  The  Doctor  has  two  children  now  living — 
William  T.  and  Sarah  H. 

YANDELL,  DAVID  W.,  M.  D.,  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

ZITZER,  J.  J.,  M.  D.,  of  Cumberland  County,  Pa. 


SKETCHES. 

md  graduated  M.  D. 
d  another  course  of 
;ians  and  Surgeons, 
ictice   in  Plymouth, 
lat  part  of  the  town 
great  clock  manufac- 
frequent  occurrence 
In  the  early  years 
very  laborious  and 
ies.      Dr.  Woodruff 
the  County  and  State 
y  made  contributions 
her  as  a  worker  than 
asonable  competence 
m,  he  has  gradually 
duties  of  the  profes- 
it  of  a  traveler  both 
especially  during  the 
in  the  balmy  atmcs- 
As  a  delegate  of  the 
attended  the  meeting 
tion  in  San  Francisco, 
lurned  he  spent  some 
fessional  brethren  in 
terest  on  the  Pacific 
mn  sailed  for  Europe, 
[artha  Thomas,  since 
aas,  of  "  time-keeping 
hildren  now  living — 

D.,  of  Louisville,  Ky. 
iberland  County,  Pa. 


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